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Abstract
This research was conducted during 2010 in controlled environmental conditions as two step pro-
duction of wild rose rootstock. The aim of this study was to determine growth and development of
wild rose at two different growth media, to preserve genotype characteristics and to shorten a mul-
tiplication time of virus-free plant material. Plants were cultivated on two different growth media.
The first medium contained two hormones BAP (6-Benzylaminopurine) and IBA (Indole-3-butyric
acid), and the second contained just hormone BAP. Plants that were grown on these growth me-
dia were transplanted in commercial substrate and treated with biostimulant Radifarm® by watering.
Investigated parameters were shoot number, stem height, root length and stem and root mass. The
results showed that addition of BAP hormone alone in the growth medium resulted in significantly
longer stems, but it had no influence on shoot number. Application of the biostimulant had positive
effect on shoot number and root weight. Investigation shows how the biostimulant application in R.
canina transplants production improves growth and development of root and above-ground mass
which is important for faster plant adaptation on stress during transplanting.
Introduction
The usage of Rosa canina plant is various therefore it found its place in culinary, decorating, cos-
metic industry, horticulture and as medicinal plant. The most commonly used part of the plant for its
medicinal properties is the fruit which are well known to contain a large amount of vitamin C which
is antioxidant (Daels-Rakotoarison et al., 2002; Kilicgun et al., 2009). Thus it is considered to be an
astringent, carminative, diuretic, laxative, ophthalmic and tonic. Besides being used for its medicinal
properties, wild roses found a place in floriculture as rootstock for grafting or breeding of cultivated
species of roses. A modern method of tissue culture provides faster reproduction of wild rose’s root-
stocks and thus shortened breeding time to one year. The aim of this study was to determine growth
and development of wild rose at two different growth media, to preserve genotype characteristics and
to shorten a multiplication time of virus-free plant material.
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variant (B). The first variant of growth medium contained hormone BAP (6-benzyl aminopurine) in
the concentration of 0.5 mg/l and hormone IBA (Indole-butyric acid) in the concentration of 0.1 mg/l,
while the other variant of growth medium contained only the BAP hormone in concentration of 0.5
mg/l. Flasks were kept in a chamber under controlled conditions at temperature of 20°C and under ar-
tificial illumination, sixteen hours of light («day») and eight hours of darkness («night»). When plants
consumed all medium for their growth and development, they were transplanted in containers with
substrate of manufacturer Fruhstorfer Erde, Premium Blumenerde. Before transplanting the plants
were immersed in a 0.3% solution of fungicides based on captan to ensure resistance to the disease
after transplantation. Forty plants from each variant (BI and B) were transplanted in four repetitions
representing treatment and control. Treatment with biostimulant Radiafarm® in the concentration
of 0,25% was carried out immediately after the transplantation and each following week. Radiafarm®
belongs to a group of biostimulants containing glucosides (energy growth factors) and amino-acids
(arginine and asparagine) which stimulate root development. A month later each of the plants were
transplanted in a separate container where its development and Radiafarm® treatment was continued.
During the transplantation the number of plants that have failed to adapt to substratum was recorded.
When the plants were sufficiently developed for permanent transplantation, stem and root length and
mass were recorded.
Research was performed as a split-split-plot experiment with factors: A) growths medium and B)
treatment. Following parameters were examined in this study: influence of different growth media and
biostimulants on shoot number, stem height and weight and root length and mass. Acquired results
were statistically processed using variance analysis with the SAS 9.0 program.
The root mass was significantly higher in the medium with just BAP hormone than in the me-
dium containing both the BAP and IBA (p = 0.01). The treatment with biostimulant also showed a
significant difference of root mass compared to control plants (p = 0.01). The greatest root mass was
observed on plants grown on the medium with only BAP hormone and treated with the biostimulant
(21.010 g), while the smallest root mass was observed in plants grown on the medium containing both
BAP and IBA hormones (15.670 g), and belonged to the control (Table 1). The root mass of plants
grown on the medium with BAP hormone was 17.94% greater than the root mass of the plants grown
on the medium with both hormones. Plants treated with the biostimulant had 13.96% greater root
mass than control plants. Similar results were presented by Vinković et al. (2009). in whose research
the largest root mass of tomato were recorded in plants treated with biostimulant Radifarm®.
