KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA, IIT CAMPUS, CHENNAI – 36

CLASS : X ONLINE CLASS NOTES DATE: 07/09/2020

LN – 7 : CARBON AND ITS COMPOUNDS: Key points – 3
I. Chemical properties of Carbon compounds:
1. COMBUSTION : Carbon + Oxygen  Heat and light
 C + O2  CO2 + Heat + Light
 CH3CH2OH + O2  CO2 + H2O + Heat + Light
 Saturated HC – Clean flame, Unsaturated HC – Yellow sooty flame.
2. OXIDATION : Alcohol converted into Carboxylic acid (CH3COOH)

3. ADDITION REACTION: Hydrogenation of vegetable oil.

 Unsaturated HC + Hydrogen (presence of Catalysts – Palladium / Nickel)
 Saturated HC


4. SUBSTITUTION REACTION:
 Saturated HC (inert) + Chlorine (presence of sunlight)  Fast reaction.
 Chlorine can replace the Hydrogen atoms one by one.
 CH4 + Cl2  CH3Cl
II. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ETHANOL & ETHANOIC ACID:
ETHANOL ETHANOIC ACID
It is liquid at room temperature with It is liquid at room temperature with
pleasant smell. pungent smell ( vinegar )
It does not freeze in water. It freezes in winter ( at 17oC)
It is also known as spirit / alcohol / Pure It is also known as glacial acetic acid/
alcohol - Absolute alcohol (poisonous) Carboxylic acid / weak acid
It evaporates when temperature raises It does not evaporate
Melting point -156 K, Boiling point – Melting point -290 K, Boiling point –
351K 391K
It is used in medicines – tincture iodine, 5-8% solution of acetic acid – Vinegar.
cough syrup and tonics.