Korean Grammar * Many grammar points and expressions appearing on the TOPIK’ Intermediate Levels 3 and 4! * Detailed explanations of grammar points and practice exercises for easy self-study of Korean! * Comparisons of grammar points with similar meanings and forms to highlight their differences! * Grammar patterns and practice exercises specifically designed for preparation for the TOPIK Intermediate Level! DARAKWONPreface How to Use This Book Oievevs Expressing Conjecture and Supposition 01 01/0} #0|ct 02 42). /= Sgolct 03 ~(2)e Ble) 04 (2)2 eILIM 05 (ewe 06 ~(2)-/e/(Qhe Szechy 07 49)eR|= 2c} @ Wes HERS Expressing Contrast 01 2h sialet, 7k —z1Bt 02 42). /= YEPIOI) 03 42) fai @o ASAI BPA ‘Narrative and Informal Forms o1 Aas 02 intl Qs Expressing Reasons O11 EQ 02 —QO1 03 -Lajn 04 = HzO 05 42)L/= Sol 06 —i1 HAL 07 49)e7} 4 42, 46 49 5A 58 70 7 BRS @ eee se ses Citing the Speech or Writing of Others 01 -cl2? 02 C2 sat 03 CHAR? 04 CHR? AA ES VER a Tapresing Resolution and nent 01 42)271 ait 02 -27} 03 4O)a1e o/c} 04 49)2 A4Q)2 a 05 -O/O/OKxIg. @ FAT AGS YER Giving Recommendations and Advice 01 42)2 erect 02 -Ee Bic} 03 | 22127 SES ep a Expressing Recollection o1 -e 02 -cajne 03 -ela 2S Ue a Pave Exons 01 etol MIs (-0l/s//2I/71-) 02 -oVo{xict 03 —Al SIC @ ves O1 cto Abs (-Ol/al/2//7/2/4-) 02 -A sch 94 98 103, 107 114 17 120 128 127 132 136 139 148. 152 17524 Uepa Wl Expressing Conditions 01 -O}/00F 182, 02 -7E 186 a7euRpa pressing Additional Information 01 4{9)2 Het Oa} 192 02 +2) /e GIcHE 196 03 ZA 200 04 Ft ah 203 ESeuey gd Expressing Mid-Acton Ol = ao 208 02 -Cht ant @ AES Hepa gl Expressing Degree ol 49)e BER 216 02 OF Sich 218 03 42) /Eo)= eke 221 AAS YERA Wh Expressing Choice 01 OF F+(ONLE / OFFS 226 02 (Oy 229 03 (oat 232 04 -S| -Ez! 236 05 42). /= tHeION 239 @ ees gee eas Expressing Time and Sequential Behavior 01 eto 244 02 -of/04 7x 247 03 -oV/o1c}t 250 04 -AMi 253 was} aa ued Wl Expressing Discoveries and Results o1 -2 SL] 02 -cf HL 03 ch Hot 04 CLI 0S —S1/S4C4L] 06 -CHE 07 42). fe ‘Molct PS UES gl Expressing Situational States of Being 01 0/04 sc 02 of EC 03 42). HE 04 4e). fe oh Aaah AIS VERE Expressing Attributes and Characteristics 01 2). /= Bolt 02 Aeict 03 ett BES yep Expressing Emphasis 01 aio 42)-/eR| Bech 02 +2)2 HoH ate 03 {2)= #olct 04 (olor Bag Ueha a aprsing Aims and Intentions 01 -Al 02 -&= 258 261 265 268 278 278, 291 204 298, 304 308 3 316 822 325 330 333ge 223 ued Wl Expressing Completion on ~2y8ic}7 02 -2Y/2e 03 —o1/04 wiatc 04-1 ach SSS YER Wl Expressing Futility o1 42)44 oft 02 ~01/04 Ht a 7¥8 BBS EPS Expressing Hypothetical Situations ot ejecta 02 ~2y/eiete8 03 {je BSE Pas ueha Oren 01 4O)eR Tact 02 -Rt/S4010 SEC ib} FES yep Expressing Habits and Attitudes o1 Bact 02 Ee 03 4{e)L fe MBICh » Appendix + Answer Key + Hits EON ema IBS + Grammar index 338 342 a7 350 356 360 366 370 373 400 412 431ore eae] Expressing Conjecture and Supposition eid BS ge ee = Bee Sar pear) 20 Fs Lele (utes) 2s War OE Paes Ep re AU ee OCU eae essat a ce feed ae Re as ee ee ela Be Ae Le Pry rTPec rence ee Uereetetg erg etree cr es ee eee eet za d to this list while Cee etc ieee rere cerca ightly depending on the expression, Ce raea enh (1) ee eke 0p Co Ney eee eo) beg [1] fee Ce) oy ey @oD ee (eee oie So7as S82 (vy Eee he bag ee ees> MILA, Sato] w]e Bela, Hee ola? faites ad pa omipaten u ofl) saben he aE. | wasn't able to sleep yesterday because | was tying to {get my homework done, a OEE, AZ} 2] OES BE BRS HH O12? ‘Agira, | changed my hairstyle. How does it look? ue We] BOS BEAL 7} Bz ofa} Moya, ‘You look much younger now that you've changed your hairstyle. O| HBS AOS S Oh Of AIS] ASOMLt El SS SOILE VI elol| Che LAL SASHES AWS HBG wh AEC. This expression is used to indicate one’s conjecture or feelings based on the outward appearance of a person, thing, or event. Ich AYOb SEACH ap -oyoi eect saigees Ich io} SOIC oy Ue ‘ach dol wolct aC} ot Sa ZoIct 0/0} 19) 24 WSSU ach | go tel zor 7 Bohs}, B}A] 9]-2.41Y]2., Grandpa, you're wearing bive jeans. Ly BIAS YOu} F] Be] 201A]? Don't | look younger now that I'm wearing blue jeans? 7t ©] SALS Bo] whe] Ho]s=e]] WAZ}.2.? Tis food looks really spicy. s that okay? LU ©} OHS: 8-4] of] 2] <59]744] WO}. 1'm used to spicy food by now, so I'll be fine. 14 Korean Grammar én ?éee Intermediate7t BAL Ae] FE QL Gol? vid something happen to Yeongin? Lp HR? why? Jt BAR Bo Wee] Wo] Pe BRL, | saw him in front ofthe library, and he looked really sad. 1 0/ HS SSAlsTet MVLUICh Tle} SA} Goll Oot Se! ESO! BLIch ‘This expression is only used with adjectives, so combining it with verbs results in grammatically Incorrect ‘sentences. ope At aapde Bal Bola. (x) — ob le} At ARDS WohE 2 Pole, (0) 2 -B8iCh7} SAlO|S= -of/o} Bolts Me SSLICh, ‘MBICf Is a verb and thus cannot be combined with ~O}/04 S0)ct, 2 Al MO|ChS AWBSI7I= SfLICt. A] $20)Ct fs an alternate form ofthis expression having the same meaning ARS Wout asl Bela. = 22S Vou wap wala, Ect 1 oF FAL Nt BS BBA BOSH Ye el goin? 4 BL Aol a APRA) SSeS gta, | weeewsnae rome |. Bite ovenosptaties #2] Sol xt alot met etch 23 desict 28 ech OfDIL7E oll kISHAIC Seo] Ste G10] 41 ul 2B een LICE 2s 7/20] rec} 7eYo] F749] Boley] Bo} E72? 