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    Construction Planing Management

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    Construction Planing Management

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    31 views23 pages

    CPM 5

    Uploaded by

    Rajan Das
    Construction Planing Management

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    of 23
    UESTION 201: : Group-A (Multiple Choice Type Questions) ~ 1, Choose the correct alternatives for any ten of the following: i) A Turm-key contract means a) to design and build ) to build the structure only ¥0) to perform all the functions from inception to completion of the construction ) the same as the unit price contract ) If Tosty,f, are the optimistic, pessimistic and most likely time estimates of an activity respectively, the expected time t of the activity a) (+41, +1, \/4 ©) (i, +3, +4,)/4 0 (1. +41, +1,)/6 4) none of these W) Front open space for residential building up to 15.5 m height as per municipal building rule, is a)15m b)12m Yc) 2.0m d) 1.8m 'v) For any residential building if floor area ratio is 2, and Plot size is up to.500 sq. mt. Maximum Permissible ground coverage a) 60% vb) 50% c) 65% d) 55% ¥) CPM network consists of which of the following type of activities? " a) Predecessor ¥'b) Both predecessor and successor ¢) Successor 4) Predecessor or successor ~_¥) When submitting a tender the contractor has to deposit a certain amount of money with the department as guarantee of the tender. This deposit is called a) Security Deposit b) Eamest money ©) Retention money ¢) all of these w The most suitable equipment for compaction of cohesive soil is a) Smooth wheeled rollers b) vibratory rollers Ante x) Slack or slack time Ya) is always zero for critical activities ) can never be less than zero d of granular soils has Relative Density (%) between 65 to 85, S can never be greater than zero - d) is minimum for critical activities x) An embankment constructe = a very loose Yb) loose c) medium d) dense id be inimum width of stair in your college shou! Paha b) 1.2m vc) 1.5m d)2m 4 xi) For a residential house minimum room height should be Ya)2.75m b)24m 3m none offal | Group-B (Short Answer Type Questions) 2. Determine any two of the following a) Carpet area b) Floor area ratio ©) Means of access 4) Ground coverage. See Topic: REGULATION AND BYE LAWS, Short Answer Type Question No. 5. 3. Explain any two of the following, a) Unbalanced tender b) Secured advance ©) Liquidated damages. See Topic: DEPARTMENTAL PROCEDURES, Short Answer ‘Type Question No. 5. 4. What should a tender document include? ‘See Topic: DEPARTMENTAL. PROCEDURES, Short Answer ‘Type Question No. 3 . _ 5.2) State Fulkerson’s rule of numbering a network, ) State three differences between PERT and CPM networks. * ‘See Topic: PLANNING & SCHEDULING OF CONSTRUCTIONS PROJECTS, Short 40. a) What is contract? ») Briefly describe about Lump Sum Contract and cost plus bid fee contract ¢) Draw the organization chart for PWD. d) What are the responsibilities of a Chief Engineer? a), b) & d) See Topic: MANAGEMENT, Long Answer Type Question No. 2, ©) See Topic: DEPARTMENTAL PROCEDURES, Short Answer Type Question No. 6. 3 3 14. Write short notes on any three of the following: a) Grader 7 b) Conveyor ©) Output of scraper 4) Co-efficient of traction. CONSTRUCTION PLANTS & EQUIPMENT, Long Answer Type Question No. S(¢ “ONSTRUCTION PLANTS & EQUIPMENT, Long Answer Type Question No. 5) ) See Topic: CONSTRUCTION PLANTS & EQUIPMENT, Long Answer Type Question No. 5(@) 4) See Topic: CONSTRUCTION PLANTS & EQUIPMENT, Long Answer Type Question No. 5(: QUESTION 2014 ’ Group-A (Multiple Choice Type Questions) 1, Choose the correct altefnatives for the following: ‘ i) Which compactor compacts soil by the action of kneading? a ORRIN, ua: AERA i) The contractor quotes rate for each item of work in: a) Lump sum contract 'b) Percentage contract ¢) Target contract 7d) Unit price’contrect” bebany, ye ‘ vest latest allowable occurrence lime of an activity is more than its earliest expected time. The or a) running beyond schedule Yb) running ahead of schedule ic ‘c) running as per schedule d) already completed y) The schedule completion time of a project will be equal to the latest allowable occurrence time of the = a) initial event ’b) final event ‘c) all dummy events d) all critical events vi) Which one of the following is not a characteristic of PERT networks? a) Itis event based ) It follows probabilistic approach Y6) Itis used for repetitive