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COMMUNITY MEDICINE MCQS
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1. Incubation period of Mumps: (HBS)

● 2 to 4 weeks, usually 14-18 days*
● 2 to 3 weeks, usually 15 days.
● 1 to 2 weeks, usually 7-10 days.
● 1 to 3 weeks, usually 7-15 days.
● 3 to 5 weeks, usually 18- 28 days.
2. 90 per cent sensitivity means that: (HBS)
● Test will be negative in 90 per cent of the diseased people screened by the test
● Test will be negative in 10 per cent of the diseased people screened by the test
● Test will be positive in 90 per cent of the healthy people screened by the test
● Test will be positive in 90 per cent of the diseased people screened by the test*
● Test will be negative in 90 per cent of the healthy people screened by the test
3. Specificity is the ability of a test to detect: (HBS)
● False positive and True negative
● True positive
● True negative*
● False negative
● True and False positive
4. Industrial revolution of 18th century led to many problematic events causing high sickness and
death rate These events especially cholera outbreaks led to birth of public health concept.
Since then concept of public health has been changing and these changing concepts can be
divided in four phases, Theses phases include all of the following except: (HBS)
● Tertiary care phase*
● Health promotional phase
● Disease control phase
● Social engineering phase
● "Health for All" phase
5. Relative risk is calculated in: (HBS/RIHS)
● Cohort study*
● Non- Randomized control trial
● Descriptive study
● Case control study
● Cross sectional study
6. High prevalence of diarrhea among children under 5 Yrs was reported. A team was sent for
epidemiological studies. After initial collection of data, doctor advised community to drink
water after boiling. Before leaving the village, final data was collected to complete the report.
What type of study was this? (HBS)
● Interventional study*
● Cohort classic study
● Case serial studies
7. A 5 year old boy developed fever with typical "dew drop rash" over his body. It appeared first
on the trunk and spread to arms and legs later: there were no signs of neck stiffness and
rigidity. What could be likely diagnosis? (HBS)
● Measles
● Smallpox
● Chicken pox*
● Mumps
● Meningitis
8. Dental caries is due to deficiency of: (HBS)
● Copper
● Fluorine*
● Iodine
● None of the above
● Chlorine
9. The attributes of a carrier are all except: (HBS)
● The absence of recognizable symptoms or signs of disease
● Possess no ability to infect other people or animals*
● The shedding of the disease agent in the discharges
● The presence of the disease agent in the body.
● Urinary Carriers are more dangerous than fecal
10. Malaria cases were reported throughout the world during the year 2000 — 2010. These cases
can be best represented by: (HBS)
● Frequency polygon
● Pictogram
● Scatter diagram
● Line diagram*
● Histogram
11. A person, animal, object or substance from which an infectious agent passes or is
disseminated to host is called: (HBS)
● Source*
● Reservoir Susceptible host
● Homologous reservoir
● Obligate host
12. Indirect modes of transmission are all except: (HBS)
● Droplet infection
● Bite of dog
● Droplet nuclei*
● Transplacental
● Contact with soil
13. You are to formulate control measures of scabies (caused by itch mite) in your community and
you have limited resources. Which control strategy will you adopt? (HBS)
● Genetic control
● Environmental control inclusive of chemical control
● Biological control
● Environmental control (man and environment)*
● Chemical control (via insecticidal sprays)
14. All can pass through intact skin, except: (HBS)
● Necator Americanus
● Schistosoma Haematobium
● Strongyloides Stercoralis
● Ancylostoma Duodenale
● Hymenolepis Nana*
15. Ideal Method for sterilization of linen is by: (HBS)
● Gamma Irradiation
● Autoclaving*
● Use of chemical
● Boiling
16. A study was conducted in America to find out the proportion of blacks and white Americans in
California. This variable chosen is: (HBS)
● Continuous
● Nominal
● Dichotomous*
● Discrete numerical
● Ordinal
17. Dr Zeeshan plans to carry out high-risk screening for cancer cervix. To increase the yield of
new cases, his screening program should focus on: (HBS)
● Lower social groups*
● All women of reproductive age
● All women irrespective of age
● Upper social groups
● Lower and upper social groups
18. Infirmity includes all except: (HBS)
● Weakness
● Instability
● III health
● Lousiness*
● Feebleness
19. All are preventive measures against Leishmaniasis, except: (HBS)
● Sleeping on beds than on floor
● Use of sand-fly bed nets
● Use of insecticides
● Getting vaccinated*
● Using repellents
20. The best measure to assure the state of protein nutritional status of the body is: (HBS)
● Skin fold thickness
● Total body nitrogen
● Creatinine height index
● Serum Albumin*
● Mid arm circumference
21. Snake venom of cobra is (HBS)
● Hemotoxic
● Ototoxic
● Neurotoxic*
● Nontoxic
● Hepatotoxic
22. The condition in which the host does not shed infectious agent which lies dormant within the
host without symptoms is called: (HBS)
● Latent infection*
● Opportunistic infection
● Subclinical infection
● latrogenic infection
● Clinical infection
23. The outcome of secondary (immune) response is: (HBS)
● Nothing