27 Ue B7|RCE 77 BOHR, hho] #zict / Sol Selct 2ySLih ELC RIBOIMS 7HCE / 21017 1c+ OILI7H BIAS elt a B2HCh G2] ROUT SHER] BO} SIC Hol Bit /B S2 Sele Lagshavgeuety oh 15bie CHS TBS ko —O}/0f MOC} S APBsHA HSH SStal2. @ ©) © ca ? | : uy oa 7k ur 7 u 7 Korean Grammar é» 2ése -Inermediate oe B89] 4 A) Bee? She4 to] Wary eeec} cf AM HO} e sea eS Avia. aol Ae} 3fo| oi BCE 7A? op yai.a, ely 42] wo] mse) ot ¥}9| spac oft 20} eyo}? ARAN AAS YOU 7G] 2 7A UAE OA, ob7le} 212] 2-527} Be Sule, op let ait: Eel olai= et Y) 7HAe] Aste lee A 12, 2a a7 7He9| : $2 G0] WY Ha. uy eae wate.ae Ol] A} 2 Stato] ct Bula, Wiel Ming did't come to school today. ub ola] Bo] ck SU}Tt Weel wo] che BYO/HL, ‘Yesterday she said she didn't feel welt looks like she's realy sick. a 7] ob 12} A7t 7H AY ‘There goes Akira u SARS 2 A BY7 Alo] THe BYOlHL, ‘Judging from the hiking clothes he's wearing, it looks ike he's heading to the mountains. ‘BOYS AZIIL} SSS Sts Ve O| WSOVMES Hell - SMS oln|sIchaD S++ USLICL Ceti O| BA © Sino] Of AIBIOIL] 2M ASL, OILS SAIL} Sa LL Of Glo] QlOHL far SIAL Of AeHel Ziolet BA} SAS oy ABRILICL OG! AS ST ASSES WOISR O)- /E Sole’ gol Ae] 2747+ S[E HEC! 4O)_/= OW SUIS ANSste BP7t BSL. Meaning “shape” or “appearance”, 22! is used here to express a particular condition or state. This expression is thus used when attempting to infer or guess the circumstances of a particular situation after directly seeing it or hearing about it. It is often used together with 2). @ SJ}, which comes earlier in the sentence and expresses the basis for making the inference or guess. Sct 2 -2t/9ieh = i zeit : act =e A | a : nlzsic} ze + SQOich | ° act a8 ofall {2)2 “asec Lagstage-ueig oh 17JH za | jonah eich ae | " ict HE y a = ect oe Pict z 3 ee ; 42)e ay a + SY0|c} a ou 2 1 cy ae S|OIcF east olgtet Styjoict aryolgiet os a stafoict uel Seto} tate Jt 2B ATE SARE REECE A? | heard that Soyeong quit working for the company. u UL, 3} del Aah WSN BBojoj.a, Yeah, apparently the job was really dificult for her, 7b ILE A} O}2) eb glo}sto} 2? is ura we 4 Bol BE} DVD} Le 2 BUH Se] ASS Sao|A|.g, ‘Seeing that there are some DVDs in her room, I reckon she watched movies unti lata at night. 7t FY AZ} STH B] SHEA] opH.2? Do you know what Juyeong is doing during vacation? UF H}7] EES ofohet A BUH Yo} A Bapojoy.a, ‘Judging from the fact that she reserved a plane ticket, 'm guessing that she's going to her hometown, 1 0| BES SHO] 27/7} Ste ASS MIL SLY St AS UlsOe otal ABSt7| wHSol, Bk APO] HE SHS Qoll CHAS ARSE! BSLICH, Because this expression is used to express the speaker's inference or guess based upon having seen or |heard about the situation being discussed, it cannot be used to describe something the speaker cid himselt/ herselt AB AZ! Agel] Plo} Bee) S4)o] Bake wezojo].a, (x) AS AU Algol Bol Hee] SAlo] wae zl Behe, (0) 18 Korean Grammar ie %ve -IntermediteFO 2717} APSO! OLS OH, S Wohl Til AZpotiLt SEIS! SAGs MHS ABS 2: esuct This expression cannot be used when the bass forthe Inference isnot an objective fac, thats, when the speaker is simply describing something he or she only thinks, or subjectively believes, to be the case. SIH Alar Hitt 921 Aol 4 QMI2, @ a7 DS Aa, + las sae, > @) £9e] Bo) S Ala, + $4.2 Aah} Sulafor 3-41.27 + 4) AB A} BHAS Whe Aaa, + Bey ujebat apo o2. = © WAAAS SARS Aaa, + oluy7} Aepah B72? ahs 2 He)e= HGS ASSIA CHS CSS easp2. () 4 0] AS ol wae) HeT Se) ofw.a? (lsteletel o}aIcp uo] 2 7 SA) FH BUS Aohk= AH] W427 SSS Yo} Yoya. (ols arehep) Ue 2a] 27} aS oH44 atop} Sal AOA EbaH BAND @ 7 ALS WH Yo] B72? A] RS zich u eee @) 7+ sreabzol 2k} S72. GES eeke}) 4 ASS eee] __ Wa 7H SAA. © 7 BB a7} Bess saa, (42) eke) u St a sha Se sp7I7} Ad Hele, 24 Korean Grammar de Yéve Intermediatenono: 288 vocrsiaaar © Doesn't bibimbap need red pepper paste to taste good? UU, SH 48S wo] Yee oe Blut AB YOMQ, veah, but Rl bale you add atte pepper paste Sie 7 ULL At AAS A REZ] BER}2, | wonder if Mar did well on his interview. RS a7 884] ys, I'm sure he did well, so don't worry, es 0| HBS Bots Ao] SSB VEE BE SAO|Lt OMS LEH {Oe E/O|CHOH O1SFS LEH “HOLM BS UUILICL SABO FR WSs ABO] mlOstALt Aotsh= Yo] oj MeAoi= TS] AISHSHALY BOWh= OFS SSSI BRILICH This expression is a combination of ~(2}= Ej0Ic}, which expresses the speaker’s supposition or intention, and -{2)L/7f, which expresses a reason, In a sentence with this construction, the second clause contains the speaker's suggestion or statement of advice to the listener, while the first clause provides the speaker's reason for giving such a suggestion or advice. : “22 AUD 5ieiaea a | | nae WIS ELM | i 40 Ich at aU oa a so we OfO|OICE O01 BILE a (0198 wai eL apy BS /0/RS ELIF ‘apyoict Sols EILInt ‘Bay / Ole eg aut clololch orotate + Lagnong vena 25FS AALS SUIS SA a8? Seat me bey some aopies since Mary hes fit? 48S 27) Sol} S717 NS BIE Ah 712, ‘Secaise ifs strawberry season now, they should be cheap and taste good, so let's buy some strawberries. 7 ASIS Wat 424} ofrjo} AA}32] ofa? | want to meet with the teacher, so do you know where she is? 4 ARE aol All Bhp 7171 7 Bale, She should be in her office, so go and check there, 71 OF S]2] of Be Pet usb g7}e? Do we only need to prepare drinks for the morning meeting? U GPE OFS te By 7 MESA Zo] Buys aj] So} a ‘Most people probably won't have eaten breakfast, so preparing some sandwiches too is probably a good Idea. 1 0| RHE 4o)e= eILi7i2'o| Yee Set Fol ABayi= auc This expression can also be used at the end of a sentence in the form of {©}2 AIL Inis. +8 SUsHA, adele} Zo] ope epy7ia, Leave early. There willbe a traffic jam since it's Monday. n ‘O)2 EILIV2| BeOS ZHo\cr, “MECH, ‘D/ersICFo! glo] + eisLict Expressions such as 2/20/C}, IBICf, and o/2t8{Ct cannot follow {2)z EIU 2 ELE APH EA ZARA, (%) sya eel a 144 zAHAch, (0) Jeet alt el U.oebar aA] oleae, (x) — BEG del aa 924m Wy) oleae, (0) 0] HES Boks AlRIOl OF! SS SHICHE SIRILY OME EHH LS SHEN OME OWE I 2S + USUCL SAMOS SE SE AfEOlz| OFA SIRHZILE Of SHE HO] SUCH. 01 HAS (2)e EOICH7t OAS LED Hol O)LInt7t BS WAILICE. of AS Hs)e HILIME Woh SAS +} YOO DABS f+ Besrich ‘This expression is @ combination of -(2)= E/0|Cf, which states an intention, and ~{©2)Lb7, and is also used to state the speaker's willor intention. As such, It can only be used when the subject is inthe frst Person. The expression is then followed by the speaker's suggestion or request to the listener to do Something. Additionally, only verbs can come before —{©)= ElL17, and they cannot be in the past tense. 