projects d) Used where correct time estimates cannot be made vii) Which equipment is the most suitable for excavating hard rock? Ya) back hoe b) power shovel ©) drag line d) clamshell vii) Which roller is the most suitable for compacting hard rock? a) Sheepsfoot roller x » vb) vibratory roller ¢) pneumatic tired roller d) tamping roller ix) Free float for an activity is: ~ 4 Ya) Difference between its earliest finish time and earliest start time of its successor activity the latest start time and earliest start time of an activity can b) Difference between f ©) Difference between the latést allowable ‘occurrence time and the earliest occurrence time i for the head event of the activity : : e d) Excess time that exists between finishing and starting of two successive activities oy Ae Danek si than Ah Made: PRALTE ION Bs REAL a RS aa The expected time (fy) 18 WAM oy teed a) 13(1. +41, +r) tetiwteneBn ya ah tt) ee e) (1, +40, +) Pion seid (teh Ste eden ps andr are respectively optimistic, most kel and xi) Sinking fundis— ii _ Ya) The fund for rebuilding a structure when its economic life is over b) Raised to meet maintenance costs ¢) The total sum to be paid to the municipal authorities by the tenants. ' @) Apart of the money Kept in reserve for providing additional structures and struct modifications ” xii) Grader is used mainly for — 2) Trimming and finishing b) Shaping and Trimming ©) Finishing and Shaping ¥d) Finishing, Shaping and Trimming Group-B (Short Answer Type Questions) 2. Ina primary school building construction project, there are 10 activities identified from P tp y The following are the relationships between the different activities: ) P is the initial activity ) Q and R can be done concurrently and must follow P. ©) S and T must succeed Q. 4) U and V must succeed R ©) Wis dependent upon the completion of T, U and P ) X must succeed S. 49) Y must succeed V. fh) W, X and Y have no successors Draw and number the network. See Topic: PLANNING & SCHEDULING OF CONSTRUCTIONS PROJECTS, Short Answer Type Question No. 9. ‘3. Write a brief detail on fire precautions at — a) High risé building | b) In industries See Topic: FIRE PROTECTION, Short Answer Type Question No. 1, 4. Briefly describe the equipments used i in bituminous pavement construction, See Topic: CONSTRUCTION PLANTS 4 EQUIPMENT, Short Answer Type Question No. & Write briefly on necessity of proper ventilation and lavatory block in public place. _ Ste Topic: PLANNING, Short Answer Type Question No.1, ‘CONSTRUCTION PLANNING & MANAGEMENT ~ QUESTION 2015 Group-A (Multiple Choice Type Questions) 4. Answer any ten questions: ) Slack = pe eee >) 7-7, QT, +N, &) (I, = 1, MT, #7) ii) Actitical activity has a) maximum float —_b) minimum float ¥c) zero float 4) average float fi) Numbering of events in a network can be done using a) Fulkerson rule b) Gnatt's rule ©) Taylors rule d) none of these ®) Wf Fostp>tm are the optimistic, pessimistic and most likely time estimates of an activity tespectively the expécted time £ of the activity i a) (f, +41, +t, )/4 b) 1, +34, +4,)/4 YO) (t, + 4t, +1,)/6 d) none of these ¥)P-ERT. network is a) activity oriented Yb) event oriented ©) both activity as well as event oriented 4) neither activity nor event oriented ¥i) The most suitable type of equipment for compaction of cohesive soils is a) smooth-wheeled rollers b) vibratory rollers %c) sheep footed rollers d) tampers wi) When submitting a tender the contractor has to deposit a certain amount of money with the department as guarantee of the tender. This deposit is called @) security deposit Yb) earnest money ©) retention money d) all of these - Vill) A Turn-key contract means @) to design and build b) to build the structure only 6) to perform all the function from inception to completion of the construction _d) the same as the unit price contract of Ya) a fund for rebuilding a structure when its economic life is over b) raised to meet maintenance cost : a the total sum to be paid to the municipal authorities by tenants d) apart of the money kept in reserve for providing additional structures and modifications, x) In PERT analysis, the time estimate of activity and probability of their occurrence follow a) Normal distribution curve b) Poisson's distribution curve Yc) Beta distribution curve d) none of these xi) Select the incorrect statement €) start float and finish float are always equal ') total float can be either start float or finish float Yc) start float and finish float need not be equal ©) start float and finish float