● Production of memory cells
● Decreased immune response
● Passive immunity
● Accelerated immune response*
24. In a dist in: (HBS) ( missing question )
● Non- Randomized control trial
● Cohort study
● Randomized control trial
● Case control study*
25. The number of malaria cases reported during the last 10 years in a town are given below: 250,
320. 190, 300, 5000. 100, 260, 350, 320, and 160. The epidemiologist wants to find out the
average number of malaria cases reported in that town during the last 10 years. The most
appropriate measure for calculating average for this (skewed) data will be: (HBS)
● Range
● Median*
● Mean
● Mode
● Percentile
26. Vital statistics are important sources of data on which of the following? (HBS)
● Health-care usage
● Births and deaths*
● Co-Morbidities
● Injury and disability
● Health-related behaviors
27. The tail of an epidemic produced in cholera is due to: (HBS)
● Continuation of transmission through contacts*
● Presence of infectious agent in animal reservoir
● Virulence of causative agent
● Presence of causative agent in the environment
● Drug resistance against cholera organism
28. Juvenile delinquency is an offence committed by male child less than: (HBS)
● 14 years or a girl less than 16 years of age
● 16 years or a girl less than 18 years of age*
● 18 years or by a girl less than 14 years of age
● 17 years or by a girl less than 15 years of age
● 16 years or a girl less than 16 years of age
29. Casoni test is performed for the diagnosis of: (HBS)
● Ancylostoma duodenale
● Hydatid cyst*
● Taenia saginata
● Dracunculus medinensis
● Ascaris Lumbricoides
30. All following disease are spread by the ticks Except: (HBS)
● Rocky Mountain Fever
● KFD
● Scrub Typhus*
● Relapsing fever
● Q-Fever
31. A patient reported to an infectious disease agent with relapsing fever. It came out that lice
were carrying the disease agent. The lice are acting as in this case: (HBS)
● Disease agent
● Non-living vector
● Both disease agent and vector
● Vector*
● Arthropod only
32. Recommended range of fluorine content in drinking water: (HBS)
● 0.5 to 0.8 mg / L*
● 0.8to1.0 mg / L
● 1.0to1.5mg/L
● 0.3 to 0.5 mg / L
● 0.1 to 0.2 mg / L
33. All are attributes of case control study except: (HBS)
● No recall bias
● It is very expensive*
● Minimum ethical issues
● It requires few subjects
● It is best for rare diseases
34. The commonest cause of blindness in Pakistan is: (HBS) (DO CHECK)
● Corneal Opacity
● Vit. A deficiency
● Glaucoma
● Cataract *
● Retinal detachment
35. Which of the following is a feature of passive immunity? (HBS)
● There is a primary response
● There is a secondary response
● There is no primary and secondary response*
● There is an accelerated immune response
● There is production of memory cells
36. Case detection is one of main uses of screening. It is also known as: (HBS)
● Prospective screening
● Perspective screening*
● Mass screening
● Multiphasic screening
● Selective screening
37. Distributions that have more than 2 modes are called distributions: (HBS)
● Zero modal
● One modal
● Multimodal*
● Bimodal
● A-modal
38. Anti-snake Venom can be used? (HBS)
● Six months beyond expiry with 30% increase dose
● One year beyond expiry with 30%increase dose
● Four months beyond expiry with 10% increase dose
● One year beyond expiry with 25% increase dose*
● Six months beyond expiry 25%increase dose
39. If 'A' is true positive, 'B' is false positive. 'C' is false negative, 'D' is true negative, then 'A+C'
means: (HBS)
● Total number of negative results
● Total number of not diseased
● Total number subjected to screening test
● Total number of positive results
● Total number of diseased*
40. Anti-Septic is the substance that kills? (HBS)
● Harmful microbes (not spores) and is used on living tissue*
● Only spores on inanimate objects
● Harmful microbes (not spores) and is used on inanimate objects
● All harmful microbes including spores and is used on inanimate objects
● Only spores on living tissue
41. A study planned in a way that the participant, the investigator and the person analyzing the
data are not aware of group allocation (control or study) is called: (HBS)
● Single blinding
● Double blinding
● Triple blinding*
● None of above
● All of above
42. The measure of central tendency used with nominal scale data is the: (HBS)
● Range
● Mean
● Variance
● Median
● Mode*
43. Public health is "the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting
health and efficiency through organized community effort". This definition was given in 1920
by: (HBS)
● Edwin Chadwick
● William Budd
● John Snow
● C.E.A. Winslow*
● John Simon
44. The objectives of a research project summarize, what is to be achieved by the study.
Objectives should be SMART which means, but except: (HBS)
● Measurable
● Relevant
● Achievable
● Typical*
● Specific
45. Process which destroy all microbial life including spores is called? (HBS)
● Disinfection
● Antiseptic
● Boiling
● Sterilization*
● Formalin
46. Bitot's spots can be seen in: (HBS/RIHS)
● Vitamin C deficiency
● Vitamin E deficiency
● Vitamin D deficiency
● Vitamin A deficiency*
● Vitamin B-12 deficiency
47. A woman brings her 2-year-old child complaining about his inability to walk normally. On
examination. curving of legs with knockknees is noticed:a protuberant belly is observed too.