3 Korean Grammar go se ntermediateAt ABH, oz oywal deleted gta? Jaeyeong, how should | contact you from now on? U Al ola) 428 712A SY aut oj7|e Ae Hal8, I glve you my email address, so you can contact me that way. 7t edo] QA we] AS Belaorwora, "ve got to clean up the house fast because some guests are coming. Ly alt AS Bele wut Gale y Ys SB] SeyL? FI clean up the living room, so will you clean the other rooms? ‘Hoje wine} {O)= SIRE BC} ABZ o| SH Bolalet Sat WS Aol AtOl7t SUCH, Although -(©}= Ell] and ~(2}= BlL|7tare used to express supposition, they diffe in the following respects. ~(2)e atch 42)2 BIL So) HBS O/YLICH, HO| O1MB SOBLUCH. Refers othe actual station elated tothe Refers tthe reason forthe speaker’ suppostion supposition or assumption. or assumption + Wz} DS lel ofA] Exe + M7} Ze a7 4 Sale, You must be hungry, so pease have {Because) you must be hungry, please have something to et. something 0 eat. 1 SA) Alera] aaa] pa? * 4 EB A7ES By Se ee] Sol alA, AIL A Seat ICH SS mt act / SS ste] Bosc BL SBMA OM SOLSAIER| SICH Be SoSAalct / zee Icey ABE U7} OC] SHERI tc} AISJoll QUE / 747 |= 7h RACH 2 1 ABel Aas ot Hel 771s Bole, ue, AAS 7a He 7] Salis. Ae Bees ey7t2. Aol] AFR OFF Ne ZICh FECA ERI ICL / IIe BESET ufes Ol! extol BwBICE Aloe Ect / Ba Alziolet Zo] Bol stele Aol WEIS ste SAS SH] SUIOIC / Fale} ASO! Lol ect Lagtoyguega 2(() O- £9 ANAR Le BILE OFBE THRACE, Or ea a : : ® ye (2 oe eILE ASAIN cle clabe eee, : () 7 FG MSa as ore Gola) U Ae gLOe BOL HUME SSAA ALA, @ 7 ARCS Be 71 SAola, (RACH = uu See nc APES Esler @) 7 ll F7ie Sele B78, AS B72? (AO) Beh), sae eee Ne te AL 2? @) 7 Sh, Alola7t pelea, (a olny} Bale Bch) pe Serie ae @ 7 ea a7} 2 =A 22 og sila? aa Seach Poss : __ RAGS 7a. © 4 WA 4eseF Yara? ae a uy AS AAS of aA Bebe Mola xy lols 2]@he] Bo} w}.2., 28 Korean Grammar in Wceotermstisteat ub a u D SA] OS A] KH BGJO}2? Did you happen to see Mark? oft Ano WSAa. oft AmleeoH] Zep WAGES. He's probably at the coffee shop. | heard him say that he was ‘going there eartier. oll Os AS AIA 2)2] 2874-2? Do you think Yang Gang went to play tennis yesterday? om tt eae, alate] AUAS FAL Be A ora, | doubt he went. | think he once said that he can't play tennis. 0] BAS OFF UOIL{x| HS VO|L} SF SS= Hol chat SSK Ato] MSs FSS olop7 1 ay SIC. SSO ASS BT UBIO ASS ise AO loll ASEH used when the speaker states an unconfirmed assumption or supposition about @ future event or something he or she is not sure about. It is used only among close fiends and appears in ‘conversational form only, not in written form, WswS a apt -WesAe s2gue wae en +e)eua aan Sy eae weet anieze AP olsteate aysoict arolteae Sin wae SAIL weag Sp yOlCL aga Laastog dergt 29SSS 7212 Shea Ao] BS712? "fm planning to go to the department store, but do you think there will be a lot of people there? u +4 Alu Bea, It's right before Chuseok, so I bet there will bea lot (of people). 74 A] Bod WE HEME w Alo} o4=2] F4.a? Do yuknow hen the ite martin fot ofthe house opens? UF Ob 1OAG GAM, CHE THES] He 104Jo] SEL, | think it opens around 10 because most of the other marts open at 10. 7 OMG ALE HAD VE] AOk a7} Se? | want to change our meeting to a tater time, but do you think Jaya has already left (her home}? 4) Bal SRSA, zlok 2] go] waets, {bet she’s already left. Jaya’s house is far away. Q Hole a aaron aetcr7} dete! ele zte ail 2 ol oleh SIE HOHE ARBEILICh, meta wise a SS, Lebel MHS} FSHS Lies mo] eH7t BOIS AEA Shes AASbS (Ose HAS LEH oy'O| 1 4O)= ZY aaHcy Bz) The expression ~(2}=2! can alto roprosant the contractd form of ~{2)= 21 EC n which “Ct has been emited. As ah, ean also bo usod to expres the speaker’ fasing of regret about a past event. Fortis reason, you must pay special tention otis frm whan tie sed ifarmaly because it an mean ether suppostion or egret depending on the stustion. (See Chapter 25 Expressing Roget, 01 (2) wauey 1 0] BSS AHO] OlzioH| OFS} WECHEY MISS APBSILICE Ola ALCHAO| QT Qt= AH BS AtcHepo} 7\CH7E SeIAL BSh= Aaa} Cech 2S UEbALIch This expression can also be used to softly disagree with the listener, that is, to express the speaker's belief that the listener's statement or expectation Is wrong or different from his or her own, 7t OF BAlol BWSR? Shall we leave at 8 in the morning? U AAlzoe do] go] eelza. The trafic wil probably be bad at that time, Jt ob le HOW BESS AAA Sh a2., ''m planning to take Akira sightseeing at Gyeongbokgung, U ole} Wis ARS WA 7} MSA, ols-elso] gto] ol Ale) wa] 7H: Rolworx, | think Akira has already gone to Gyeongbokgung. I's one ofthe frst places foreigners visit after ‘coming to Korea, Korean Grammar é+ se -Inermedinte2 0] RHE Soke ABet 1B] SASK BAS 7D WSC et BSk= Abt = ABO} FSGS DAS SHE ME ASE + SSUC This expression is used when only the speaker has knowledge to back up a supposition or assumption, ‘Accordingly, It can't be used when both the speaker and listener share the same information. 7b 3b) a alsa. It’ already sold out for the entire wookend. U sepia, Bait Melgeaa, (x) — eva, 3apt avian v2. (0) Yesh, that movie seems popular. 