The Cardiovascular Systerm

A.THE HEART
I.The Anatomy Of The Heart
II.The Wall of the Heart
1.In what cavity are the lungs and heart located? Throracic
2.What are the three layers of the heart wall? - pericardium - myocardium - endocardium
3.Which layer of the heart wall actually does the pumping of blood? myocardium
4.What is the name of the inner layer of the heart wall? endocardium
5.Where do you find the pericardial fluid? Between the two layers of pericardium
6.Why does the heart need pericardial fluid? Protects the heart from damage as it beats against the wall of the chest cavity
III.The Chambers and Valves of the Heart
1.The vessel that takes blood to the lungs is the pulmonary artery
2.The smaller chambers at the ‘’top’’ of the heart are called atria
3.A ‘’door’’ between two chambers of the heart is called a valve
4.The strings that keep valves from opening in the wrong direction are called chordae tendineae
5.A valve with three flaps is the tricuspid
6.A valve that has flaps that look like half-moons is the semilunar valve

IV.Tracing the Path of Blood through the Heart

V.How the Heart Pumps Blood
1.cardiac muscle fibers are able to contract without outside stimulation. They are said to be ......Autorrhythmic........
2.The .......conduction........ system of the heart sends signals to all the cardiac muscle fibers
3.The rate of contraction is determinded by the .........sinoatrial node...... ( also called the ......pacemaker........ )
4.when the blood supply to a part of the heart is blocked, the person may feel pain in that area. This pain is called .....angina pectoris...…
5.when cardiac muscle cells die from lack of oxygen, the person may experience a heart attack or ....myocardial infarction.....

B.MEASURING HEART HEALTH

I.Heart Rate
1.heart rate is measured with ...pulse rate...
2.Normal resting heart rate is ...72... beats per minute
3.sympathetic nervous system cause the heart rate to ....increase.....
4.your heart rate increase during ....exercise....
5.heart rate increase during ..fever...
6.resting heart rate ..decreases... with age
7.heart rate ....increase.... during stress
II.Hear Sounds
1.the doctor listens to heart sounds with a ...… stethoscope
2.the first heart sound is caused by the closing of the ........AV valves
3.the second heart sound is caused by the closing of the ......semilunar valves
4.the ....second..... heart sound is shorter and more high-pitched
5.An unusual sound in the heart is called a heart ....murmur....
6.A ......stenotic..... valves is not as flexible, doesn't open as easily, and allows less blood throught it
7.A......incompetent..... valves doesn't close very well and thus blood leaks throught it.
8.the ...first.... heart sound is longer and more low-pitched
III.EKG
IV.Blood Pressure
1.Blood pressure is the pressure exerted by blood on the walls of the blood vessels
2.In a blood pressure reading of 120/80, the 80 represents the diastolic pressure
3.The systolic pressure is the pressure when the ventricles are contracting
4.An increase in blood volume increases blood pressure
5.When the heart pumps less blood per contraction, this decreases blood pressure
6.Vasoconstriction increases blood pressure
7.If someone has lost a lot of blood, his blood pressure has decreased
C.THE BLOOD VESSELS
I.Types of Blood vessels
1.A ...capillary bed.... is a network of capillaries that supplies a tissue with oxygen and nutrients and removes wastes
2.The ...systemic circuit.... is a network of blood vessels that carries blood from the heart to other areas of the body and back to the heart
3.....arterioles..... are vessels that have muscular walls and deliver blood to capillaries
4......venules... are small vessels that receive blood from capillaries and deliver it to vein
5....arteries... carry blood directly from the heart. They have thick, muscular walls
6...Vein... carry blood back to the heart and sometimes have valves
7.the ....pulmonary circuit.... is a network of blood vessels that carry blood between the heart and the lungs
II.The Major Blood Vessels of the Body
1.the ..brachial.... artery is located in the upper arm
2.the ....abdominal aorta.... is the main artery that brings blood to the abdomen
3.the ..carotid.... artery travels throught the neck to the head
4.the ....femoral.... artery is a found in the upper leg
5.the ..radial... artery is found in the lower arm and wrist
6.the ....pulmonary..... artery takes blood to the lungs
7.the ..great saphenous ... vein is found in the inner thigh
8.the ..cephalic... vein is located in the upper arm
9.the ..pulmonary... vein delivers blood from the lungs to the heart
10.the ...common iliac.... vein is a main branch of the inferior vena cava
11.the ...brachiocephalic... vein is a main branch of the superior vena cava
12.the ...anterior tibial.... is found in the lower leg

D.THE LYMPHATIC VESSELS

1.Lymphatic vessels return fluid to the veins
2.More fluid leaves the blood capillaries at the tissues than Is returned
3.Lymph is a milky fruid containing fats, dissolved molecules, and water.
4.Edema occurs when the lymphatic vessels fai to do their job
5.The lymphatic vessels helps to maintain homeostasis of blood volume