are the difference between activity times and not event times Group-B (Short Answer Type Questions) 2.) Tender and Contract. ‘See Topic: MANAGEMENT, Short Answer Type Question No. 3, ») Fite protection provisions in tall buildings, See Topic: FIRE PROTECTION, Short Answer Type Question No.2. ¢) Floor area ratio, See Topic: REGULATION AND BYE LAWS, Short Answer Type Questions No. 5(b). ) Kolkata Building Rule Provisions for side and rear Open spaces for dwelling units, See Topic: REGULATIO! N AND BYE LAWS, Short Answer Type Questions No.2, : ©) Seounty deposit and retention money See Topic: DEPARTMENTAL PROCEDURES, Short Answer ‘Type Questions No. 4 Group-c “if es (Long Answer Type Questions) Teal pat na activity in form of network chart and deter (Multiple Choice Type Questions) e __ 1, Choose the correct altematives for any ten of the following: i a 3) Sinking Fund is ¢ . Ya) the fund for rebuilding @ structure When its economic life is over b) raised to meet maintenance costs 6) the total sum to be paid to the municipal authorities by the tenants apart of the money | kept in reverse for providing additional structure and structural modifications {i Activities G, P and R are the immediate predecessors for activity W. If the earliest finish times for the three are 12, 15 and 10 then the earliest start time for Wis a) 10 b) 12 Vo) 15 pee iil) When submitting a tender the contractor has to deposit a certain amount of money with the department as guarantee of the tender. This deposit is called a) Security deposit Yb) Eamest money c) Retention money d) All of these iv) PERT" Network is £ Ya) event based ) both event and activity based b) activity based d) duration based ‘V) The minimum floor area of a habitable room is %a)9.3sq.m b) 9.5 sq.m ¢) 10.0 sq.m. d) 10.5sq.m " yi) The minimum rear open space of a building of height above 50m is a) 7.0m b) 10.0m _¥0)12.0m 9) none of these are the ee per ‘and most likely time estimates of an’ activity te curt vino bruset is [8] enamel b) (1, + 3m ve cant to eGo aan ts ties) oe ix) Muster Rollis the Wa) attendance record of dally labour employed -_b) measurement of the daily work done -__¢) accounting register for consumable materials 4) none of these An arbitrator is one who mediates between . Sh ‘Two aggrieved parties b) Public and workers ¢) Engineer and architect ¥d) Public and the contractor xi) A vibrator used for concrete column or wall is ) Intemal vibrator %b) External vibrator ) Surface vibrator d) Platform vibrator xi) Free float for an activity is ’ 2) Difference between the latest start time and earliest start time of the activity >) Difference between its earliest finish time and earliest start time of its successor activity i ©) Difference between the latest allowable occurrence time and earliest occurrence time for head event of the activity 4) Difference between the excess time that exists between finishing and starting of be successive activities i xii) The fiow diagram as shown in figure depicts that 4) activity [C’] can be started only after completion of [4] ang [2) ») actvity[D] can be Started only when activity [B]is completed ©) actvty[£] can be started only when activities. 4, 4) all of these B,C and D completed CONSTRUCTION Pi AN, JUESTION 2017 Group -A (Multiple Choice Type Questions) 4, Choose the correct alternatives for any ten of the following: i) If ff, % are the optimistic, pessimistic and most likely time estimates of an activity respectively, the expected time / of the activity is a) (1, +40, +1,)/4 b) (1, +34, +4, )/4 Yo) (1, +40, +4,)/6 d) None of these i) The relation between three floats are a) TF < FF TF > IF vb) TF > FF > IF d) FF Layer of reinforcement L Pouring of concrete CP&M-103 POPULAR PUBLICATIONS e { The above activity cannot be done before the completion of previous activ Oe ‘ Parallel Activity: Activities which can be carried out simultaneously and independentjy « of each other are called parallel activities. Activities ‘B’, ‘C’ and ‘D’ can be started simultaneously after completion of activity «4», Hence activities B,C, and D are said to be parallel activities. e.g. During construction of column footing Excavation of soil, purchase of cement, purchase of reinforcement all the three activities can be performed simultaneously. 3. Compare the different types of tendering in Civil Eng. Industry. Answer: Refer to “DEPARTMENTAL PROCEDURES”, Short Answer Type Question No. 2. 