Which of the following deficiencies correlates with the clinical picture? (HBS)
● Vit.D*
● Vit. B1
● Zinc
● Vit. A
● Calcium
48. Epidemic means: (HBS)
● The usual occurrence, in community or region, of health-related events in excess of
expected frequency
● The unusual occurrence, in community or region, of health-related events less than of
expected frequency
● The usual occurrence in community or region, of health-related events in excess frequency
● The unusual occurrence, in community or region, of health-related events in excess of
expected frequency*
● The consistent occurrence, in community or region, of health-related events less than of
expected frequency
49. A typically shy 16-year-old who over a period of weeks become loud, socially intrusive
boastful and starts a complaint for election to the city council would raise suspicions of: (HBS)
● Obsessive compulsive disorder
● Paranoia
● Emerging mania*
● Depression
● Bulimia
50. A table in a report or manuscript should include all, except: (HBS)
● Self-explanatory title
● Row and column labels
● Explanation of the key findings*
● Source of the data
● Footnotes explaining abbreviations
51. The proteins contained in: (HBS)
● Chicken are taken as reference protein
● Mutton are taken as reference protein
● Fish are taken as reference protein
● Red meat are taken as reference protein
● Eggs are taken as reference protein*
52. All of the following diseases are spread by the houseflyexcept : (HBS) ( Incorrect question )
● Polio*
● Cholera *
● Kala azar*
● Typhoid fever
● Diarrhea
53. There is enough evidence that high dietary consumption of fats is a risk factor for: (HBS)
● Ca-liver
● Ca-breast*
● Ca-esophagus
● Ca-stomach
● Ca-oral cavity
54. Secondary case means: (HBS)
● Having less serious disease
● Infected from primary case*
● First Diagnosed in epidemic
● showing less importance in study
● Studied at the last
55. At What temperature there is optimum development of malaria parasite in the vector? (HBS)
● 10C-20C
● 30C-40C
● 50C-60C
● 20C-30C*
● 60C-70C
56. A one-year old child suffering from acute respiratory infection is brought to Dr Hashim.
Managing the child in light of WHO guidelines he labels it as 'very severe disease". In this case
WHO management guidelines will include all of the following except: (HBS)
● Treat wheezing, if present
● Sedate the child immediately*
● Give first dose of an antibiotic
● Refer urgently to hospital
● Treat fever, if present
57. If a series of values consists of 21 numbers, then, for finding the median, we ordered the
series ascending and we use: (HBS)
● 0 The mean between 10th and 11th values
● The 10th value in the ordered series
● The 20th value in the ordered series
● The 11th value in the ordered series*
● The mean between 11th and 12th values
58. All the following diseases are spread by the mite, except:
● Scabies
● Asthma
● Scrub typhus
● Rickettsia pox
● Trench fever*
59. All are principles of comprehensive health care except: (HBS)
● Availability
● Affordability
● Accountability*
● Accessibility
● Acceptability
60. All are trematodes, except: (HBS)
● Fasciola Hepatica
● Schistosoma Japonicum
● Schistosoma Mansoni
● Schistosoma Haematobium
● Echinococcus Granulosus*
61. To tear out by roots any disease means: (HBS)
● Disease elimination
● Disease surveillance
● Disease eradication*
● Iceberg of disease
● Disease control
62. A distribution of 10 scores has a mean of 6. Following are 9 scores of this distribution. Which
score is missing (remember that the mean should be 6)? 4. 8, 10, 5. 9. 3. 6. 7, 3. (HBS)
● 4
● 8
● 5*
● 6
● 7
63. Gender. age-class, religion, type of disease, and blood group are measured on: (HBS)
● Nominal scale of measurement*
● Interval scale of measurement
● Ratio scale of measurement
● Ordinal scale of measurement
● Ratio and interval scale
64. A 52-year-old man presented in the Medical OPD with rough and dry skin, characterized by
horny papular eruptions on the posterior and lateral aspects of limbs, back and buttocks.
These symptoms are due to deficiency of: (HBS)
● Essential amino acids
● Zinc
● Essential fatty acids*
● Vitamin C
● Niacin
65. A mother brought her child to a pediatrician for vaccination against measles. This vaccine will
initiate in child: (HBS)
