RESEARCH PAPER TEMPLATE

North American University

Education Department
M.Ed. in EDLE & CUIN 2022
EDUC 5324: INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGY INTO EDUCATION

Name:__Ibrahim Halil Cimen_____ Date: 11/28/2022__

Topic Selected:
What does the research say about the advantages and disadvantages of distance
education?

1. LITERATURE REVIEW: (250 Words)

What does the literature/research say about this issue/topic? By using NAU
Library or Online Search engines, conduct a literature review.
• You need to include 5 different sources (book, journal article, web article
etc.) in your review. Try to use current sources as much as possible.
• You need to summarize and synthesize your sources by discussing a
common theme or issue.
• You don't need to critique your sources
• You don't need to evaluate your sources (if the sources are trustworthy,
weather the author has a bias or not)
• You need to provide background information such as history and
definitions

Literature Review:
Teachers and students differ from each other in terms of time and space.All of the
practices carried out in environments where it is independent are defined as “distance
education” (Uluğ and Kaya, 1997).
According to Uşun (2006), most of the learning-teaching processes of distance education
have different sources and recipients in different environments and the age of the learning
group, learning purpose, place, and importance etc. It is the communication between the
source and the receiver, where written and printed tools, audio, audio-visual technologies
are used in the learning-teaching process, providing individuality, flexibility, and
independence in terms of individuality, flexibility and independence. It is a planned and
systematic educational technology application based on television and computer.
Distance learning has become a popular option for institutions and students seeking
online ways as a way of continuing their education.
If the advantages of online education compared to traditional education.
There is no time and place limitation from e-learning activities,
It offers students the opportunity to listen to a lecture in an instructor's classroom on the
other side of the world.
Availability of a computer connected to the internet for e-learning trainings
enough. Education costs are significantly reduced.
It provides interaction through materials such as video, animation and simulation.
 Fast communication through information, project sharing and discussion environments
(Gülbahar, 2009).
When the e-learning process is examined, less socialization in virtual environments is
counted as a limitation, as well as the supply of necessary technological tools for
education in e-learning environments and the necessity of using these tools can be
counted among the disadvantages.
Accessibility from far distance, time saving, flexibility and accessibility for disabled
people and who has family responsibilities (US Journal, 2014).
Research studies indicate that the students` achievement in distance education courses is
not significantly different than the students` achievement in traditional classrooms. It is a
great opportunity for rural school students by providing them alternative way to reach to
high quality courses and helping schools to overcome the disadvantages associate with
remoteness and geographical isolation (Barker & Hall, 1994).
It is also great alternative for students who are sick and hospitalized, gifted, traveling
with families and student who have problems in regular classroom (Mupinga, 2004)
Although cost saving should not be regarded as the number one reason for the
implementation of distance learning courses, there are significant long-term cost saving
opportunities. With distance learning tools, the school can increase the number of
students attending a class per a teacher.
Disadvantages of the distance education are:
Distance learning has limitations such as face to face interaction is lost in a distance
learning class; this causes the learners to feel isolated during the learning process.
Another limitation of distance learning is that it is harder for students to ask questions in
a distance learning class.
Social interaction is being minimize, same school administrators use system as to get rid
of problematic student, workload of instructional staff as opposed to face to face
classroom instruction (Mupinga, 2004).
Although resources are accessible every time, students should have full responsibilities
for proceeding with the course with a discipline.
According to the research paths, rules-based materials such as animation, video
and simulation in distance education courses should be made more efficient than
the education provided, although they include the usage frameworks.
2. REFLECTION: (250 Words)
• What is your personal opinion on this issue? Do you agree with the
research? If you agree or disagree, please explain why?
• Provide examples/experiences regarding this issue from school
perspective or If you are not working in a school, from your profession. Be
specific with your examples. You can mention software/hardware names,
specific methods that you plan to use, etc.
• How would you implement this research in your career? (At least 1
paragraph)

Reflection:
My personal opinion on the argument is that it does not seem possible to look at distance
education very warmly on its own. Because students also need socialization. Being in
front of the screen all the time can get boring after a while, or it can be completely
addictive to technological devices.
I think psychosocial support is very important. This should be provided to students and
parents. Screen time is a major issue. Fewer class hours need to be supplemented with
other activities.
Distance education brings its own advantages, disadvantages, and difficulties by the
nature of being away from traditional learning methods. I mostly agree with opinions of
the authors about advantages of distance learning.
Most of the authors believed that the loss of interaction with other students / teacher in
the classroom is one of the main disadvantages of distance education. Over the years,
technology has been growing fast and it makes our daily tasks and ability to communicate
with each other much easier. Instead of attending courses personally,
teachers and students can communicate at times of their convenience and choosing, and
exchange printed or electronic material through any suitable technology.
I can use distance learning in some areas of my subject such as assignments, tests and
research purposes.
As a result, both educational approaches have their own advantages and disadvantages.
As a teacher who has taught both face-to-face and online, I believe that one-to-one online
lessons (provided that the student is interested in the lesson) will be more beneficial for a
teacher who has blended experience and technology well. I recommend face-to-face
education for students who are not interested in the course. Because it is difficult to keep
such students in front of the screen. I think that face-to-face classes will be more
beneficial. I think that the student who will receive online education should be going to at
least 4th grade. For lower grades, it may be better if accompanied by a parent or a student
coach. Of course, these are my personal experiences. Situations vary from student to
student.
Face-to-face education and distance education needs to be blended very well. I think
the best education would be like this

3. REFERENCES:
• Cite at least 5 References in APA.
• You may use http://www.citationmachine.net/apa/cite-a-journal for citing
your sources in APA style.

References:

1. Barker, B. O., & Hall, R. F. (1994). Distance education in rural schools: Technologies
and practice.Journal of Research in Rural Education, 10(2), 126-128.

2. Figlio, D. , Rush, M. , & Yin, L. (2013). Is it live or is it internet? Experimental

estimates of the effects of online instruction on student learning. Journal of Labor
Economics, 31(4), 763–784.
3. Gulbahar, Y. (2009), Online Education. Ankara: Pegem Academy Publishing
4. Hodges, C., Moore, S., Lockee, B., Trust, T., & Bond, A. (2020). The difference
between emergency remote teaching and online learning. Educause Review, 27, 1-
12. https://medicine.hofstra.edu/pdf/faculty/facdev/facdev-article.pdf
5. Shachar, M. , & Neumann, Y. (2010). Twenty years of research on the academic
performance differences between traditional and distance learning: Summative meta‐
analysis and trend examination. MERLOT Journal of Online Learning and Teaching,
6(2), 318–334.
6. Uluğ, F. ve Kaya, Z.(1997). Online Education Approach in Elementary, Ankara:
Online Education Foundatition.
7. Uşun, S. (2006), Online Education. Ankara: Nobel Publish Distribution
8. Watson, G., & Sottile, J. (2010). Cheating in the digital age: Do students cheat more
in online courses? Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, 13(1). n. pag.
Web. http://www.westga.edu/~distance/ojdla/spring131/watson131.html.