2 SO] B77 Shs APMIS BIE FRIAR] OHATSIRICHS | A Ct QI 71 HO} 1) ez ABE + gSLIch ‘The basis for the assumption that the movie is popular—thatis, the fact that the tickets are sold out for the entire weekend—Is shared by both people, and therefore ~(2)= 21@ cannot be used. Jt 2] BSP} AINA? Do you think this movie is interesting? Lb AS FY islets shy7} aelghea.a. Well, i's number 1 atthe box office these days, 90 reckon is interesting 30] Sst Se 19lehat Ske BAS ‘Let 7D 27] Boll (Ojo ye's set + wsuict, Here, only L {the speaker knows thatthe move is number 1 at the box office, 0 -(S}=21@ can be used. 3 0] HES ASS! WS 28 Bol cieks ORF SeILICL ‘The intonation of sentences using tis expression rises sight atthe end 7h BUSH Bart ove HR? Do you know what the weathers lke in Gangwondo? 4 Mabel} ged Bega. 4 ‘Since it’s in the north, I bet its colder than Seoul 4 Q)eWe'= 4O)e Hola"ch= Fol cst S10] OBILIch. In terms of strength of conviction, (2) 2212 expresses a weaker belief than -(2}2 74ol12. (1) Ak 9 HIE AAS Hehe? Do you think Suyeong has had lunch? U Fasae. zs slate, Ireckon she has. I's already 3 o'clock. Laamoyeusad 31@) 7 +9 vr ade ange? Do you think Suyeong has had lunch? Uy Bias ela, ob Aol Yr BLee| zle}m apejeiate, Yeah, 'm sure she has. Awhile ago, she said she was going to the cafeteria to eat (02 SS CHARS! AfSHSO| GAMEOS IAS SIS AleHLIn} He! WIE eigte elm SASiD Lom ‘4o)eUe'e YaHOo| 2) 2 EY foes ZICH BCFA & cl AAAIe! FAS) 71S cme pose (S)= role’ 2 BABU. In (1), -12}= 248 is used because L} (the speaker) is basing her assumption on the fact that most people have normally eaten lunch by 3 o'clock in the afternoon. In 2), (2) 74012 is used because LL (the speaker) is basing her assumption on the more concrete fact that Suyeong actually said she was going to eat, 7 SEAM Als Ad NV7AL? uo) ARM BS ESS O17} Aol SA s. 25 Wt xi Bol Ich 0| AZO 5 2S sin} Sol gict xf aefo| elatc SSHIOILIME ula esc AR} DBlOl Sach 7H| USI BE BeIL Bal SABC n 9-2) Wel ARI 2 ah BF ALE BEA? UB ae A120) gS2e. Beh yyy oSubol= eh BSS, Al2HOl SICH / SIS} LHLH OFBHIOLE SICH ICE ofa} et Zick / oFSIOH AFRIOILY TBloH= Zo] gictn Sich To} SOMACH / XICHF0H| TPO Zkcf stp Korean Grammar én Yése sIotermediateCHE Teg a [S7I]olA WHS clos So} (O)eAa’sS ASSAM HSS Sesotale. 71212] az Ameict RSAC «Sct abo Sch BAY OF Ot Bch EQ A, 0] DAA Oeh AYIA? AV} 0] 2A of-ES OES 24D SH=e] Ul AOWPES oa? vIqOSPEE F914] SAe] Bord AVON “ADA S AL, Age? 2a AFM EE ome? AFOMEE A) Ae] Aloe Aye) ate, 19 AAPeEE m2? AACE 212 4) AAA) APACHE BETA, 14] edowHSs o187-27 AZ 2haPe] 317) 212871 ZAM (4) ry Alo Azbo) a ela, S2lopspEo] Sha 7} BALA. AE AS 2) Au} ek Sl ASSL IE BAS ea Laseyeuses 33APOE A], I SAA] QF BHHOI.2.2 & i aS YS yeoman = SAI7} Uoia? AL Sap} gis S Esha, Sat ge S astola, Did we have homework for today? | didn’t know we had homework, | thought we didn't have any, 2 4y 2 2a) We wglola? ga welelga, 0a yousee Eure husband? He's realy handsome. 4 2a) 7} ASS Woja? AL La} 47} Age S Esha, ALU TS ala, Did Eunhye get married? | didn't know she got married, | was Under the impression she wasn't maried, AO) PENS)= B BRCHS Gots AIO] MO} Ofo}7 oll cat BRIALY oad EL 7 [cH SII VES WH ARBRILICL Ten OQ). /E/O)= & WICH eao} yo] acl AIZIGH=n| 3740] APO OFS 27] S14 Oy ARB BILICE ‘The expression 2). /ts2)= & BR{ct is used to end a clause stating something the speaker was not aware of or did not anticipate, +2)./(2)= % W2kct, on the other hand, is used to end a clause stating what the speaker had assumed to be the case; therefore, it expresses the speaker's realization that his or her ‘assumption was incorrect oyct ont AIC xe oquec oe atch ae KE he a 2c} a2 ester ait JHE ach a TIC az ech a. 34 Korean Grammar én ése-inermesiateee ols ag arMOIRE Le ae out outs j ah uel += watch j e So ae e out sure! wstct | a sry saad i. me IAF SIAL + Uc] a7} os Bho] SS AoA, Saxo] 22] Fe S BRA, | thought Andy came to school today, I didn't know he didn't come. + ego] Bo] Bol] Pat FE S Utes, Tela) sto] 4LU7t Hl Bora, “The wind was blowing so hard | thought it was cold. But now that | am outside, it's not col. + AL SY a7 Se A S BHela, ash Ae S ashels, | didn't know Juyeong was Chinese. | thought she was Korean. es Cue 1 4 Ada, SPA S So FAs, ey7i7t At Vs. up ok, ASA, OP 17b ARE S BRB, a : _ 223 27a, get 278 Zolet |. totum down the woume (sound of sto _) 22 Ae] @ Soret / ot xn act opt xtet / Aals Bolt daNIAS Ct / Aleta Sich Amaetolct / lalulsis Tc gol sich / UTS SH Sol A179} Bat Bole / BSAI SIC z > 0) 2), SPAFE RSE Sy PANS ALS OTL? uy ofa) a7} SelA] Bt & S ashes. gula} gieal| of Sars 7ixID Sct ‘Uaeloli= ttm Alefol BS Beal 94 7k Alf wo] EI ME}= gel oH AOS AP Sct OFS tv Stat Hl2f Sac SRB AHO] BOHM AEE BS SIC opt aah apt BH Mlo MBS AM fal mle} 01c L agahoieg deh st @ &1 SS)/S/2)= & Sxcieletch's agai cise ze RO] SS wPAI2, © Fo) G2812, seg Ae ae yey gen Yzpao}a, 3 SAO THES S309, HAE MEA 42 2 agO1a, OB HA AF Molo}, ea Ah Lal 7} BhYo) ofLletar zEgoLA, a 8) Ae] Sloigela. ele] a Abbe] a+ xpeic}s1 YZ} RO}e a GREAT} eso] Zol2, ele] A Set 2/7} esto] elcian Az} ola, By 2 AS) /E(2)= F SUCKAUCH'S As CHS Has eyStw1O, (1) t OVA BYE} 27} BpEloy et ghz]a9 4 UY), AS SE] AV} ape] AAS Bolly wpelo] @ % aqjoi@ @ 9 u UES AE AALS Qt Bol) v7} ENO, BS 7] gLoM}a? oh48, EHS AS Argo BY ma Ay} ae 8) 7 BS) AIS} B12) I7} alnpala., Up 22H? + Abo] BE Zo] cHyA| alee) S Uetola, 4) 7 SH 9) 374) U4 oHoj9 4 EQo}a} Zo} a2 ease. ae] Bol shh et Ball lz) eapeo} o | 36 Korean Grammar 1 se intceseisne& AS, $Ab 7}A|ZL 7H. Honey, take an umbrella with you. up PAZ} BPSUI.2, aut the weathers tine. > AnPAolBor2, Boas W771 47} BAS Bea. Its the rainy season. n the rainy season, it might start raining suddeniy. ae UEEL A|7} Yup Ao AE BS cf BAAS? At S Bea Hoee, DDor't you think Mark has finished reading that book he bought recently? u 2S Yo] Boy ch F ARSE Beha, ‘There's so much to do these days that he may not have finished reading it yet. | HEISE Off Qo] MZ 7HSHS Arie 2 Wol Woke += USS FAS Uh ABIL “2)ea) Becres Ye + weUct This expression is used to indicate the speaker's view that something might happen or could possibly occur, ‘The form 42)2%] SC is also used. gece oh RIE oes BBolch seuere BIFHO| AQIS erie FOICt areal Lagstaguenist ST24 AEE a7} oft] Qlex) BAI ob? Do,you happen to know where Seto &? 