4. Discuss the essentials of a valid contract. Answer: Refer to “MANAGEMENT”, Short Answer Type Question No. 2(2" Part). §. Discuss the causes of poor quality of concrete. Differentiate between Rimpull and Drawbarpull of any equipment. Chapter Name: “CONSTRUCTION PLANTS & EQUIPMENT” Answer: The causes of poor quality concrete are: (i) The use of excessive water in the mix (ii) He use of improper Portland cement (iit) The use of improper proportioning of mixture (iv) The use of poor construction practices and bad workmanship (¥) The use of dirty and low quality aggregate (vi) Inadequate curing of concrete, Rimpull of tractor at any speed is the force between the tyres of the driving wheels of the tractor and the surface on which the tractor travels is called rim pull. It is calculated by following relation, CP&M-104 CONSTRU 268.5 x efficienty x metric h.p Rim pull Speed in Kmph (For MKS SYSTEM) DRAW BAR PULL The available pull which a crawler tractor can exert on a load that is being towed is referred to as the draw bar pull of the tractor. In other words it is the equivalent pulling rate. For MKS UNIT DRAW BAR H-P=2<" where p is in Kg, & v in m/second. 6. Discuss the safety measures in Electrical Sub-station. Differentiate between Dry Riser and Wet Riser used in Fire Protection system. Chapter Name: “FIRE PROTECTION” Answer: The safety measures in Electrical Sub-Stations are i) Installing metallic or non-metallic fence along the perimeter of the sub-station to prevent entry of trespassers. ii) Sub-stations should be totally prohibited by visitors. iii) To monitor and guide vehicles entering the sub-station to ensure safety against elevated equipments within it. iv) Battery storage rooms are also known to be the source of chemical hazards and are best secured with authorize access. Use of PPE’s is mandatory when working in a sub-station, Flame retardant/are- rated/chemical resistant clothing gloves, safety glasses, face mask, hard hat must be v) available for workers. Dry riser: An arrangement of fire fighting within the building by means of vertical rising main not less than 100 mm internal diameter with lending valves on each floor/landing which is normally dry but is capable of being charged with water usually by pumping from fire service appliances. Wet riser: An arrangement for fire fighting within the building by means of vertical rising mains not less than 100 mm nominal diameter with landing valves on each floor/landing for fire fighting purposes and permanently charged with water from a pressurized supply. CP&M-105 eae 7. Define the term ‘Roominess’. Compare the term Aspect and Prospect used in Building Planning. ‘Chapter Name: “PLANNING” Answer: Y Roominess refers to the effect produced by deriving maximum benefit from the minimum dimension of a room, giving due importance to the furniture placement in the rooms, The size of room, shape, furniture used, position of doors and windows are the factor which affect the Roominess. Every unit in a building is a matter of cost, so we must take maximum advantage of its every part and corner. Aspect: Aspect means the arrangement of doors and windows in the external walls ofa building which permits the occupants to enjoy the gift of nature viz, sun, breeze, outside Scenery etc. This provision is necessary to ensure proper comfort condition in the room and also helps in providing hygienic conditions in the room as the sun rays destroy the inspects and also impact cheerful living condition in the room. Prospect: Prospect is the term used to highlight the architectural treatment given toa building so as to make it aesthetically pleasing form outside and arranging external doors and windows in such a manner that the occupants are able to enjoy the desired outside views from certain rooms. Group-C (Long Answer Type Questions) 8. 2) What are the drawbacks of bar charts? And how those are eliminated in network analysis? Chapter Name: “PLANNING & SCHEDULING OF CONSTRUCTIONS PROJECTS” Answer: Draw backs of Bar chart and the elimination of the drawbacks in network analysis are as follows: 1) Inability to depict interdependencies of activities. A construction project comprises a number of activities which are inter-related and inter-dependent because of some constraints. This is the basic character of the network planning : and scheduling which is completely absent in the bar chart, The mere fact that 3 ‘Wo or more activities are scheduled to start at the same time, does not make them interdependent or completely independent. fi) Absence of critical and non-critical activities: Another important drawback of the bar chart is that it does not distinguish