● Tertiary response
● Antitoxins
● Primary response
● Passive immunity*
● Secondary response
66. A 22-year-old boy of a middle-class family weighing 75 Kg has a height of 1.8m. His BMI is?
(HBS)
● 21
● 35
● 19
● 28
● 23*
67. Anthropometric measurements are: (HBS)
● Utilization rates
● Nutritional indicator*
● Morbidity indicators
● Health care delivery indicators
● Social indicators
68. In observational type of analytical epidemiological studies if "Confounding factor" is not
controlled. may distort or confound the results of the study. Confounding can be controlled
by: (HBS)
● Using calibration of the instruments
● Using double blinding technique
● Using probe questions
● Using matching technique*
● Using purposive sampling technique
69. A term which covers all ocular manifestation of Vit-A deficiency i. Conjunctival xerosis,
Corneal xerosis, Night blindness, Bitot spots, Keratomalacia is called: (HBS)
● Night blindness
● Xeropthalmia*
● Keratomalacia
● Conjunctival xerosis
● Corneal xerosis
70. Which one is not a morbidity indicator: (HBS)
● Attendance rate at outpatient department
● Incidence and prevalence
● Admission and discharge rate
● Maternal mortality rate*
● Notification rates
71. A 2-year-old child is brought to an emergency department with history of convulsions. Rapid
general physical examination verifies that he is having Kyphoscoliosis and delay in walking and
teething. X-rays show swollen lower end of the radius. He is suffering from: (HBS)
● Rickets*
● Osteomalacia
● Beriberi
● Pellagra
● Fluorosis
72. The time interval between receipt of infection by a host and maximum infectivity of that host
is called: (HBS) -
● Incubation period
● Serial interval
● Communicable period
● Latent period
● Generation time*
73. A child in the class had lice infestation which then transmitted to more than half of the class in
a very short interval of time. What mode of transmission has lice used in this scenario? (HBS)
● Propagative transmission
● Cyclo-propagative transmission
● Mechanical transmission
● Cyclo-developmental transmission
● Direct transmission*
74. To find the mean of a sample, the sum of the scores (IX) is divided by: (HBS)
● Population size (N)
● Variance (SD2)
● Population mean (U)
● Standard deviation (SD)
● Sample size (n)*
75. Which of the following requires more than one variable? (HBS)
● Pie chart
● Simple bar chart
● One-variable table
● Scatter diagram*
● Frequency distribution
76. If you want to present different ages of all the students of HBS Medical & Dental College,
Islamabad, the best form of graphical presentation will be: (HBS)
● Bar graph
● Scatter plot
● Pie chart
● Histogram*
● Line diagram
77. Prospective screening: (HBS)
● Is done without specific request from authority
● Is done for research
● Is done for case detection
● Is done to screen people for other's benefit*
● Is done to screen people for their own benefit
78. Crude death rate takes into account: (HBS)
● Mid-Year population in denominator*
● Average monthly population in denominator
● Total annual population in denominator
● Population at the end of the observation
● Population at the start of the observation
79. An antigen on introduction into human and animal tissue initiates: (HBS)
● Illness
● Disease
● No response
● Sickness
● Infection*
80. All of the following disease are spread by mosquito except: (HBS)
● yellow fever
● West Nile fever
● Malaria
● Sleeping sickness* (tsestse fly)
● Filariasis
81. All of the following disease are spread by Housefly except: (HBS)
● Cholera
● Diarrhoea/Dysentery
● Kalazar*
● Polio
● Typhoid fever
82. Osteomalacia in women of reproductive age group is due to the deficiency of: (HBS)
● Vitamin A
● Vitamin B
● Vitamin E
● Vitamin C
● Vitamin D*
83. An essential amino acid deficient in pulses is: (HBS)
● Leucine
● Threonine
● Lysine
● Histidine
● Methionine*
84. The temperature of a patient suffering from typhoid fever is 100.20 F. what type of data is it?
(HBS)
● Nominal data
● Continuous data*
● Categorical data
● Technical data
● Ordinal data
85. Statistically, the range of the following incubation periods for hepatitis 27, 31, 15. 30. and 22
days: (HBS)
● 10 days
● 16 days*
● 18 days
● 14 days
● 12 days
86. In a district X a lot of pregnant women were observed to have excess weight gain in
pregnancy. It was decided to launch a program for screening diabetes. The most suitable
strategy will be: (HBS)
● Selective screening of women*
● Periodic health examination of all women
● Multiphasic screening of women
● Mass screening of all women
● Following natural history of disease
87. Koplik's spots are the diagnostic signs of one of the following? (HBS)
OR
88. Koplik's spots is the characteristic of: (RIHS)

● Meningitis
● Measles*
● Whopping cough
● Mumps
● Rubella
89. Term "Invisible fats" is used for the fats that contained in except: (HBS)
● Cereals
● Butter *
● Milk
● Organ meat
● Eggs
90. A statistic which describes the interval of scores bounded by the 25th and 75th percentile
ranks is: (HBS)
● Mean and mode
● Inter quartile range*
● Confidence interval
● Standard deviation
● Coefficient of Variance
91. A researcher is curious about the IQ of engineering students taking exam at university of
Multan. The entire group of students is an example of a: (HBS)
● Confounder
● Parameter
● Sample
● Population*
● Statistic
92. In a research process, the objective to minimize bias and allow for comparability is obtainable
by: (HBS)
● Preliminary test runs
● Randomization*
● Manipulation
● Pilot studies
● Triple blinding
93. House fly transmits disease by all ways except: (HBS)
● Vomit drops
● Blood*
● Defecation.
● Feet.