4 AE Ae BE do] lal 7i-Iet Ula) Ale] Gout EAlgIo| SBAl= Bebe, Sato normally goes home early, but he's got a test tomorrow, so he might be in the library. 2 S21 UE Ch AULA, ull opEM| Zieh ofoksol a, We're allot of tolet paper and sap. ook ke we'l have tog tothe mart tomorrow. Us QFE] 44) AUCH BASIE Behe, ot Zep oe | SE A Dobe, Tomorrow's the first day of the Chuseok holiday, so it might be closed. | think we should go today. 7t AVE Al AS BRET] HS St SfelejaLe, Ae Sy} SkS7A? | tried to get Sujn’s attention, but she didn’t answer. Do you think she's mad at me? u ATeelg closet F SVS7] Seba, YH Aly Az] ope, ‘She likely didn’t hear you because she's busy talking with her friends. Don’t get too worked up about it. 1 0 BAZ SSS 79] Sixlet 3 Go| Uols Ho ICH Hook 1M SS YS yen ay ‘StL SLE ApzsOllal ANS SIS! Alai7t Bl + QSUICh. Because this expression indicates something that is possible, but unlikely, to happen, it can come across {as rude to a person who is worried about an event that is important to him or her, 7b obel Al ell S Ba aHoF I aaa, 1'\e really got to pass this exam. Lp daa] Spo} WA = sepa You've studied really hard, s0 maybe you'll pass. Jt HetsL2? a\7} Bold 7hs-del e] Behe oli7}..? What? Are you saying it's more likely that I'l fail? ‘SARIS Sahat aS ote! HAAS! 7HSAOl OF AIAIS! SA) SEL If 7ICHS st AE SEO] SHA SE Atgio! 71St0] L8H ++ USLUCH, OlnHs= Tet 7HsAOl OF SecHe “BeAR Hole'eD aS she 201 cH SS uct, ‘The phrase #212 2/32 means that the speaker thinks the hearer might pass even though the chances of doing so are slim. Naturally, the hearer would feel bad upon hearing such a statement. In this case, therefore, itis better to use the phrase 1248! 7/0L2, which expresses the speaker's balief that there is a very high probability that the hearer will pass. 2 0] HBlO| BIAS “oY YSTIE BAIL, ‘Bela'sS ‘Belola’i welt SwLICt, ‘The past tense form of this expression is ~2i/%ZX|S Beta. tis incorrect to change S2+2 to SUH. +ASIS AVE stelo] Ves MAE a AAGALS Beto}, (x) — Ale. 47} helo} Zieh SA a ZEBAIE Bebe. (0) 38 Korean Grammar i ce Intermediate1% Exjol oy 7PES ch sola, Qe & u BARE yeteia? ec ZA) OSA BEY} OS BAYA, \_ WE wxayempeminge noses ulate ech ini? | ofeach / St 3 7 Et serie 25 ‘ich Hols Sct / SZ Re Ewch IGE SC SA| 2g elotbielch / xis 3 247ICt n ayil 27} BASSE ABO] OHAa] OS oy Batol QF She? ub ZS eso HTL MOU 7 SIAVEVAEELO] eal Behe, HAS AIBO| OFLC] Os OH BtizoH OF Oct UIRHS C¥atahor Sick SkOLIT SURBEIAEAO! JIC OF lotuate AFRO! OIG CIN HSS 2B O|MBiLatt BAl0] BIOL uonielch oS glotelct 28 eho] Ae Alzfol OfLICH of BUM SEEOL ove iol BRIO Klee wet cp orwich eg chat ‘o)azie BECHS ASA CHS CHES etsstale (1) 7 ola BA} ise 9} et et SHtol2? Gh uy oe} SA BAS B}E2, 1 A)zZlo SE a7} ARLE SAM et Bos. (2) 7% Wl AS Selo] ALY AelS oepspal =z) 22 (Leh) Ub AIM Ai CSO aE __ 4] el Shela BAe. @) 7 9) BAS Ot Hert Yol ols: Mapa a? ehh) ub 8012} 240] _. Wana ge AI Satel a. @ 7% We satel 7 & aS ett + allan? Qe) yee as el eae. ©) 7% y7bel AAAS em hue. Gest zich uot Av Lav ate 2 eo gers. Lagsagguekist 391 o~2) CS UE A ARO UH + Ue Wee TEMS, FG M7} ANS AVE AKE 2 SILI7H ANB Bo] Ste Betolol.2 © 4S Bol Fora @ He Bo} ey wa OAS AE S Sw @ AS Bo] Aes Bea AQ wl7} SOS Shoh= # Vtg. Ovals BE aaa. @ tos eh olan @ PINS AIT THT Yois @ AHL Belch AME) of oH.a. B~5) SS US a Rol He Hess TEM, 3 40 7 QB AHO! O| ANS Bo] Al CHILI. Lh eyAQ. O| AIBIO] OWA BAL DUI RAE BAW @ WI BS BYoHMD OUI BS SAN 7+ Ligh ezoll 7ieAz a2. a2? SB BB Ole] + Sols SF He HO! Weis, St lel ale ier oreta dal OES ee ay OES t A= BE @te ter] Boum 7) Wied BEES! my Al Ein} 3} 2ixJ0)oIl=. Lt 2PRSIA| OMI, SAI8] BHILOL IT : OB Aaa @ Bay Bolg OBE BYolo]a. ORWI= Ba Ce US UWS oe 2S HOME, Oe At ll ABS Ble Sate @ pao] ZA} SAA QF Heo] soja, © Bo} sped adel Aol] Aaa FAA AAR Ch, @ FF Ao} AHO] BS A BU} BBV} AUlYASs Mgfo]o}.a.,eee Expressing Contrast Beet ages el ape Des Saeed eo) ee acl a pce Sct SHO a ee ee eel aie Pee accep mes recent ree cece Pee ee es leet ile ore eee Fe ere tere eee ee eee anes (edb pte a2 eels ee eee aa Uecker a= es7 AIA HA HS WHoLA? 's the place where you hurt yourself when you fell okay? 4 OME Zit Sah ANS + glo}, Ithurts, but | can bear it. a ola] Ade] ees BH) AS cf elsioia? Have you read the book that the teacher told you to read yesterday? u A7ke AMA UBS Ft BERo}a, | read it, but | didn't quite understand it the content) 0| BAS cHASe] SS Ete Oh AKBSILICH, ‘—7he SKIP OS APBSHILY —7hE —AlPAE ZS SAY SBAS FH ASSIS SUCH Ol MWS] HSS aslz|Ot CHE O|210] USS EHH ASoil aAgeuct This expression of contrast can be expressed with two forms: ~7/ slg and ~7lt= ~All, Note that the latter form uses the same verb or adjective twice. The expression is used when the speaker recognizes or acknowledges the content of the first clause but then wants to express a different view or stance in the following clause. ieee ath Azle stare oo ect 2171s sexIat a act : 7H aazIgb 1. 