CONTROL ENGINEERING

Aim of process control: keep stable

When you design something, think of how you should control it by
 Minimization of disturbance
 of equipment: not destroying items with overreached parameters
Automation
We need to a model first then using control engineering to control the models. =>
modelling # controlling.
Controlled system:
One or more independent inputs and outputs (controller and disturbance inputs)
Open loop: controller influences process without taking into account current process
output = uncontrolled system
Closed loop: output is measured and feed back to controller, then compare it to
desired value.
Servo problem: varying set point
Disturbance problem: fixed set point
m: manipulated variable
ysp: set point
y: control variable
d: disturbance input
sensor: primary control element
actuator: final control element

05.10.22
Laplace Transformation (memorization only)
Transform from f(t) to laplace domain called f(s)
Aim: make it easier for us to deal with mathematical equation
Linear systems
This course only have linear system (single input and output)
a= constant
U(t) G(s) y(t)
u(s) y(s)

 y(s)= G(s). u(s)

t>0 <=> the system is stable (on the left of the y axis) -> open left half plane
% run the simulation again, but with t0 = 60s
t0 = 60;
sim('StepFirstOrderTFMD');

% process results in figure

time60 = ans.ResFirstOrder(:,1); % take values from the first column
Qin60 = ans.ResFirstOrder(:,2); % take values from the second column
h60 = ans.ResFirstOrder(:,3); % take values from the third column

figure(2)
plot(time, Qin, 'k--', time, h, 'k', time60, Qin60,'r--', time60, h60, 'r',
'LineWidth', 2);

set(gca,'FontSize',12);
legend('inflow [m^3/s]','liquid level [m]','Location','SouthEast');
xlabel('time [s]');

12.10.22
Second order system
Know how it looks and know where the signs are, do not need to know how they are
built
Overshoot: related to stability
The closer to the x-axis, the more stable and the other way around

Know the position, the speed and stability of the signal

19.10.22
Offset: Difference between output and input
Transfer function: How does the output change when the input changes.
G(s)= y(s)/u(s)
 knows the u(s) => knows the y(s)- output

Error: e(s)=ysp(s)-
ym(s)

(difference
between sp and
measurement)
Write the control system for this image