Systematic Search Methods

There are several different methods used to search a crime scene systematically. The
advantage of using these methods is the thoroughness with which the crime scene is
searched. The choice of method depends on the size and number of scenes, the type of
crime scene to be searched, and the number of personnel available for the search. The
principal methods used include the strip method, the grid method, the zone method, and
the spiral method. Additionally, there is the “wheel,” or “radius,” method whereby the
investigator follows a straight line from the center of the scene to the perimeter, returns
to the center, and then follows another line of radius, continuing until the circle is covered.
Since this last method is very time consuming and may lead to missing a portion of
the “pie” during the search, it is, therefore, not recommended.

Crime scene search

• Use systematic search methods.
• Strip method for outdoor scenes (see Figure 2-2).
• Grid (double-strip) method for outdoor scenes (see Figure 2-3).
• Zone method for indoor or outdoor scenes (see Figure 2-4)
• Spiral method for large objects in large outdoor scenes (see Figure 2-5)

1. Line/strip search: A search method used by one or two investigators by walking in

straight lines across the crime scene. (Fig. 2-2)
The lines should be as narrow as feasible, so that each searcher can scan the line
thoroughly from side to side without missing any item of evidence. This technique is
especially good for outdoor scenes, particularly when the area to be searched is large and
involves a team of searchers. The search lines should not be wider than the area that can be
easily seen by each individual searcher. A line width of approximately arm’s length on either
side of each search member should be the maximum width for the lines. The
lines need to be marked to avoid missing any portion of the scene.

2. Quadrant/zone search: A search method in which the crime scene is divided

into smaller sections (zones or quadrants) and team members are assigned to
search each section. Each of these sections can be subdivided into smaller
sections for smaller teams to search thoroughly.(Fig. 2-4 )
 This method is sometimes referred to as a “sector” method or a “cupboard” method.
For example, large indoor scenes or outdoor scenes can be divided into
large zones for search by separate teams. Each zone can then be subdivided by its search
team in order to increase the efficiency of the overall search. This method is also the one
of choice for recording the location and shapes of bloodstain patterns, firearm projectile
trajectories, or other types of evidence where the interrelationship of each of the components
of the area is a paramount concern.

Spiral method
A search method in which the investigator move in an inward spiral from the
boundary to the center of the scene or in an outward spiral from the center to the
boundary of a scene.

In the spiral method (see Figure 2-5), the search team starts at the designated center of
the scene and follows a spiral path outward from the center until the perimeter of the
scene is reached (not recommended for indoor scenes or smaller outdoor scenes, as the
zone method and strip method are much more efficient for these areas). The spiral method
may be used effectively for searching a large outdoor scene where the search team is
looking for very large objects that are easy to see (e.g., dumped bodies). The size of the
lanes should be kept to a minimum.