M3 Theories and Principles in the Use

and Design of Technology-Driven

Technology-Driven Learning Lessons
.

“Learners in the internet age don’t need more information. They need to know how to
efficiently use the massive amount of information available at their fingertips -- to
determine what’s credible, what’s relevant, and when it’s useful to reference.”
- Anna Sabramowicz
 Lessons in this Module
01.
Dale’s Cone
of Experience

02.
TPACK Framework for
Effective Pedagogical

03.
Practice

The ASSURE Model

 Objectives

01 Understand Dale’s Cone

of Experience 02 Know different
instructional tools

03 Understand and describe the

Technological Pedagogical
Content Knowledge (TPACK)
04 Understand the concept
of ASSURE Model
 Dale’s Cone
01 of Experience
 Reporters

Blancada, A. Berame, K. Dangoy, H.

Edgar Dale
• a significant contributor to the field of
educational technology

• explained that the Cone of Experience and the

importance of direct experience for effective
communication and learning
 Dale’s Cone of Experience
A framework that combines theories
related to instructional design and
learning processes.

He emphasized that learners retain

more information by what they “do”
as opposed to what is “heard,”
“read,” or “observed”.

In other words, it is “learning by

Its composed of
doing”, also known for “experiential
hydrogen and learning” or “action learning”.
helium
Edgar Dale’s Cone of Experience
gives the following interpretation:
1. Lower levels of the Cone
involve the student as a
participant and encourage
active learning.
2. Pictures are remembered
better than verbal
propositions.
3. The upper levels of the Cone
need more instructional support
than lower levels.
4. Abstractness increases as we
go up the Cone, and
concreteness increases as we go
down the Cone.
5. Higher levels compress
information and provide data
faster for those who can
process it.
What are these bands of experience in Dale’s Cone of Experience?
01 Direct Purposeful Experience
-- Purposeful means interactions of one intent are meaningful. Skills we gained
in real life through our first-hand, direct involvement.
 02 Contrived Experiences
-- When the real thing cannot be accurately observed, artificial stimuli can be
given as a working model or as specific experiments in the laboratory.
-- We may delete the needless information in a condensed and edited version of
the real thing, and make the learning simple.

➢ Model ➢ Mock-up
- A smaller scale 3D - A design or product
replica of the that showcases the
original thing or said product, but is
structure. not functional.
 02 Contrived Experiences
➢ Object
- A material that can
be touched or seen.

➢ Specimen ➢ Simulation
- A part or quantity of - A representation of
material that will be something that mimics an
used for testing, operation to test different
examination, or analysis changes or scenarios
03 Dramatized Experience
They should use an effective
teaching method. And this are some
examples of dramatized experience
(FORMAL PLAYS, PAGEANTS TO LESS
FORMAL TABLEAU, PANTOMIME, PUPPET,
AND ROLE PLAYING).
 03 Dramatized Experience
➢ Formal Play ➢ Pageants
- Depict life, character, or culture or - A beauty pageants or beauty contest is
a combination of all three. a competition that has traditionally
focused on judging and ranking the
physical attributes of the contestants.
 03 Dramatized Experience
➢ Tableau
- A tableau (a French word which means
picture) is a picture – like scene
composed of people against a background.
A tableau is often used to celebrate
Independence Day, Christmas, and United
Nations Day.
➢ Pantomime
- A pantomime is the “art of conveying
a story through bodily movements only”.
Its effect on the audience depends on
the movements of the actors.
 03 Dramatized Experience
➢ Puppet
- Unlike the regular stage play, can present ideas with extreme
simplicity – without elaborate scenery or costume – yet effectively.
Types of Puppets
▪ Shadow Puppets

– Puppets are made of animal skin

and sticks. Puppeteer performs from
the back of a white cloth with light
at the back of puppets.
 03 Dramatized Experience
▪ Rod Puppets ▪ Glove and Finger Puppets
- This puppet is similar to a hand - A puppet that fits over the hand like
puppet because the puppeteer places his a glove and is moved by fingers and hand
or her hand in puppet to move the mouth. of its wearer: Hand puppet.
Rods are also attached to the puppet to
bring movement to the arms.
 03 Dramatized Experience
▪ Marionettes
- A marionette is a puppet controlled
from above using wires or strings
depending on regional variations.
➢ Role Playing
- role playing is when you pretend that
your friend is your boss and you have a
practice conversation in which you ask
for a raise.
- Role playing is defined as pretending
to be someone else or pretending to be
in a specific situation that you are not
actually in at the time.
 04 Demonstrations
- A mathematical proof. The definition of demonstration is a proof or example of
something. When protesters get together to show their presence and support,
this is an example of a demonstration. When a child shows the class how his
science project works, this is an example of a demonstration.
- It is a visualized explanation of an important fact, idea or process by the
use of photographs, drawings, films, displays or guided motions.
 05 Study Trips
- A trip or tour taken by a group of people in order to study something, such as
a language.
• Business schools empha – size that a study tour is not a holiday.
• He conducted library study tours and advisory visits to 44 countries.
• However, no study tour year was ever canceled due to these incidents
except the 2003 year.
• She made this an opportunity to take an extended architectural study tour.
- These are excursion, educational trips, and visits conducted to observe an
event that is unavailable within the classroom.
 06 Exhibits
- Include documents, photographs, physical objects, emails, text messages, audio
tapes and videos. Not all documents presented as evidence will be marked as an
exhibit. Only those items that the court deems as relevant will be marked as
evidence and placed into evidence.

