Department of Mathematical Sciences, IIT(BHU)

Odd Semester 2022-2023

MA-102: Engineering Mathematics- II
Tutorial-2
1. Determine whether the given set is a vector space. If it is not, list the axioms (conditions) that do
not hold.

(a) V = R2 and F = R and define

        
a c a + 2c a αa
= and α· =
b d b + 2d b αb

(b) The set of diagonal n × n matrices over the field of real number under multiplication (that
is A + B = AB ).
(c) The set of vectors in R3 in the form (x, x, x), x ∈ R.
(d) {(x, y) : y ≤ 0; x, y are real} with usual addition and scalar multiplication of vectors.
 
1 α
(e) The set of matrices of the form with the matrix operations of addition and scalar
β 1
multiplication.
(f) The set of polynomials of degree ≤ n with zero constant term.
(g) The set of points in R3 lying on the line x = t + 1, y = 2t, z = t − 1.
(h) V = {f (x + t) : t ∈ R} where f (x) = x3 defined on R. Define

f (x + t1 ) + f (x + t2 ) = f (x + t1 + t2 ) and αf (x + t) = f (x + αt).

2. Determine whether the given subset H of the vector space V is a subspace of V .

(a) V = R3 and H = {(x1 , x2 , x3 ) : x1 + x2 = −2}.

(b) V = R2 , and H = {(x, y) : y ≥ 0}.
(c) V = Pn (x) is the set of polynomial whose degree ≤ n and H = {p ∈ Pn (x) : p(0) = 1}.
(d) V = Mn×n (The set of all n square matrices over R) and H = {T ∈ Mn×n : T is upper
triangular}.
(e) V = R2 and H = {(x, y) : x2 + y 2 ≤ 1}.

3. Let H1 and H2 be subspaces of a vector space V . Let

H1 + H2 = {v : v = v1 + v2 with v1 ∈ H1 and v2 ∈ H2 } .

Show that H1 + H2 is a subspace of V .

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