0} le ale iE R/O oy B]E BigitE i ct ie salet le aint ct U7 Stalet etn = Jie aig 3c} Wie aziet cr 7h AzIar 42 Korean Grammar iv Ye intermediate‘ath a7 Byxgt ~7ke shaaiet Sich Sie araniet ye aS act l= awe “ae act 27 Ie opax|et SL AMe] $7] = Sap 47 By B Apoa, Those shoes are good, but | don't think I can buy them because they're too expensive. ATS TU71S BA Sef olopezhe asked. | met my friends, but we didn't tak for very long, 2] SAS 7s Sgaleh Bel Bzhe he Aca, | will have some of this food, but | won't eat very much. ey 2 1 0] HOS Ve me 7h sealer, -71= —Aler'S Sol -Z! Sixler, -Z! -AlehOs Wo] AS euch. This expression is often used in its contracted forms in conversation. ~7| 8}X|et contracts to -2! aixI2!, and ~2/ —Xlgt contracts to ~ZI ~XIet, Salat H HAE LAB, = SS $71 slat SFE Rea, Jet & $2li= RHA, a8 H71e tet +08 Sle Si a Fale RAB, = SS ny SPAS VS MS he BAIS ABolay, -/AW7 l= NaleFOS ASHI SSLICt. ‘The past tense form of this expression is —7I= XIGt, not ~St/ 17K SERIE O17] SS U7 Malet Oa sts asks yet. (x) ~ ofa) 87H BI BAR 99) aS BatSule. (0) 2, ag Usb stAIRFS} Jie SIRES CSA BE ApOl7t MSU ‘The two forms ~Zigh and ~7|& 84Igt are different in the following ways. =z)BF Jit sixigr (1) Sera} eerwel Fo}7} sete BUC (1) Seat Seo] F047+ Bojor SUC The subject ofthe preceding cause can be ‘The subject ofboth the preceding and folowing dierent from that of the following clause. clauses must be the same. + due 27} aah S42 714 + due oy} alt sale S482 717+ zoho, AOLA, (x) — Ue 717} ale 8S 717} Aoha., (0) (2) Geet clas whois LerALIC, (2 M¥zel UBS Bm eae silat Serao| cH Used when the speaker wants to express a SSS 1S ARO Beg ABEL simple contrast, Used when emphasizing a contrast. n the + gol aelalgh # -Inelale. preceding clause, the speaker states something ‘Meel Bellet & Ameiala, that he or she acknowledges or knows to be true, > GIS SOE at Best AtaleHS ofor7| nd then inthe folowing clause emphasizes a ‘47 SIBLICE contrasting factor situation. ‘The speaker is only stating the simple i: contrasting facts about the subject under + Use] Bevis syle s Aneel. discussion, > 919] USES Bia CPST XIAO] WIS StOLAT 2xsET SIALIC, While acknowiedging the preceding statement, the speaker emphasizes his or her belief about the subject under discussion, CHS} 1 7 Al Bs} ope] 2? Ub AM) BAI AS ofa AS KHOA, fxd SI8i7} OFC SHOIRIRICE / S O|sHSI AHS SeAICH PEE AHS 7 OFSIC} ObBOH SCH / Li Sic 2 elt ofc SC} / OMICS @ Bch 44 Korean Grammar i» 2ése -inermesiateat Uy SEa? u SEE SEA Cy) ss Vou waders, Ay} UA ch Suc} / CAI ht + Qich OltH OFSOIIS 7} Z AlZIO] Sick AlZHO] SiCt / StH Bil CHAS Sich 26 82 act BCH / O04240] ACE rir peau 1 “7h she S ASH CHS CSS SHgsHi2. (1) at Ae S BA}e] cha2? Lp Ul, HATH OfAlOk OEO1e, 2) 7% A] Hola) AeteH wea? te asa ele @) 7% Bayo] wn A210? u QELS AGS AF shLI7H wlaloha, (2 AAR ealei2? oe ofrjofay BAEZ) 7le}o] gt ua, 2 ‘Jie -AIGFS ARSaHA CHS CHBHE 2talstal2. (1) 7 ot ASS Bet e212? U Sls SAS MYOR, a) WAS &] BAER, 2) 7 SB Qh Bay Leah} lo]? u HE BAL, @) 7 Bel4] Bale Sep zee Baa? u olatat + glo12., (4) 7 DAE sels SZ) A? u aos J LAL, aaeeuezm 45aie HUT WE BVH ofa? bow do you ke your euert eompany? ae Be Uo AIS Aol] SUS Sy aia, ‘There's a lot of work to do, but the pay is low, so I'm considering ‘changing jobs. Ws We BE SSS THA! Yang Gang is realy good at sports! SPs} ARS SSS Boe Wha] Ste RAR, Hachal While |am good at sports, I'm not a good student. 0] RAS NBAa FB] USO! MS Piste Atlas Let MH APSSILICH ESE OG Zoll CHeHAL Ze BS VO US As Zo] SIT HS ME ASS + USLICL Aap OS ASSIA Qa (OQ) FS ee'O| eke AbBat7 [= SUC ‘This expression is used to express the fact that two things are opposites. It can also be used to state both the positive and negative characteristics of something together in the same sentence. It can be used with the particle oll or in the form ~(2) att 2 HeIol 1 he a eee atct Ae welol if a 7k} 21 Heo i na “eee act ee wetoy ake THE HtRIOM —e ele ” eee uc Ge Heol 46 Korean Grammar ie Yéce -ImermedioteAAS we Wao] SES Aloe Abo] Such, While the subway is fast, it's crowded during rush hour. TAMA Ws AS Whe Weel Bhs At Baa, Kylie is good at reading, but on the other hand, she's not good at speaking, A MAK M71 BAD BBS We Wa OHBE Wo] Seoja, While that actor has received a lot of praise for his acting, he has also been erticized a lot. oho Ef ‘MWR SOEO| HICHEIE 2S VENA oH CO). /E Bla ABE AS YELL When the preceding and following clauses represent opposites, the form -(2)1_/= | tts can also be used. +2 MS vl ol abel FY Ae Wed Se A Aeueh, ‘That house is expensive, but on the other hand, the surrounding environment doesn't look very good. + AG $e arise o vis Fae Wass euch, In contrat tothe recent increase in mports, exports ae decreasing. 1 oF 98] AE SES Bo] SHE A ZoRe. @ 4 HES de] she wee] See go] ga, MH rome 28 nL wei ol sich #58 Gol sic / Se wo| ac} 7a Qo GO| BIC alge} / wale eich 91 OF WorrICt S01 2:7} aa HORIC/ SS AIS Bal a tc 2 4 AMS Tea? 4 be, o] AS she Wad ys] fea] Bzpec} Say ABle. #8 cf eigict 0] AE SICH / UISBO O1AIRIAL ZEIT} ay zieICF AL ASION 2H ZICf BAlO| a'etch / MuIA7} ot BOI Ot 7ICE AOL=AS XE Ch AIG DIGIC / Seto] SOF AEE Ot DICH ackegueree 475 42)- fe velo’ ASAI CHS CHES Stet, o @ @ 4) 6) 7 0} $0] ojmi.2.2 (ech) ue OME HO Z z-e A ors. a AL RANA} olnH.a? 1591 BO) u UF Epa, tL 7R7E OVA? (eel= ICH, u SLTE AQ, at Ao] o}m.2? 7) Bac) ub __ Wile Arias AHEAIAO] ON}? SAO} ECD, gs GO] BO Seo. 2 (2) f= etHOl'S ANSSHA CHS CHStS Stsstala. a) (2) 8) (4) 7 BS| AE ATS 4 el? (7 BBY Lb WTS WS HO 7] AR HO}2, 7 obs] 71S Fobs.2? Ge B et Fe) ou Ui, _ we & 442, 71 agp 7h AE AEB.A? Cos BO) 4, Se waa, 7 au7} Bas TAN? (He Fat) uu, See ee alee a aI 5] BV} Hol ate1a? Gale 4 a Forte) 4 Ul, _ WIE Hel QE A Gora. 48° Korean Grammar gx 2/se Intermediate7% AM, US Ke] Ste Boral & Be AloHdola, Dear, I'm all out of clothes to wear, so I should buy some more. u LAOH] Re] olga] PLE ELS abet? You've got all these clothes inthe closet, but you want to buy more? rt AF] YR Boy], ofa] BSF AIL? ‘You look tired. Were you not able to sleep last night? u WS REIS Se Bol esa, Despite getting a good night's sleep lastnight, 'm really tired today. Cr Ci SS ly 0] HHS YS AYS sk (OS) /So/‘Ol Vet SS HAS] ES