● Hairy legs
94. A list of 5 pulse rates is: 70, 64, 80, 74, 92. What is the median for this list? (HBS)
● 76
● 77
● 74*
● 80
● 92
95. Form of Entamoeba histolytica infective to man is: (HBS)
● Encysted amoebae with two nuclei
● All of above
● Encysted amoebae with four nuclei*
● Un-encysted amoebae
● Encysted amoebae with six nuclei
96. The stages of a malignant disease (cancer) is recorded using the symbols 0, I, II, Ill. IV. We say
that the scale used is: (HBS)
● Nominal
● Alphanumeric
● Ratio
● Ordinal*
● Numerical
97. Elements of primary health care define the essential needs of the population and includes all
of the following except: (HBS)
● Equitable distribution of resources*
● Safe water and basic sanitation
● Health Education
● Maternal and child health care
● Proper nutrition
98. All of the following cause anaemia in man, except: (HBS)
OR
99. All cause anaemia in man, except: (HBS)

● Malarial parasite
● Taenia Saginata
● Ancylostoma Duodenale
● Ascaris Lumbricoides*
● Leishmania Donovani
100. All are characteristics of bacillary dysentery, except: (HBS)
● Fever is common in an acute disease
● It is an acute disease
● Incubation period is less than 07 days
● Stool is black, foul-smelling, and have acidic reaction*
● Death due to exhaustion, toxemia/glomerulonephritis
101. When disease agent undergoes cyclic change only, but does not multiply in the body
of vector: this process is called: (HBS)
● Propagative transmission
● Cyclo-developmental transmission*
● Cyclo-propagative transmission
● Incomplete metamorphosis
● Mechanical transmission
102. A physician, after examining a group of patients of a certain disease. classifies the
condition of each one as 'Normal', 'Mild', 'Moderate' or 'Severe'. The scale of measurement
that is being adopted for classification of the disease condition is: (HBS/RIHS)
● Numerical
● Ordinal*
● Interval
● Nominal
● Ratio
103. A researcher was interested to investigate relationship between of “Cancer of lungs”
and “Smoking”. An appropriate study design he should prefer among the following would be:
(HBS)
● Cross-sectional comparative study
● Experimental studies without control
● Non-randomized controlled trials
104. An obese woman is concerned about her weight gain during pregnancy. Average
weight gain by a normal healthy woman during pregnancy is: (HBS)
● 5 kg
● 3 kg
● 18 kg
● 7 kg
● 12 kg*
105. Most of the radiations from sunlight are absorbed by earth's surface. Some heat and
Infrared Radiations are returned from earth to outer space to cool earth. Some of this heat
and IR is retained in the earth and captured by greenhouse gases. Which of the following is
NOT a greenhouse gas? (HBS)
● Ozone
● Methane
● Ethane*
● Sulphur dioxide
● Carbon dioxide
106. A woman delivered a dead baby at 30 weeks of gestation. This mortality will be
categorized as: (HBS)
● Late neonatal
● Early neonatal
● Perinatal*
● Infant
● Post neonatal
107. For effective Health Education Discussion Methods of communication are very
effective. all Discussion Methods are followed by discussion except; (HBS)
● Symposium*
● Role playing
● Conference
● Panel discussion
● Workshop
108. Corrected Effective Temperature (CET) is one of the best indices of thermal comfort, as
it deals with all the four factors namely air temperature, velocity, humidity and mean radiant
heat. Comfort Zone is considered pleasant and cool when CET is (HBS)
● 27-28 Deg C
● 28 + Deg C
● 25-27 Deg C
● 20-25 Deg C
● 20 Deg C*
109. A priority disease for immunization in women of childbearing age group is: (HBS)
● Rubella*
● Tuberculosis
● Hepatitis B
● Mumps
● Whooping cough
110. Growth of a population does not depend on (HBS)
● Birth rate
● Out-Migration of population
● Life expectancy*
● In-Migration of population
● Death rate
111. Being a Public Health medical officer, you are sent to a village where an epidemic of
Cholera has been reported. Your task is to Investigate that Epidemic. Your first step will be
(HBS)
● Formulation of hypotheses
● Rapid search for all cases
● Defining population at risk *
● Confirmation of epidemic
● Confirmation of diagnosis
112. Adverse effects of obesity include all except (HBS)
● Hyperlipidaemia
● Coronary heart disease
● Glucose intolerance
● Hypertension
● Hypoglycemia*
113. Epidemiological triad comprises of Agent, Host and Environment. In vector borne
diseases, vectors play part in carrying agent to the host. Mosquito species, Aedes Egypti, acts
as a vector in transmission of (HBS)
● Dengue fever*
● Kalazar
● Malaria
● Oriental sore
● Poliomyelitis
114. In Health Education Approach (HBS)
● Provide services to the people
● Apply legislative measures
● Order the people
● All of above
● Give autonomy to the people*
115. A pregnant woman visits the antenatal clinic to confirm her pregnancy test. She is
advised folic acid and Iron supplementation and instructed to come back at 20th week of
gestation. Minimum required number of visits during antenatal period are: (HBS)
● 2
● 6
● 3
● 4*
● 5
116. Psychological barriers of communication include all EXCEPT (HBS)
● Comprehension difficulties
● Noise*
● Emotional disturbances
● Neurosis
● Level of intelligence
117. A lady comes at 34th week of pregnancy. In case she has not been immunized
previously, the schedule for tetanus immunization will be (HBS)
● Give ton doses immediately
● Give one dose now and another after 1 month of delivery*
● Immunization schedule to be initiated after delivery
● No time for immunization
● Give one dose only immediately
118. All are cultural barriers in communication EXCEPT (HBS)
● taboos
● invisibility*
● Customs
● illiteracy
● attitude
119. Following are the channels for Mass Approach EXCEPT (HBS)
● Microphones*
● Newspaper
● Radio
● Television
● Internet
120. Risk factors of all Health problems are classified into Modifiable and Non-Modifiable.
Preventive measures are applicable for Modifiable Risk Factors. All following Risk Factors are
Modifiable except (HBS)
● Smoking
● Inactivity
● Obesity
● Genetic*
● Hypertension
121. Identification of risk factors during the antenatal period identifies the warning signs of
pregnancy that can be dangerous for the baby or the mother. Which of the following is not a
risk factor neither for the baby, nor for the mother? (HBS)
● Fits
● Swelling of feet
● Headache
● Blurring of vision
● Varicose veins*
122. Maternal risk factor which does not result in LBW babies: (HBS)
● Anemia.
