SL.

NO NAME USN

ELEMENTS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

EVENT-II

SEMINAR REPORT ON

TYPES OF ENERGY METERS

SUBMITTED TO

LAKITH G

Assistant Professor

Dept of E&EE

JSSS&TU (Formerly SJCE), Mysuru

Academic Year: 2020-21

TYPES OF ENERGY METER
An electricity meter is a device which measures the total electrical energy (or electricity)

consumed by the appliances which draw electrical energy from the main power supply at

a house or an official space and so on

Types of electricity meters

With the advancement of technology, like any other gadget, the energy meter had also

been undergoing continuous development towards accuracy, low power consumption,

transfer of data, measuring parameters, anti-tempering features etc. and called

Electromechanical, Electronic, Smart, dual register smart meter etc.

1. Electromechanical energy meter

2. Electronic energy meter

3. Automated energy meter

4. Smart energy meter

5. Digital energy meter

Electro-Mechanical Energy Meters

As their name suggest, Electro-Mechanical Energy Meters are the combination of

Mechanical and Electrical Technology. A mechanical disk present inside the meter rotates

when the load applied. The speed of disk is directly proportional to the amount of load

applied. With the rotation of disk, dial of the Energy Meter increase its value.
There are two coils present in the diagram and in between these two coils a rotating disk

is present. One coil is current coil which is connected in series with load, that’s why it is

also called as series coil as well. Other coil is voltage coil connected in parallel, that’s

why it is called as shunt coil as well. When both coils are energized they will induce

eddy current in the disk. There is a copper shading band present above the disk which

gives 90

degrees’ phase shift eddy currents, which results in the rotation of disk.

There will be no rotation of the disk, if the switch is open. As soon as the switch will

close, current will start to flow which results in the voltage induction and hence the

rotation of the disk. The speed of the disk depends on the load applied. As heavy load

requires large current, thus when large current passes through the current coil, large

amount of eddy current will produce which will rotate the disk fast.

Breaking magnet is a permanent magnet which applies the force opposite to normal disc

rotation to move that disc at balanced position and to stop the disc while power is off.

Advantages of Electro-Mechanical Meters

Robustness: These meters are strong meters with respect to new energy meters. As

Digital Energy Meters have small and sensitive components, they can burn easily with
any stray jerk of voltage. On the other hand, Disk meters can endure those voltage

fluctuations. Moreover, coils present in disk meters are tough and cannot easily be

destroyed.

Mechanical Dial of Energy Meter: Readings of the dial of Electro-mechanical Energy

Meter is pretty hard to alter. So, its dial can be also taken as advantage of

Electromechanical meters.

No use of battery: Whenever battery of the digital meter dies or power turns off due to

any reason, reading of meter will be vanished. But readings of disk meter will be always

present due to Mechanical dial present on it.

Disadvantages of Electro-Mechanical Meters

Future up-gradation: There is no chance of future enhancement in these kinds of

Energy Meters. They are what they are, you cannot improve it or include anymore

innovation in it.

Accuracy limits: Disk meters mostly gives class 2 accuracy.

ELECTRONIC ENERGY METER:
Like other energy meters that measures the amount of electric energy consumed by a
building, tenant space, or electrically powered equipment. Electronic Energy Meter is
based on
 Digital Micro Technology (DMT) and uses no moving parts. So the EEM is known as
“Static Energy Meter” In EEM the accurate functioning is controlled by a specially
designed IC

called ASIC (Application Specified Integrated Circuit). ASIC is constructed only for
specific applications using embedded system technology. In addition to measuring energy
used,

electronic meters can also record other parameters of the load and supply such as
instantaneous and maximum rate of usage demands, voltages, power factor and reactive
power used etc.

Simple Block Diagram Of Electronic Energy Meter Shown Above:

Generally the meter has a power supply, a metering engine, a processing and
communication engine (i.e. a microcontroller), and other add-on modules such as a real
time clock (RTC), a liquid crystal display to display power consumed.

The basic Electronic Energy meter senses the current and voltage which signals from the
circuitry, converts them in to the digital signal and makes necessary calculations to get
the units of electrical energy which has been consumed in lcd panel.

The meters can be digital or analog .

In analog meters, power is converted proportional to frequency or pulse rate and it is

integrated by counters placed in it . The output of ASIC is available as pluses by led.

In digital meters, power is directly measured by high end processors .The power is
integrated by logic circuits to get energy and also for testing and calibration purpose. It

is then converted to frequency and pulse. The output is available in the form of pulse
indicated by led/lcd. pulses equal to (kWh/units).

Both the meters starts measuring instantaneously when connected to the load.

Advantages Of Electronic Energy Meters:

Accuracy: These are accurate, high precision and reliable types of measuring instruments
compared to conventional mechanical meters.

Ease of Measurement: With use of modern digital signal processors, it is possible to make
complex calculations in a simpler way. In digital display

Security: It eliminates the risk of tampering with the meter and provides efficient way of
calculating the energy units.

Added Features: Consumes less power and starts measuring instantaneously when
connected to the load digital display.

Stability: The components used are not prone to mechanical wear and tear like their electro
mechanical parts and are hence more stable and last longer.

EEM improves the cost and quality of electricity distribution.

• Low current performance.

 • Low voltage performance.

• Difficult to temper.

Disadvantages Of Electronic Energy Meters:

• Errors due to the incorrect magnitude of fluxes.

