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DATA AND DATABASE MANAGEMENT (PART 2)
Database Management
WHAT IS A DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (DBMS)?
• A DBMS is a technology tool that directly supports data
management. It is a package designed to define, manipulate, and
manage data in a database.
• Organizations use Database Management Systems (or DBMS) to
help them effectively manage their data and derive relevant
information out of it.
• Some well-known DBMSs are Microsoft SQL Server, Microsoft
Access, Oracle, SAP, and others.
ADVANTAGES OF DBMS
1. Better Data Transferring
• Database management creates a place where users have an
advantage of more and better-managed data. Thus, making it
possible for end-users to have a quick look and to respond fast
to any changes made in their environment.
2. Better Data Security
• As the number of users increases, data transfer or data
sharing rate also increases, thus increasing the risk of data
security. It is widely used in the corporate world, where
companies invest large amounts of money, time, and effort to
ensure data is secure and is used properly.
• A Database Management System (DBMS) provides a better
platform for data privacy and security policies; thus, helping
companies to improve Data Security.
3. Better data integration
• Due to the Database Management System, access to well
managed and synchronized form of data becomes available;
thus, it makes data handling very easy and gives an integrated
view of how a particular organization is working and also helps
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FUNCTIONS OF DBMS
• The DBMS can provide a convenient and efficient interface for
storing, retrieving, and updating data, and for extracting useful
information from the database, and a clear and logical view of the
process that manipulates the data.
• Data Independence: DBMS maintains the segregation between
the program and the data.
• Concurrency Control. This refers to a process to ensure that data
is updated correctly and appropriately when more than one person
is accessing the data
• Recovery Services. This refers to mechanisms for the recovery
of data that is lost due to system crashes
• Utility Services: An initialization and maintenance operations on
a database.
• Manipulation of data. It tells us that we can create, retrieve,
update, and delete (CRUD) our data within the DBMS.
• Database definition. Metadata describes the contents of your
database. This is data that describes another data in terms of its
constraints, size, and the data type of the tables or the databases
that are contained within your DBMS.
• Data Processing. This allows the user to perform different types
of operations such as string manipulation, date operations, and so
on. You can also manipulate the data based on an event or what
they call 'triggers' which is based on the event or the conditions of
the event.
• Data sharing. This means that within a database, privileges are
provided to different types of users. Different types of users can
access the same database, but the same users can have different
privileges.
COMPONENTS OF DBMS
1. Interface
• The interface is responsible for interacting with the user. It is
also called the "middleman" as it communicates between two
different parties: the end-user, which is you, and the database
management systems.
• The interface allows the end-user to input values that will be
understood by the database management system. It is also
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to keep track of how one segment of the company affects other
segments.
4. Minimized Data Inconsistency
• Data inconsistency occurs between files when different
versions of the same data appear in different places.
5. Faster data access
• The Database management system (DBMS) helps to
produce quick answers to database queries, thus making
data accessing faster and more accurate. For example, to
read or update the data. For example, end-users, when
dealing with large amounts of sale data, will have enhanced
access to the data, enabling a faster sales cycle.
• Some queries may be like:
- What is the increase of the sale in last three months?
- What is the bonus given to each of the salespeople in the
last five months?
- How many customers have a credit score of 850 or more?
6. Better decision making
• Due to DBMS now, we have Better managed data and
Improved data accessing because of which we can generate
better quality information; hence on this basis, better decisions
can be made.
• Better data quality improves accuracy, validity, and time it
takes to read data. DBMS does not guarantee data quality. It
provides a framework to make it is easy to improve data
quality.
7. Increased end-user productivity
• The data which is available with the help of the combination of
tools that transform data into useful information helps end-
users to make quick, informative, and better decisions that can
make a difference between success and failure in the global
economy.
8. Simple
• Database management system (DBMS) gives a simple and
clear logical view of data. Many operations like insertion,
deletion, or creation of files or data are easy to implement.
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responsible for receiving and providing the results of the
queries or the commands that the end-user issued.
2. Parser
• The parser is responsible for checking the correctness of the
syntax that was provided by the end-user through the
interface. So, it also checks the tables and other objects in the
query.
3. Query Optimizer
• If the parsing is correct and proper, then it will proceed to what
we call the query optimizer. The query optimizer comes from
the root word 'optimize', which means it simplifies the query
form or the input into a simpler type of input that can be
digested and can be understood by the database
management system. This allows the DBMS to save time and
save space when performing operations.
Figure 1. Components of DBMS
4. Execution Engine
• The next one is the execution engine. Its main responsibility is
to execute the output of the query optimizer. Once the query
has been optimized, then it will pass the data or the optimized
query to the execution engine, whose sole purpose is to
execute the command.
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5. Storage data duplication. Examples of DBMS include Access, Oracle,

• Storage is the physical location of the database, which can be IBM's DB2, and SQL Server.
the secondary or the primary memory. 4. Database
The final component of a database system is the database
Components of Database Systems itself. This is the space in the disk or computer where the data
are stored.
1. Users
• The users of a database system are the database
administrator, system developer, and end-user.
- A database administrator (DBA) is the person responsible
for all the data resources in an organization. The DBA
uses tools that come with a DBMS to improve the
productivity and performance of database planning and
design
- The system developers are those groups of people who
create the application programs that cater to the user
requirements. And, they use their tools to write programs
that communicate with the DBMS.
- Finally, the end-users in an organization are the ones that
can add, update, and delete data in a database through
application programs or directly through a DBMS. They
use the application program to accomplish their day-to-
day tasks.
Figure 2. Components of database systems
2. Database Application
• The next component of the database system is the database
application. This is a computer program that allows users to REFERENCES:
manipulate the data in a DBMS through a user-friendly Components of database management systems. Retrieved from:
interface. https://www.dataentryoutsourced.com/blog/components-of-a-database-
management-system/.
• It can be divided into four broad categories: Personal which is Dixon, K. (2020). Introduction to databases. Retrieved from:
restricted to a single user; Departmental which is referenced http://www.techopedia.com/6/28832/enterprise/databases/introduction-
by hundreds of users over a shared system or network; databases#fundamental-database-concepts.
Enterprise which extensions of departmental applications Evans, J. (2017). Business analytics: Methods, models, and decision (2nd ed.). Pearson
Education Limited.
involving thousands of users; and the Internet, which is the Functions of Database management systems. Retrieved from:
largest form of information sharing where billions of users are http://www.myreadingroom.co.in/notes-and-studymaterial/65-dbms/465-
involved. functions-of-dbms.html.

3. Database Management System (DBMS)

• The DBMS decouples application programs from data. The
databases store all their data in one location, thereby limiting
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