3D PRINTING

Presented by: ARJUN OBERAI

&
ADITYA JINDAL
 CONTENTS

1: HISTORY OF 3D PRINTERS
2: TERMINOLOGY
3: GENERAL PRINCIPLES

3.1 MODELING

3.2 PRINTING

3.3 FINISHING

4: TYPES OF 3D PRINTING TECHNOLOGIES

5: APPLICATIONS

6: ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

7: FUTURE
 3D + Printing = 3D Printing or
“Additive Manufacturing”
• 3D printing is a
process of making
three dimensional
solid objects from a
digital file.
• The creation of a 3D
printed object is
achieved using
additive processes.
HISTORY OF 3D PRINTERS

 1984
Charles (Chuck) Hull developed the first 3D printer and named the
technique as Stereo lithography.

 1990
Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) and Selective Laser Sintering (SLS)
were introduced.

 1993
MIT patented another technology, named "3 Dimensional Printing
techniques", which is similar to the inkjet technology used in 2D
Printers.

 2005
Z Corp launched first high definition color 3D printer.
 Terminology
• Additive manufacturing - refers to technologies that
create objects through sequential layering.

• Rapid prototyping - is a group of techniques used to

quickly fabricate a scale model of a physical part or
assembly using three-dimensional computer aided design
(CAD) data.

• Subtractive processes - removal of material by methods

such as cutting or drilling.

• Stereolithography was defined by Charles W. Hull as a

"system for generating three-dimensional objects by
creating a cross-sectional pattern of the object to be
formed"
 General Principles
• Modeling
• Printing
• Finishing
 General Principles
• Modeling:
Additive manufacturing takes
virtual blueprints from computer
aided design (CAD)
or animation modeling software and
"slices" them into digital cross-
sections for the machine to
successively use as a guideline for
printing.
 General Principles
• Printing:
To perform a print, the machine reads the
design and lays down successive layers of
liquid, powder, or sheet material to build the
model from a series of cross sections. These
layers, which correspond to the virtual cross
sections from the CAD model, are joined
together or automatically fused to create the
final shape. The primary advantage of this
technique is its ability to create almost any
shape or geometric feature.
 General Principles
• Finishing :
Though the printer-produced
resolution is sufficient for many
applications, printing a slightly
oversized version of the desired
object in standard resolution, and
then removing material with a
higher-resolution subtractive process
can achieve a higher-resolution
Different methods

 Selective laser sintering (SLS)

 Stereo lithography (SL)

 Fused deposition modeling (FDM)

1 .SLS method
Selective laser sintering (SLS) is an additive manufacturing technique
that uses a high power laser (for example, a carbon dioxide laser) to fuse
small particles of plastic, metal (direct metal laser sintering),ceramic or
glass powders into a mass that has a desired 3-dimensional shape).
2 .STEREOLITHOGRAPHY

Stereo
lithography is an
additive
manufacturing
process using a
vat of liquid UV-
curable
photopolymer
”resin” and a UV
laser to build
parts a layer at
a time.
3.Fused deposition modeling (FDM)
Fused deposition modeling
(FDM) is an additive
manufacturing technology
commonly used for modeling,
prototyping, and production
applications.
The model or part is
produced by extruding
small beads of material
which harden
immediately to form
layers.
A thermoplastic filament
or metal wire that is
wound on a coil is
unreeled to supply
material to
an extrusion nozzle head.
The nozzle head heats
the material and turns
3.FUSED DEPOSITION MODELING
APPLICATIONS
 Medical

Fashion &
Food
Retail

3D
Printing
Defense & Games &
Space Entertainment

Pop-Culture Do It Yourself
INDUSTRIAL DESIGN

 Designers use 3D printers to quickly create

product models and prototypes.
AUTOMOTIVE AND AVIATION
INDUSTRIES
 Automotive and aviation industries use 3D
printers to make body parts.
 2010
Urbee the first prototype car 2011 was
presented. This is the first car ever to have its
entire body printed out on a giant 3D printer.
It has three wheels, and two seats.
ARCHITECTURE
 Artists can create models of their projects.
FOOD PREPARATION
 In food preparation, to apply items in liquid or
paste form such as cheese, icing, and chocolate.
Lets print a pizza !!
BIOPRINTING

 Physicians can use 3D printing

to make hearing aids, artificial teeth
and bone grafts.
Toys, lots of toys...
Animated Characters Games &

& Costumes in movies Entertain

ment

Sony pictures was the first to embrace

the concept of 3D printing to create
characters for the movie Pirates – A Band
of Misfits.
The parts of suit in iron man 2 are 3d
printed.
 Artificial Arms for
Medical
Disabled

Richard Van As, a South African

carpenter, assembles a Robohand and
fits it to Liam Dippenaar. Liam was born
without fingers on his right hand.
Makerbot provided them with the 3D
printing technology that they used to
print the parts for the Robohand.
Components on Demand Do It
Yourself

To prepare for a future where parts can

be built on-demand in space, Made in
Space, the space manufacturing
company, has partnered with NASA’s
Marshall Space Flight Center to launch
the first 3D printer to space. Made in
Space’s customized 3D printer will be
the first device to manufacture parts
away from planet Earth. The 3D printing
in Zero-G Experiment will validate the
capability of additive manufacturing
(AM) in zero-gravity.
 Liberator Defense
& Space

Defense Distributed successfully test

fired the world's first 3D-printed
handgun named Liberator.

All 16 parts of the gun are made from a

tough, heat-resistant plastic used in
products such as musical instruments,
kitchen appliances and vehicle bumper
bars. Fifteen of those are made with a
3D printer while one is a non-functional
metal part which can be picked up by
metal detectors, making it is legal under
U.S. law. The firing pin is also not made of
plastic, though it is easily crafted from a
metal nail.
 Makerbot replicator
• Makerbot printer allows anyone to design
and create.
• MakerBot Thingiverse is the 3D design
community for discovering, printing, and
sharing 3D models. MakerBot Desktop is
optimized for the best quality printing
experience on your MakerBot Replicator 2.
13 Amazing Things You Can Make With a 3-D Printer
ADVANTAGES

 RAPID PROTOTYPING: 3D printing gives designers the ability to quickly

turn concepts into 3D models or prototypes (a.k.a., rapid prototyping).

 Clean process. Wastage of material is negligible.

 Complex shape can be produced .

 EASY TO USE No skilled person needed.

REDUCE DESIGN COMPLEXITY

 CHEAP Cheaper process than any other process.

 People in remote locations can fabricate objects that would otherwise

be inaccessible to them.
DISADVANTAGES

 Process is slow
 Components do not have enough strength.
 COST OF RAW MATERIALS
 3-D printers are still expensive.
 Misuse of technology
 Although 3-D printers have the potential of
creating many jobs and opportunities, they might
also put certain jobs at risk .
(for example, you can make your toys at home so
toy stores and toy makers might go out of
business).
FUTURE

 With today's 3D printers, if you lose your TV remote's battery

cover you can print a replacement battery cover. Tomorrow,
if you lose your remote, you'll be able to print a new remote.

 3D printers are always getting cheaper and better.

 There is currently research going on to create 3D printers that

could print out organs for people in need of a transplant.

 Within a decade, 3D printers will become commonplace in

houses.

The benefits of such technology are endless.

References
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_comp
uter_graphics
.com
.com
“The future can not be predicted,
but it
can be made !”