• Incorrect magnitudes of fluxes.

• Incorrect phase angles.

.AUTOMATED ENERGY METER

Automatic Meter Reading System (AMR) is the remote collection of consumption

data from customers’ utility like Electric meters using radio frequency, telephony,
power-line or satellite communications technologies and process the data t o generate
the bill

Automated Energy Meter

• Automated energy meter is generally an electronic energy with a communication
module that helps the meter to communicate directly with the service provider.

• It has a digital signal processor or high performance microprocessor .

• It also has voltage and current transducers connected to a high resolution

ADC.

• Real time clock for real time energy consumption calculation, maximum
demand calculation and also date and time stamp for particular parameters.

• LCD module for display purpose.The IR Receiver contains three PIN and was
connected with VDD, VSS and the pin8 of the microcontroller

Microprocessor also calculates phase angle between voltage and current, so that it also
measures and indicates reactive power. It is programmed in such a way that it calculates
energy according to the tariff and other parameters like power factor, maximum demand,
etc and stores all these values in a non volatile memory EEPROM.
It contains real time clock (RTC) for calculating time for power integration, maximum
demand calculations and also date and time stamps for particular parameters. Furthermore it
interacts with liquid crystal display (LCD), communication devices and other meter
outputs. Battery is provided for RTC and other significant peripherals for backup power.

The AMR circuit diagram

Advantages
• Smart automated processes instead of manual work

• Accurate information from the network load to optimise maintenance and investments

• Customized rates and billing dates.

• Streamlined high bill investigations.

• Detection of tampering of Meters.

• Accurate measurement of transmission losses.

CUSTOMER BENEFITS
• Precise consumption information

• Clear and accurate billing

• Automatic outage information and faster recovery

• Better and faster customer service

• Flag potential high consumption before customer gets a high bill.

What are the potential downsides to an automated meter
reading...
•Damage to meters. ...
•Vegetative overgrowth. ...
•Faulty meters. ... •Not “lifting the
lid” each month. ...
•Resistance from customers. ...

Smart Energy Meter

A smart meter is an electronic device that records consumption of electric
energy and communicates the information to the electricity supplier for monitoring and
billing. Smart meters typically record energy hourly or more frequently, and report at
least daily.

Smart meters enable two-way communication between the meter and the central system.
Such an advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) differs from automatic meter reading
(AMR)

in that it enables two-way communication between the meter and the supplier.
Communications from the meter to the network may be wireless, or via fixed wired
connections such as

power line carrier (PLC). Wireless communication options in common use include cellular
communications (which can be expensive), Wi-Fi (readily available), wireless ad hoc

networks over Wi-Fi, wireless energy networks, low power long range wireless ZigBee (low
power, low data rate wireless), and Wi-SUN (Smart Utility Networks).
It is an advanced metering technology involving placing intelligent meters to read, process
and feedback the data to customers. It measures energy consumption, remotely

switches the supply to customers and remotely controls the maximum electricity
consumption. Smart metering system uses the advanced metering infrastructure system
technology for better performance.
These are capable of communicating in both directions. They can transmit the data to the
utilities like energy consumption, parameter values, alarms, etc and also can receive

information from utilities such as automatic meter reading system, reconnect/disconnect

instructions, upgrading of meter software’s and other important messages.

Advantages-
o Eliminating manual meter reading o Monitoring the

electric system more quickly o Making it possible to use

power resources more efficiently o Offering more

detailed feedback on energy use o Enabling them to

 adjust their habits to lower electric bills o Reducing

blackouts and system-wide electric failures

Disadvantages-
o Some suppliers can’t support smart meters o In-Home

Display may be inaccurate

o It causes health problems like ear pain, anxiety and sleep

problems.

Digital Energy Meter

An electric meter or energy meter is an essential device that goes with consumption of
commercially distributed energy
.
An electric meter or energy meter is an essential device that goes with consumption of
commercially distributed energy. It

enables systematic pricing of energy consumed by individual consumer as it measures the

amount of electrical energy consumed by a residence, business, or an

electrically powered device .

Description

The block diagram for a digital energy meter is as shown in

the figure below, here two basic sensors are employed.
These are voltage and current sensors. The voltage sensor
is built around a step down element and potential divider
network and senses both the phase voltage and load
voltage. The current sensor senses the current drawn by the
load at any point in time. It is built around a current
transformer and other active devices (such as voltage
comparator) which
convert the sensed current to voltage for processing. The
output from both sensors is then fed into a signal (or
voltage) conditioner which ensures matched voltage or
signal level to the control circuit, it also contain a signal
multiplexer which enable sequential switching of both
signal to
the analogue input of the peripheral interface controller
(PIC). The control circuit centered on a PIC integrated
circuit. The PIC is selected because it contain ten bit
analogue to digital converter
(ADC), very flexible to program and good for peripheral
interfacing.
Description

The ADC converts the analogue signals to its digital equivalent; both signals from the
voltage

and current sensors are then multiplied by the means of embedded software in the PIC.
Here the

error correction is taken as the offset correction by determining the value of the input
quality

with short-circuited input and storing this value in the memory for use as the correction
value

device calibration. The PIC is programmed in C language. Such that apart from the
multiplier

circuit it simulates, it is able to use the received data to calculate power consumption
per hour, as

well as the expected charges. These are displayed on the liquid crystal display attached
to the Circuit.
THANK YOU