KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA, IIT CAMPUS, CHENNAI – 36

CLASS : X ONLINE CLASS NOTES DATE: 03/09/2020

LN – 7 : CARBON AND ITS COMPOUNDS: Key points – 2

1. Carbon chains :
 Eg: 1 – C4H10  C – C – C – C  Satisfy their valencies

 Eg: 2 – C4H10 
2. Carbon branches :
 Eg : 1 – C6H12  Cyclohexane
 Eg : 2 – C6H6  Benzene
3. STRUCTURAL ISOMERS – Identical formula but different structures.
4. HYDRO CARBONS – Carbon compound which contain Carbon and
Hydrogen.
5. ALKANES - Hydrocarbons with single bond
6. ALKENES – Hydrocarbons with double bond
7. ALKYNES – Hydrocarbons with triple bond
8. HALOGENS (Salt former) – 6 non-metallic elements – (F, Cl, Br, I) – 17th
group in Periodic Table
9. Carbon also bond with halogens, oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur
10. Heteroatom (Functional group) - One or more Hydrogen can be replaced
to satisfy the Valency.
11. Functional group of Oxygen  -OH (Alcohol), –CHO (Aldehyde),
-C=O ( Ketone) –COOH ( Carboxylic acid)
12. HOMOLOGOUS SERIES : A series of compounds in which the same
functional group substitutes for Hydrogen in a carbon chain. Eg : CH4 
C2 H6  C3 H8  ?
13. General formula : Alkanes – Cn+H2n+2, Alkene Cn+H2n, Alkynes – Cn+H2n-2
14. Alkanes - CH4  C2H6  C3H8  ?
15. Alkenes – C2H2  C3H6 C4H8 ?
16. Alkynes – C2H2 C3H4  C4H6  ?
17. Methane  Ethane  Propane  Butane  Pentane  Hexane
18. Methene  Ethene  Propene  Butene  Pentene  Hexene
19. Methyne  Ethyne  Propyne  Butyne  Pentyne  Hexyne