● Unregulated fertility*
● Infections
● Obesity
● Malnutrition
123. A Nutrient especially known for its role in iron absorption and wound healing is (HBS)
● Pyridoxine
● Niacin
● Biotin
● Ascorbic acid*
● Thiamine
124. Infection of the liver can be caused by many viruses. Some are transmitted by faeco-
oral route and some are transmitted through blood. Transmission through faeco-oral route
occurs in (HBS)
● Hepatitis B virus only
● Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C virus
● Hepatitis A and Hepatitis E virus*
● Hepatitis A virus only
● Hepatitis C virus only
125. Domestic accidents include all except (HBS)
● Drowning in the canals and rivers *
● Entrapment in manholes
● Poisoning
● Burns
● Kitchen accidents
126. London disaster of air pollution in 1952, in which thousands had died, was due to
● Tobacco Smoke
● Industrial pollutants *
● Automobile pollutants
● Nuclear plant leakage
● Domestic coal burning
127. A LBW child dies on the 8th day after birth. Its death is (HBS)
● Perinatal death
● Early neonatal death *
● Late neonatal death
● Post neonatal death
● Still birth
128. Excessively obese individuals are not (HBS)
● Lonely
● With drawn
● Secret eaters
● Confident*
● Self-conscious
129. Obesity can be prevented by the use of (HBS)
● Oral contraceptives
● Insulin
● Beta Adrenergic blockers
● Corticosteroid
● Appetite suppressing drugs*
130. Tripod sign is a clinical feature of (HBS)
● Paralytic polio*
● Tuberculosis
● Acute Respiratory Disease
● Hepatitis B
● Severe Diarrhea
131. An examination which is not part of antenatal care during each visit is: (HBS)
● Weight of the woman
● Blood pressure of the woman
● General physical examination
● Urine examination
● Blood grouping*
132. Newborn of a HBsAg positive mother should be given seroprophylaxis combined with
vaccine within (HBS)
● Within 24 hours of birth*
● Within 48 hours of birth
● Within 36 hours after birth
● Within two weeks after birth
● Within a week after birth
133. A 60-year-old lady is brought in a hospital for a sudden loss of consciousness. She is a
diagnosed case of diabetes mellitus and on insulin treatment. She could not take breakfast.
The investigation of choice is: (HBS)
● Glucose tolerance test
● Serum ketones*
● Glycosylated Hb
● Urinary glucose
● Random blood sugar
134. Included among the essential aminoacids are all except (HBS)
● tryptophan
● Histidine
● Phenylalanine
● Serine*
● Lysine
135. A term which covers all ocular manifestation of Vit-A deficiency ie Conjunctival
xerosis, Corneal xerosis, Night blindness, Bitot spots, Keratomalacia is called (HBS)
● Night blindness
● Keratomalacia
● Xeropthalmia *
● Conjunctival xerosis
● Corneal xerosis
136. Demographic pyramid is a (HBS)
● Pictogram
● Histogram**
● Pie chart
● Venn diagram
● Bar chart
137. A medical office suffered needle stick injury during a surgical procedure of a patient of
hepatitis B. Immediately he was inoculated with HBIG. which one of the following will be
provided to him by this injection (HBS)
● Passive artificial immunity *
● passive natural immunity
● Active artificial immunity
● Both Active and Passive Immunity
● Active natural immunity
138. Calculate the Apgar score of a new born who is completely pink, with slow irregular
respiration, heart rate below 100/min, good muscle tone and good response to external
stimuli. (HBS)
● 8*
● 5
● 6
● 7
● 10
139. Natural increase in population is (HBS)
● Births-Deaths
● Total population + Births + In migrations*
● Birth + In migration — out migration
● Birth + In migration
● In migrations - Out migrations
140. Causes of road traffic accidents include all except (HBS)
● Overspeeding all overtaking
● Provision of seat belts in the vehicles*
● Mechanical faults in vehicles
● Overloading
● Addiction
141. Number of deaths during the year divided by mid year population multiplied by 1000
is (HBS)
● Standardized rate
● Proportionate mortality rate
● Case fatality rate
● Crude death rate*
● Specific death rate
142. In case of Hepatitis A, reservoir of infection includes (HBS)
● Vector only
● Human cases and chronic carriers
● Human cases only*
● Human chronic carriers only
● Human cases and a vector
143. Cholera epidemic reaches a peak and subsides gradually as the force of infection
declines. Elimination of contaminated water does not immediately bring an outbreak to an
end, but a so-called "tail" of the epidemic is produced. Tail is mainly due to (HBS)
● The continuation of transmission through contacts *
● Vaccination of cases
● Delay in treatment of the cases
● Transmission of disease through food
● Transmission of disease through mosquitoes
144. The most serious complication of influenza is: (HBS)
● Tracheitis
● Pneumonia*
● Bronchitis
● Myocarditis
● Bronchiolitis
145. Demographic Pyramid is a very useful tool to determine important Demographic
variables. Given is is showing few of them. Trace one variable which cannot be determined by
Demographic Pyramid (HBS)
● Age-sex distribution
● Fertility
● Birth Rate
● Sex ratio
● Literacy Rate*
146. While counseling a young mother, the LHV dispels her fears about the initial milk
secreted by the breasts after delivery called Colostrum. She explains that this Colostrum has
essential nutrients for the baby. Colostrum contains a high amount of one of the vitamins
which is: (HBS)