between critical and non-critical activities. CP&M-106 CONSTRUCTION PLANNING & MANAGEMENT Knowledge of critical activities need the maximum attention of construction team to finish the project in time and sometimes to accelerate the project completion. Critical path is the soul of the network analysis and it is clearly marked on the network in double line. iii) No cost optimization: Since critical path is not available in the bar chart so it is not possible to crash the activities to get optimum and minimum duration of the project. iv) No controlling, monitoring and updating: It does not facilitate the work of controlling, monitoring and updating the project. vy) No resource leveling/smoothing: As the floats of non-critical activities cannot be obtained from a bar chart, no resource leveling is possible. vi) No reflection of uncertainties on time: It does not reflect the uncertainty in activity duration. b) The following table shows the activity relationship of an 8 event project and its optimistic, most likely and pessimistic time estimates: 8 Time estimates Activity | “Optimistic | Most likely 1-2 2 5 23 8 1 a 34 0 0 0 24 4” 7 16 2-5 4 9 20 46 7 10 3 are 3 7 17 37 3 5 13 m7 2 3 40 78 2 4 f Determine : andard deviation i) Critical path and its st ii) Probability of the completion Time duration that will provi pletion of work in 41 days ide 95% probability of its completion. eneyer: “pLANNING & SCHEDULING OF CONSTRUCTIONS Refer to PROJECTS”, Long Answer Type Question No. 12, CP&M-107 IBLICATION . The three 9. The network for a construction project shown in ie een i Sha estimates for each activity are given along each ac t "following: a) Expected time of completion of activity ¢) Latest allowable occurrence time for each activity Incomplete Question, Figure — 2 is not provided 10. a) A plot of land in a Municipality of WB is 1200 m* with a frontage road of 9m wide. Calculate for a residential building on the plot. i) Max. ground coverage area ji) Max. height of the building ili) FAR A iv) Number of flats if each flat has a max covered area of 110 m’ Chapter Name: “REGULATION AND BYE LAWS” Answer: As per West Bengal Municipality Building Rules — 105/MA/O/C-4/3R-14/2015 dated 26,2.2016, Area of plot 1200 m? and frontage road of 9 m wide 1) Maximum ground coverage = 50% of plot area 2007 with revision vide Notification (As plot is greater than 500m?) =~) .1200=600m? 100 it) Maximum Height of building for 9 m wide front road = 20 m Floor Area Ratio FAR for 9 m wide front road = 2.0 iv) Number of flat if each flat has maximum covered area of 110m? Since maximum ground covera; = 110 = 5 = 550m? < 600m? Plot size = 1200m, F AR=2.0 Maximum of 1220 x 2 = 2400m? in total is to be permitted in total in all floor of building putting together. ge of 600 m’ is permitted 5 no. of flat at each floor No. of floor which can be constructed = 2400 _4 46 _ 4 4 550 Assuming height of each floor 3, So total No. of flats = 5 x 4 + 1=21 Nos, Total Area =21> 111) 2310 m? < 2400 m? 5 no. flats at four Nlaors & 1 no, flat at he 3. mNo. of floor can be constructed = 6 floor, CP&M-108 (CONSTRUCTION PLANNING & MANAGEMENT ment. b) Discuss the GBR of a Mezzanine floor and the B Chapter Name: “REGULATION AND BYE LAWS” Answer: © Mazzanine Floor: A mazzanine floor is an intermediate floor between main floors of a building and therefore not counted among the overall floors of a building. It is usually built between two permanent original stories. The most common use of mazzanine floor is for storage. It is often used in shops and similar spaces for storage of tools or materials. The high roof of the shop is ideal for a mazzanine and offices can be put either below or above it. In case of residential building, mazzanine floor is built above the garage. e Basement: A basement is one or more floors of a building which is either completely or partially below the ground floor. These are generally used as a utility space for building where such items as car parks, air conditioning system, water heater etc are located. Practically speaking a basement provides more living space and storage. ¢) List out the equipments required for the fire fighting in the Industry. Chapter Name: “FIRE PROTECTION” Answer: The different fire fighting equipments use in industries are as follows: i) Manual Fire Extinguishing Equipment: ‘These devices are useful for extinguishing fire as soon as it starts. They are not so useful when once the fire has spread. Under this category comes the portable extinguishers of carbon dioxide type or