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Influence of medium on growth and development of wild rose in vitro
In the study of Parađiković et al. (2009) the annual flower types treated with biostimulant Radifarm®
gave greater weight of seedlings compared to untreated.
Table 1. Influence of the hormones and the biostimulant on shoot number and root fresh mass of wild rose
Shoot number
Growth medium Treatment Interactions
LSD
(A) (B) AxB
0,01 ns ns 0,9965
0,05 ns 0,1306 0,5553
Root mass
Growth medium Treatment Interactions
LSD
(A) (B) AxB
0,01 0,8996 1,1542 ns
0,05 0,4901 0,7619 ns
BI* - Gowth medium with BAP (6-benzil aminopurine) and IBA (Indole-3-butyric acid) hormones
B** - growth medium with BAP (6-benzil aminopurine) hormone
ns = non significant
In this study, stem length was significantly influenced by the growth medium containing just BAP
hormone (p = 0.01), while the treatment with biostimulant did not significantly influence this proper-
ty. Maximum stem length, 18.5 cm, therefore was recorded on plants grown on the medium with BAP
hormone, while the minimum stem length, 15.8 cm, was recorded on plants grown on the growth me-
dium containing both BAP and IBA hormones (Table 2). Stem length in plants grown on the medium
with BAP hormone was 12.45% higher than the plants grown on the medium with both hormones.
Significantly higher stem length was recorded on control plants grown on the medium with just BAP
hormone compared to control plants grown on the medium with hormones BAP and IBA (p = 0.05).
Stem mass was significantly influenced by the growth media with BAP hormone (p = 0.01), while
the treatment with the biostimulant did not significantly influence this property. The highest stem
weight 47.983 g was recorded on the plants grown on the medium containing only BAP hormone and
belonged to the treatment with the biostimulant, while the lowest stem weight 30.960 g was recorded
on plants grown on the medium with BAP and IBA hormone and belonged to the control. Plants
grown on the growth medium containing just BAP hormone had 35.98% greater stem mass than the
once grown on the medium with both hormones. Plants treated with the biostimulant had 12.82%
greater stem mass than the control plants. Significantly higher stem weight was recorded in control
plants grown on the growth medium with BAP compared to control plants grown on the growth me-
dium with BAP and IBA hormones (p = 0.01).
Root length was not significantly influenced by either the hormone or the biostimulant.
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Table 2. Influence of the hormones and the biostimulant on stem length and stem fresh mass of wild rose
Shoot number
Growth medium Treatment Interactions
LSD
(A) (B) AxB
0,01 9,4723 ns ns
0,05 5,1602 ns ns
Root mass
Growth medium Treatment Interactions
LSD
(A) (B) AxB
0,01 1,7989 ns ns
0,05 0,9800 ns ns
BI* - Gowth medium with BAP (6-benzil aminopurine) and IBA (Indole-3-butyric acid) hormones
B** - growth medium with BAP (6-benzil aminopurine) hormone
ns = non significant
Conclusion
The results of investigation showed better development of plants that were cultivated on the growth
medium with BAP hormone alone, as those plants produced greater root and stem weight and greater
stem height. Application of the biostimulant had positive effect on shoot number and root weight.
Investigation shows how the biostimulant application in R. canina transplants production improves
growth and development of root and above-ground mass which is important for faster plant adapta-
tion on stress during transplanting.
References
Bressan PH, Kim YJ, Hyndman SE, Hasegawa PM, and Bressan RA. (1982) Factors affecting in vitro
propagation of rose. J. Amer. Soc. Hortic. Sci., 107, 979-990.
Daels-Rakotoarison DA, Gressier B, Trotin F, Brunet C, Luyckx M, Dine T, Bailleul F, Cazin M, Cazin,
J-C. (2002) Effects of Rosa canina fruit extract on neutrophil respiratory burst. Phytotherapy
Research; 16(2):157–161
Kilicgun Hasan, Dehen Altiner (2009) In vitro Antioxidant Effect of Rosa canina in Different
Antioxidant Test Systems. Phcog Res 2009;1:417-20
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Influence of medium on growth and development of wild rose in vitro
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