● Vitamin B
● Vitamin A*
● Vitamin K
● Vitamin C
● Vitamin D
147. In Monteux test, result of the test is read after 48-96 hours of injecting tuberculin.
Tuberculin reaction consists of erythema and induration. Monteux test is positive if induration
(HBS)
● is less than 6 mm
● no induration
● exceeds 10 mm*
● is between 6 and 9 mm
● is 20 mm or more
148. Atmospheric Pressure at sea level is (HBS)
● Zero mm. / Hg
● 840 mm. / Hg
● 100 mm. / Hg
● 360 mm. / Hg
● 760 mm. / Hg*
149. in polio, Incubation period usually is (HBS)
● 7 to 14 days*
● 14 to 21 days
● 1 to 4 days
● Less than 1 day
● 4 to 7 days
150. Typhoid fever is mainly transmitted by (HBS)
● Respiratory transmission
● Air borne transmission
● Faeco- oral transmission*
● Direct contact transmission
● Sexual transmission
151. Newborn of an HIV positive mother should be given seroprophylaxis combined with
vaccine within (HBS)
● First hour after birth
● Within a week after birth
● Immediately after birth*
● Within 12 hours of birth
● Within 24 hours after birth
152. **Vibrio cholera can be killed by all of the following except (HBS)
● Keeping in ice for 4 weeks *
● Within a few seconds by boiling
● Drying and sunshine in a few hours.
● Bleaching powder, 6 mg/litre
● Within 30 minutes by heating at 56 deg.0
153. While measuring skin fold thickness the sum of measurements should be (HBS)
● Less than 20 mm in boys and 30 mm in girls
● Less than 40 mm in boys and 50 mm in girls*
154. Regarding effect of high altitude, all of the following statements are true EXCEPT (HBS)
● Un-acclimatized man can survive only for a few minutes at 25000 ft
● Oxygen concentration continues to increase at higher altitudes*
● The highest altitude at which man can live and work is between 17,000 to 18,000 ft.
● Pressure falls by 1 lbs. / sq. inch on ascent of 1800 ft
● Temp. falls by 1 F on ascent of 300 ft
155. In Paralytic polio, nervous system involvement does not include (HBS)
● Respiratory insufficiency
● Descending Paralysis
● Asymmetrical patchy paralysis
● Sensory loss*
● Cranial nerve involvement
156. Road traffic accidents cannot be prevented by (HBS)
● Control of over speeding
● Provision of traffic signals
● Traffic education programs for public
● Provision of seat halts in the vehicles
● Violation of traffic laws*
157. For routine work a plumber has to use Pneumatic tool e.g. drill or pipe cutting
machines, which is the most likely disease he can develop out of his occupation (HBS)
● Chilblain
● Welders arc
● Heat exhaustion
● Miner's nystagmus
● White finger syndrome*
158. Basal Metabolic rate of an adult male with a body surface area of 2.25 m.sq is (HBS)
● 1460Kcal
● 1280Kcal
● 1900Kcal
● 2160Kcal*
● 1680Kcal
159. A resident in the Neonatal ICU is doing a research on the risk factors associated with
greater mortality rates. Which of the following conditions is associated with a greater than
normal risk for a neonate according to the current literature? (HBS)
● Those born after 37 weeks of gestation
● Infants with a birth weight of 3 kg
● Gradual weight gain during the last four months
● Birth order 5 or more*
● Infant with stay at home mother
160. The level of severity of any disease is judged by (HBS)
● Incidence rate
● Attack rate
● Incidence density
● Case fatality rate*
● Secondary attack rate
161. The antenatal clinic in a primary health center aims to identify all high risk
pregnancies. All the following factors contribute towards high risk pregnancy except: (HBS)
● Gravida 3*
● Antepartum hemorrhage
● Short stature
● Elderly primigravida
● Malpresentation
162. Dust inhalation is a big risk factor in minors. Size of Respirable Dust is; (HBS)
● Less than 5 micron*
● Less than 7 micron
● Less than 10micron
163. In calculating Age Dependency Ratio, Denominator will be; (HBS)
● Population 15-64 years*
● Population 0-14 years
● Population 65+ years
164. Few rules of Group Discussion are mentioned here. Point out which is not one of these
rules. (HBS)
● Interrupt when others are speaking*
● Listen to what others say
● Make only relevant remarks
● Express ideas clearly and concisely
● Accept criticism gracefully
165. Doubling time of the population can be calculated by (HBS)
● Constant divided by Growth Rate*
● Growth Rate multiplied by a constant
● Birth Rate divided by Death Rate
● Growth Rate divided by the constant
● Birth Rate minus Death Rate
166. Best approach for Health Education is (HBS)
● Health education approach*
● Non of above
● Service approach
● Primary health care approach
● Regulatory approach
167. A newborn baby is brought to MCH center for immunization on the second day after
home delivery. Which one of the following vaccines should be given to him? (HBS)
● DPT
● Cholera
● Measles
● Oral polio*
● Rubella
168. Population pyramid does not provide information about (HBS)
● Birth Rate
● Male: Female Ratio
● Contraceptive Prevalence Rate*