Ale! —Ol/OlE'7t else eILIch, ap 0] HSS SeyAo] Mave] SO|L} ABIOLA| 7ICHal + A= ATP CHEAALt EcHe| APO! S a ASBUCH This expression is a combination of -(2)-/Sel, which describes the situation under discussion, and -DY/O1, which indicates concession or contrast. Thus, the expression is used to introduce a clause that indicates an opposite or an unexpected state of affairs when compared to the information given in the preceding clause. ob/ott epic patos ee ach agen 4e)-d= HUN ureelS ~astecl= adaguergt 49SUIS Soc} orga ct a OES QAO|Cf LHOMEgS oles oye 250lc} eel | a =e Bole ones + AAS GHel Wed sts ES Aojahe, Despite geting a good salary my tend wants to quit hisob, obo BE EAE aol wai} Woks, ‘Attough cleaned my house this morning, ther’ sila tof dust. FRIAS Wa}go] Whig, Eventhough I's the weekend, the department store ft vry busy ‘OL Sue's ZB} ESS |IA} St uy Foil WSS Boj 4) /Eg|S SASS Such ‘To further emphasize the contrast or unexpectedness of the situation indicated by -(©)._/S=UIS, the phrase §S78151 can be added to form 4) /EdI= SPST. sAgsHeUIs BoHshst aolAek Hela, Even though they were in love, they had to part ways. spades B78 oh 4 2b “Thank you for coming despite boing very busy. 1 $0] 4, Us} He Ue wgo}a? & u Paes ted eet sy te pra Bale Gaba Maora, ° At GSA BIS Siar QICt / IHS elalsl ate! kat MBI PSICY / AABOW BS AHP AP ECH Ol Se8ict / S512! FASS Tol clelm ect 2 4 APAMAS S27] HW EYOu7 SS Yo] mowyzey a. 4 oh4o].a., 44} BRS SA) B] BYE ES yo] ZF mete] 2, AWS QBS Et A] BH SIISLI ES Bo] Sort Ay BBS St x] MH SICH / SS Yo| oct ‘BAS Gol af SOL 7} ofp we well ech ‘BAS ol sy Sct / PcHoH I wHokc} Bol weIcr BROS GBA SHOU Ol SS AA BROS OB7ix| BYSIct / Sw alt ect eit a 3 Korean Grammar i Yee ltermeiate(1) ©- WFOl 24 Note AF AFT Rial Qote. 2) 8 (4) 6) (0) /Stle'S AIBSIM CHS csHe eetsHMIe. a) @) 8) 7 u aI ub 2 u 2 u 2 4 FL Eehafolic 2B wo] We] 42718? Be Meee Ho] yod) Yl], SIZ) ROBE HISTO! Bol LSet el7|= Bx) Bora, S20) Ty AS Sop 7| a2? Ams Hie) eee See SENS QUE UA ElDgBo]a? COS six) an StS Bea ue ete eee bes BAP AZ: AS 7] Bole. sae, 3471 184 __ 0] AB] Aol BA) Bora? (A) Beh) eed _ _ FEY EO od 4 glo] Ss ul al ado ela, Hea, ey SS eee | aguas27 ee O~2) CS BS U Seat oH S + We AS DaMle. 1 2 ‘FAS Hoke ZS bieioll WHS os CHE 2 ore. © Holt ok 7A @ yolk BS at ovrtgeds ar oui ee sac | JiSAKS CHE AS SS ol Ulsl 21S St + Qe BAI! SOM Swat. Ode Ae Bet ode ide seu Oqe442 PS @ cB AS FS well G~4) CS S USF Rol YE dss Dene, 3 6-6 dea AAS we IE 74o] S12 @ 37] 7t TABS Sore? uy Yl, Baler © Sorshy7t Aizbo] gol] AF Vk © Sore Gell Alzho] oA] 2H ah. @ Fok Mop Alzo} goa] APE SE BEAL @ SOPSHSUIS WHOE A[Z10] Gola] ANE Ewha. = SOMI2, OWS BE SA Bol AA1= SS Aad 2_ @ 2 ga = SHANG AE BEAO|MA, @ ATE WAI WA lope wel 84 gketols., © 9% PA} RIVE Be OEE @ SROLB, s}z)at USS 41918, Bo] OMAEU ee BPO As Sea, @ AE WIS ct Holst Veo Aas 2: @ ade a A dora, at FA) BB aol IAS] MBAR @ RI7H= Nelzlet 7-49] Aha elaie eae Narrative and Informal Forms Fee ee et ae gc ees ee eee perry ee eee a, ga eters als eet ba eee ee Conse ee leon eu esec as Pere on cya nag error ear Seon as pee ete Fore reer ee ee era) Sees pee netc Reeser c en Re ae epee ses eon ee tee ne Reet eee ee reer erga chee en eet ee nen tect vith your friends or with those younger than you, You can convey feelings of Sern eee ee nr ee ecco freee res b =e) (Rae)(aorg9] 871) & 1oM 1a BA BS 2S AST Sy) URS ol eh, ARIA WA of 7X. SASS AD SAS op}, Bel PS] BEA SHE Ap] Aaerh WbSES BA 27} BALE SF AKO] OMT EARTH ole Pols SHAH 7}-S oleh, rel] SA] Le] Th S]ghalet ofa} eee KH 7b 7] HzO OF = 7\tH7t Sich, (Wei Ming's cary) October 1 Weather: Sunny ‘Today, | went to Insadong with my fiends. We bought gifts to take home and drank some traditional Korean tea. We also tried a special ‘snack product of Insadong, hoddeok. There were alot of things to see in Insadong, but it was really confusing with all the foreigners there. This, ‘weekend, | plan to go to Namdaemun Market. Even though a year has passed since | came to Korea, | stl haven't gone to Namdgemun Market, ‘80 'm really looking forward to going there. 0| HAS ARO} HOM AS Soll SS AE ABO] AHS] USS ABAOS eps oH AKBSILICH, ES WB SS MSHS ASBILICL ‘This type of expression is used when writing diaries or reports to describe situations and events objectively. 2A ‘ent ole UAC (ech A2)2 2oIct act agate att sla! 2c sisi 2c Sect 2 oct a ZoIct 54 Korean Grammar ix 2se -inteemediate“SCE POI uPect ce ae olsict seseiolct watdolsict armoich act a me asec Saelolch + Egelojeh do] wel Sabo “The eaffcs bad becauseis Saturday. + Ul See SSR aac} APE eS Bo] SETH My younger brother/istersten to upbeat, cheer songe more han sof, que oes. + Une aol Bye Sere. am a student who studies Korean, 1 ‘YC SA Hol Oe Sis} Ze Hew sl SSA Hol BOM SSAlst WES HSS Gch ‘When ¢} follows a verb, itis conjugated as a verb, but when it follows an adjective, it is conjugated as an adjective. suk Seb gold Bee, +74 Sh 222) ot, 2 “AlcH St Sch= SSAlo|7| meoy che BELICL Because ‘JC and SC} ate adjectives, they end in sal 7s WET leh, UE A 77 Be 3 MONE ASS ME A/MalelD Beishl Ba LY/Pel een BBR Tela AS ‘LP MES UE. ANE UE, MS}? ‘S27F2 BRU In the narrative form, Lt/22! is used in place of %/743] to express “Ve”. Similarly, Ltis used for X1, LH is used for AH, Li7}is used for 7i|7t, and 2217} is used for 1817}, sae U5 SPP] US Ue, (0) — Ue OF SMO AS We (0) 4 MMOLE 22 Sel 719] ASSIA] SLch, TAIL BS Boe ae wT WS obs SS ‘AOA HHS {O)L7H?" SEAS Go| APBSIUCh. ‘Sentences are almost never written in the form of questions in the narrative form. However, to express @ ‘question in this form, you can use the ending -(©)_74? that we learned in the beginning level + BHISS A WHR HGS] wer}? Why are there so