- Exhibit is when a dog bites and is said to show aggression. The definition of
an exhibit is a collection of art or objects on display for the public to see.
An example of exhibit is a collection of paintings hanging in an art gallery for
a special art show.

- There are displays to be seen by spectators. They may consist of working models
arranged meaningfully or photographs with models, charts, and posters.
06 Exhibits
 07 Television and Motion Pictures
- Television and motion pictures can reconstruct the reality of the past so
effectively that we are made to feel we are there.
 08 Still Pictures, Recordings, Radio
✓ Audio and Visual materials that help concretize verbal abstraction.
✓ One-dimensional
 09 Visual Symbols
✓ concepts that describe something intangible by association and something that
reflects or stands for something else, usually by association or by way of
definition of something abstract.
✓ (e.g., charts, maps, diagrams, sketches, posters, comics, photos, drawings on
blackboards, and illustrations.)

▪ Drawings
- is essentially a technique in which images are depicted on a surface by making lines,
though drawings can also contain tonal areas, washes and other non-linear marks.
 09 Visual Symbols
▪ Cartoons
✓ a simple drawing showing the features of its subjects in a humorously exaggerated
way, especially a satirical one in a newspaper or magazine.
 09 Visual Symbols
▪ Strip Drawings
✓ It is a series of adjacent, typically horizontally organized images which are intended
to be read as a narrative or a sequential sequence.
 09 Visual Symbols
❑ Diagrams
✓ It is any line drawing that shows arrangement and relations as of parts to the whole,
relative values, origins and development, chronological fluctuations, distributions,
etc. ( Dale, 1969).

Types of Diagrams
▪ Affinity Diagram
o used to cluster
complex apparently
unrelated data
into natural and
meaningful groups.
 Types of Diagrams
▪ Tree Diagram
o is a modern method for
planning management that
defines the hierarchy of
tasks and subtasks
required to complete and
be objective.
 Types of Diagrams
▪ Fishbone Diagram
o often referred to as the cause-and-effect diagram or Ishikawa diagram is a
visualization method for categorizing the possible causes of the root cause of
the issue.
 09 Visual Symbols
❑ Charts
✓ It is a diagrammatic representation of individual connections within an
organization.
Types of Charts ▪ Tree or Stream Chart
▪ Time Chart o shows creation,
o a tabular growth and
time diagram change starting
displaying with a simple
data in course
ordinal spreading out
series over several
branches
 Types of Charts
▪ Flow Chart ▪ Organizational Chart
o visual way of showing a process o shows how one part of the company
from beginning to end. applies to other sections.
 Types of Charts
▪ Comparison and Contrast Chart
o shows similarities and differences
▪ Pareto Chart
o is a type of bar chart, prioritized
from left to right in decreasing
order of magnitude or importance.
 09 Virtual Symbols
▪ Gantt Chart
o a project management tool assisting in
the planning and scheduling of
projects of all sizes.
❑ Graphs
o is a type of bar chart, prioritized
from left to right in decreasing
order of magnitude or importance.
Types of Graphs
▪ Circle Graph
o a visual representation of data made
by dividing a circle into sectors that
each represent parts of a whole.
 Types of Graphs
▪ Bar Graphs
o Using to compare the magnitude
of the same things at different
relations or to see the relative
sizes of the entire pieces.
▪ Pictorial Graphs
o It uses icons or pictures in
relative sizes to highlight some
data patterns and trends.
 09 Visual Symbols
▪ Graphic Graphs
o known as knowledge map, idea map, story map,
cognitive organizer, advance organizer, or
idea diagram, this is a pedagogical method
that uses visual symbols to communicate
knowledge and concepts through interactions
between them.
❑ Maps
✓ Is a reflection of the earth's
surface or a part there of.
Types of Maps
▪ Physical Maps
o A map of the locations of identifiable
landmarks on chromosomes. (e.g.,
altitude, temperature, precipitation,
rainfall, vegetation, and soil.)
 Types of Graphs
▪ Relief Maps
o a three dimensional represents and
shows contours of the physical data of
the earth or part of the earth.
▪ Political Maps
o display the geographical boundaries
between units of government, such as
nations, states, and countries.
 09 Visual Symbols
❑ Poster
o a large printed picture, photograph, or notice that you stick or pin to a wall or
board, usually for decoration or to advertise something.
 10 Verbal Symbols
➢ may be a phrase, an idea, a concept, a scientific theory, a formula, a
philosophical aphorism, or some other representation of the experience
listed in any verbal symbolization
Dale’s Cone of Experience as a tool to help my students build learning
experiences.
 The Cone of Experience crresponds with three (3) significant
modes of learning:

01 Enactive (direct 02 Iconic (pictorial 03 Symbolic (highly

experience) experience) abstract experience)
- includes working - includes reading - involves reading or
with objects. The photos and sketches. hearing symbols. In
enactive perception Iconic perception is symbolic experience, the
requires direct separated from the world action is removed nearly
action and effective of science and limited altogether, and the
to two or three senses. experience is limited to
use of the senses and
thoughts and ideas.
the body.
THANKS
for
listening