KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA, IIT CAMPUS, CHENNAI – 36

CLASS : X ONLINE CLASS NOTES DATE: 04/08/2020

LN - 5 : METALS AND NON-METALS : Key points – 4

1. Valency : Number of electrons present in the outermost shell.
2. Metals – Ready to lose their electrons – Electropositive in nature
3. Non – Metals – Ready to gain the electrons – Electronegative in nature.
4. FORMATION OF NaCl :
a) Na – Electronic configuration – 2, 8, 1 – ( lose e- - Na – cation)
b) Cl – Electronic configuration – 2, 8, 7 – ( gain e- - Cl – Anion)
c) These elements are oppositely charged, attract each other and held by
Strong Electrostatic forces of attraction.

5. FORMATION OF MgCl2
a) Mg – Electronic Configuration – 2,8,2 (Mg – cation)
b) Cl – Electronic Configuration – 2,8,7 ( Cl – anion)

6. The compounds formed in this manner by the transfer of electrons from a

metal to a non-metal are known as ionic compounds or electrovalent
compounds.
7. PROPERTIES OF IONIC COMPOUNDS:
a) Physical Nature : Ionic compounds are solids, but brittle – break into
pieces.
b) MP & BP : Ionic compounds have high melting point and boiling point –
considerable amount of energy required to break strong inter-ionic
attraction.
c) Solubility : Ionic compounds are generally soluble in water and insoluble in
kerosene, petrol etc.
d) Conduction of electricity : Ionic compounds in solid state – do not conduct
electricity. But it conducts electricity in molten state – ions move freely.