many lonely people today? + $e} 9 WILAS Talshort she71? Why should we wory about environmental problems? *UES 9] 0] aH] a4 AlztsbA zis Verh? Why am I thinking so seriously about this issue? a Agneta 65Er 1 OSS Meale oHpaig, (@) Ate HEM OLEH eS Uz eo] wa weet. HE OBMOLEMIR UAAIOH a HM HEE, 2 Sls He Ao} vo] aeseUeh. ea @ 2 Sets 27) ge) esol Sas] Sess, = () AZHES| Seo elzi7t we lech, ae ©) 232 Fao]7| wheel] Shee] 71) eet. 2 CSS MBA! MOle SRAUCL Meae HPA|o. () a7} 2S Silo SOSHS Stopol) CHaHA| AHS Omelet 1. QHI7t BOrsk= Sty SehOhS ‘Bech UPS SEAIOHeILIch. o| zoe etn} cHEtOlL Ate @QUSOMSUCL ASIAl2t Om| Atoll FSS Sol Sto] IA} FSH] le ARE 2 eget eID Ot FLISS| A7I= BA QUHEMSLIC S201] At FUSa oun C1BO| SHS 71S HOS CHE OF @SBSUC} aBzIot OFA|2tol| sHUIaoe BLY Bet @ct#olgetct (SUCH CHE OIE U7 BOhS BIS etoll HSH SEES SHG] O| BES Bt OBH|sHOMISLICt, 56 Korean Grammar iz Yése-toxecmedine@ ABE BISON SA 1B 1 VS OASYLICL olny St ASS Welo| gloel B4iS0] — Abort BS St X2Iol QSAILICh Set OOS RASS MHS Shea MMS VS BSS OLAS MVMES OAILICL MloH7: BLU ZOl Bas Sta ASL SX] Et OlOp7/L} Vsolws Sei mHolaiil OANSLICH @ AE 7 Hilo] 2} SANE A ASS ASKS BAEOl OSUCL 0] BISS I SA/oH = ocr [ch MBOIE 7IZOl MBO] Beta Ale AlRIgS| BIG BOE Bs @ BSSBSO| MSA HIS OEWSUCL AleSollal Ae Holt ASS SS HISS QEASLCL LAS OMI AHS] BA! 7h Stat 74710] 7171 121 B71 SOUBALIC Tein [Ro BWat S4 SR AASIo4 Alelso| AES OBA + et Sxlsuct 77/8 Saye Ha ADE Ags a7lz ail OMUCL Tela 24, 2S. of, — ICR Obs, S27, 71BS HOM SATS QSKSLIch o| Sao ADs ga 30H BE OMS] SUCH 0/71] Voll AAT! W7/S Bejolwol OBS. 7S HS Al SOA We] POF OMRMWSUCL ST71S AS this A401] OhsolLt WS} I ito SA MA HOR! GS BQN) + ©UsSuct. Sg eAat Zailop, Z ARUY? Euninye, are you doing okay? uo S, 2p]. ye? Yeah, 'm doing fine. And you? 7 Seb, WA AAALZLO]oF, BA Boz] Ah? Donghyeon, it's already lunchtime. Shall we go to lunch? 4 AE 7H AIBC] BS Hoh, 28 Olah 7h, ‘There willbe a lot of people if we go now. Let's go in abit, 7+ hell, Ley}, Okay. Let's do that. HSS RISE SIAL} Au Alo], 71% MOlOIIAY A= ANBEILICL —OVOIa"ct & BBshr] ayo} acHeto| Hele ASIX VS ASO AE Aaii7} SILC. CHS -Ol/O12'OAl ‘2's SetA|AM, Agoiniet & & Seo et Sebi Bech, The informal form is used mainly when talking with close friends and classmates and among family members. Because it is less polite than the -o1/012 form, if you use it when speaking to someone with ‘whom you are not familiar, it can come across as rude even if the person is younger than you, In most cases, the informal form is made by omitting & from -o¥/01@, but there are exceptions depending on the sentence style. 1 BASH OPE: BARR MSS Sinisiat Ble BE 2124 1/019" “RY MOI2'2| SEHOHAY ‘2's ‘SEAL! SEE SIO} OlHBS ofZ0| 4O)= r}0F'S Sel|ch, Declarative and Interrogative Sentences: The present and past tense forms of declarative and interrogative sentences in the informal form are made by removing & from the ends of -¥/012. and ~St/0 C12. The future tense form is made by adding 12)= 740} to the stem. 53 Korean Grammar iv 2/se -totermediatech ago} sic a oe oct 4o4 : wc Bok Fl ~(2)2 20) a/R 2) 70% aa flee 01 eiajolct eNstot ogo} aisgolct aoisiot oy ou reine ator “eho p aoc Bolot wc 7O%?, LI? ict aigioy?, BIL wc wi, aL? cover | ey 042, 21412 ise von, ict # ior, 2b 1LI2 a so 1 ict aig ior, 248 ALI? qo? aU? oleh ~—=—=«SIANLO}2, SIAL? olgiol?, ogi}? SAMOICE ——_StoIstON2, StOIRILI? ‘aujoict Ion, SIAL? A (HOF. (CDH? spyoict —__-agoro¥, etgo1Li2 (1) ‘OMICHS| BS SIH ‘OHLIOF, BIH OMIRION7E SILICH SESE CHELSE OH “US “S’OILt ‘OF, “OHLI2" =O 7t Buch O}LICH is written as OMLJOF for the present tense and as OfL|2404 for the past tense. When answering a question, or Of is used for Ui, and OfL is used for O12. 7 Bute] Bah wa? a uel SARL eA? Wanna 8 a movie onthe weekend? Ave you going to the Horry tomorow? ual ub oy, Ez lek, Sur, Sounds good. No, 'm nt going 7k OFM LARE Se-FOR? a 7ARME] Ae MIS AFRSLOR? Who was that just now? Is Kye American? ua) Baloo, Ub ofY, HIS ARTO] ooh, $7ahs AAeHelek My littl brother/sister No, she's not American. She's New Zealander. (2) O01 RIS AARON ABS UO, “LIPS RAO AS + St Ast EAL OPMABIOIAIS ASS + BUCH ‘While -0}/01? can be used with superiors and those older than you if you are on familiar terms with them, LI? cannot be used in such cases. a Neate eal00 me SH. 41a AY? / eel? ‘Sezun: Beomsu, are you reading a book now? Be Sa ol, Beomsu: Yeah, I'm reading a book (Saat Ut Aol) Bh, Ae aH? (0) / 4B BHI? (x) Little Brother: Sis, what ae you doing now? sup 2 glo], Big Sister: Reading a book. nN BSE: 120i] “O/B SOlAL} -O/OjarS BALI. SY BBLS —Al of ee aI ofr BUCH Imperative Sentences: For imperative sentences, either ~0{/0| or 01/042 is added to the verb stem. To make @ negative imperative sentence, either —X| OF or ~X! af2tis used. = =01/04, 7k} 74 7 we ~ot/01et eich Yo}, Sofa ‘s =X! af, 7c 24K] Ob, 7131 OFF = me Al ofa eich SHR] Of Six] oF 7 MIZE QU 7 PAL IAL 7E / 7H 7k USES Sea) OF, / A) Oh, Its raining, so take an umbrella, Don't be late tomorrow. u Uste}, 77122 2, Ub al, eh Sal, (Okay. I take one Okay. | won't be late Alea -O/ONE 7PAS MAMOIME ABS 4 QOL! -O}/Ol@F= AB + SSLICL 3, -OvoIar SE CHASE SHS SCHL] LYO[L} AFSIEY PIR OY/oF AC} cy OF=HRILICH, ‘Note that while -0}/0{ can be used when talking with those older than you or superior in social rank if they are close acquaintances, ~0}/0j2} cannot be used in such cases. In other words, —0}/02t is used with those younger or of a more inferior social status when compared to those with whom -O}/01 can be used. (SAsB} Lat AfO|) SY 2h, oll 7S A (0) / HBA Feb. (x) Little Sister: Big Brother, teach me (how to do) this. Suh eH, 7A Bail, Big Brother: Okay. I'l teach you. 60 Korean Grammar i Y¥ése «intermediate