foam generation type The discharge from a portable fire extinguisher lasts only for a short duration of 20 to 120 seconds. ii) Fire Hydrants: fire hydrants are provided on a ring mean of 150 mm diameter in the ground around the building periphery. The ring main gets water from underground tank with pressure so that available pressure at each hydrants is of the order of about 3.5 t0 4.0 Kg/em? iii) Wet Riser System: The system consists of pri suitable locations in the bui tank to those pipes to ensure a pressure iv) Automatic sprinkler System: This arrangement is adopted for important structures like textile mills, paper mills ete. “Te system consists of a network of pipes 20 mm dia, ixed to the ceiling of the room. These pipes are spaced at 3m centre to centre. Heat actuated sprinkler heads are fixed to these pipes at regular interval. The pipes get supply fiom a header, Each sprinkler head is provided with fusible plug. In the event of fire, the fusible plug in the sprinkler nearest to CP&M-109 oviding 100 to 150 mm diameter vertical Gl pipes (risers) at Iding. A fire pump is used to feed water from underground of 3.0 Kg/cm? at upper most outlet. is thus brought under control in a short period. 11. a) The following data refer to a having specifications under Gear 1st 2nd 3rd 4th Sth | Speed KMPH 22 36 48 60 [8.0 Draw base pull in kg | 14,000 | 10,500 8,200 6,500 | 3,800 Incomplete Question b) For a soil, the properties are given as B=2000kg/m’, L=1800kg/m?, c=: ‘determine LV, CV, CS welling and shrinkage factor. ‘Chapter Name: “CONSTRUCTI ION PLANTS & EQUIPMENT” Answer: Given for a soil : Loose density, L = 1800 kg/m? Bank density, B = 2000 kg/m? Compacted density, C = 2400 kg/m? : —| Bank density — _[/2000 nae ta Swelling (%) | Paes | 100 =| 1}x60 =11.11% : Bank density 2000 Shri PO 109 -| =16.67Y inkage (%) [ asi ae | x10 [ Sep 100 = 16.67% Shrinkage Factor =(1— Shrinkage) =1- Load Factor— L00se density 1800 = Bank density 2000 Assuming, Bank Volume = 1.0m? Volume, CV = Bank Volume x Shrinkage factor = 10.833 =0.833m} 0.1667 =0,833 Moeravuns Lv = Bankvolume __1 eo =— =1.11m? factor 9.9 htt m the wire melts due to rise of temperature and water gushes out of sprinkler head. The crawler tractor whose gross weight is 20T an '2400kg/m? CONSTRUCTION PLANNING & MANAGEMENT ¢) Discuss various types of roller used for different purposes in industry. Chapter Name: “CONSTRUCTION PLANTS & EQUIPMENT” Answer: ‘The different types of roller used are as follows: i) Smooth Wheeled Roller: The compacting efficiency of smooth wheeled rollers depends upon the weight, width and diameter of each roller. These rollers are used for compacting granular soil and pavement material for various dyers. ii) Vibratory Roller: This type of roller is fitted with one or two smooth surfaced steel drums measuring 0.9 ~ 1.5m in diameter and 1.2 ~ 1.8m in width. They are commonly used for compacting granular base courses and some limes for asphalt and are useful for greater depth. )) Pneumatic Tyred Roller: The pneumatic tyred rollers are considered to be most suitable to compact non-plastic silts and fine sands. iv) Sheep’s Foot Roller: Sheep’s Foot Roller consists of hollow cylinder with projecting feet. The weight of roller can be increased filling the drum with wet soil. Sheep’s foot rollers are considered more suitable to compact clayey soil. 42. a) Compare item rate contract and percentage rate contract. Chapter Name: “MANAGEMENT” Answer: Item Rate Contract: Item rate contract is one in drawings, bill of quantities and specificatis made entirely on measurements taken as the tendered by the contractor in the bill of quantities. The bill of quantities, which forms a part of the contract documents, greatly assists in keeping the tendered sum as low as possible. rhe owner cannot be absolutely sure of the total cost that, Ke: woulks haves sns ieee until the work is completed : © Both the owner and the contractor have to do considerable computation and book- keeping during the progress of the works. Both the parties are required to appoint staff to record the measurement of the work done. n which the contractor agrees to carry out the work as per ion in consideration of a payment to be e work proceeds, and at the unit prices Percentage Rate Contract és This rth of contract differs from the item rate contract in respect of the method of i ntract and its rate. ‘ : ‘Sa aaeien tors do not have to write the rate of each item, but a i ii the contrac! ee care i

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