● Dependency Ratio
● Life Expectancy
169. The best single parameter for assessing physical growth of a child is: (HBS)
● Weight for height
● Head circumference
● Mid upper-arm circumference
● Height for age*
● Weight for age
170. In cholera, Incubation period ranges From (HBS)
● 2 to 3 weeks
● From 7 to 10 days
● From a few hours to 5 days*
171. A combined triple Vaccine against three diseases can be given to the child at 9th and
15 th months. The targeted disease in this vaccine are (HBS)
● Measles, Malaria and Rubella
● Measles, Mumps and Rabies
● Mumps, Meningitis and Rabies
● Measles, Meningitis and Rabies
● Measles, Mumps and Rubella*
172. Clinical types of diarrheal diseases include acute watery diarrhea, acute bloody
diarrhea, persistent diarrhea and diarrhea with severe malnutrition. Which of the following
microorganisms is most frequent cause of acute bloody diarrhea? (HBS)
● E. Coli,
● Shigella*
● Streptococcus
● Rotavirus
● V. Cholera,
173. When an individual susceptible to polio is exposed to infection, one of the four
responses may occur: in-apparent (subclinical) infection, abortive polio or minor illness, non-
paralytic polio and paralytic polio. Paralytic polio is likely to occur in (HBS)
● 90% of all infections
● Less than 1% of all infections*
174. Solid waste excreta, that settle down in the septic tank is called (HBS)
● Scum
● Sewage
● Sludge*
● Sewer
● Silage
175. Baby Friendly hospitals Initiative promotes Breast Feeding to a new born within: (HBS)
● 2 hours after birth
● 7 days after birth
● An hour after birth*
● 3 hours birth
● Half an hour after birth
176. The main diagnostic features of scabies are all of the below mentioned criteria except:
(HBS)
● Secondary infection leads to crusted papules and pustules
● Confirmation of the diagnosis may be made by searching for the parasite in the skin debris
under microscope
● The diagnosis is confirmed if other members of the household are not affected*
● The patient complains of itching which is worse at night.
● The patient complains of itching which is worse at night.
177. Denominator of Maternal Mortality Ratio is (HBS)
● Total number of deliveries in same year
● Total number of live births and still births.
● Total number of live births weighing over 1000 gms at birth
● Total number of live births in same year*
● Total number of pregnant women in the same year
178. Combined effect of immigration and emigration is: (HBS)
● Gross migration*
● Population dynamics
● Urbanization
● Net migration
● Demographic transition
179. Which is not the principle of Health Education? (HBS)
● Participation
● Motivation
● Interest
● Feedback
● Legal help*
OR
● Changeability*
● Participation
● Reinforcement
● Interest
● Motivation
180. Experimental study is similar in approach to Cohort Study except (HBS)
● Control group is required
● Involves some intervention*
● It is expensive
● Large sample size is required
● A forward-looking study
181. Obesity does not result in (HBS)
● Frustration
● Anxiety
● Depression
● Self satisfaction*
● Loneliness
182. In early expanding stage of Demographic Transition (HBS)
● The death rate begins to decline, while the birth rate remains unchanged*
● The death rate remains stationary, while the birth rate starts rising
● Both death and birth rate remain unchanged
● The death rate begins to rise, while the birth rate remains unchanged
● The death rate begins to rise, while the birth rate starts falling
183. Which of the following diseases is most likely to be transmitted through housefly as a
mechanical vector? (HBS)
● Scabies
● Influenza
● Typhoid*
● Hepatitis C
● Mumps
184. Name AIETA Model for Health Education is an acronym derived from initial letters of
each of successive parts of major steps of Model. All the following steps are written correct
except; (HBS)
● Adoption
● Trial
● Action*
● Interest
● Evaluation
185. Psychosocial environment has a great bearing on health of workers. These hazards
cause both psychological and psychosomatic diseases. Pick one psychological disease out of
given list of psychosomatic diseases (HBS)
● Rapid aging
● Peptic ulcer
● Hypertension
● Depression*
● Heart attack
186. A woman delivers a baby of 2 kg. this baby is at risk of death of which of the following
(HBS) conditions:
● Pneumonia
● Hypertension
● Pulmonary hemorrhages
● Atelectasis*
● Coronary artery disease
187. Vectors play important role in transmission of many diseases. Many vectors have
wings and it is a characteristic feature of one of these vectors that second longitudinal vein on
its wings branches twice, first branching in the middle of the wing. This is characteristic of
(HBS)
● Housefly
● Mite
● Mosquito
● Sandfly*
● Lice
188. Food poisoning can be due to bacterial causes or non- bacterial causes. In bacterial
food poisoning, which one of the following is not a common causative agent (HBS)
● Salmonella*
● Streptococcus
● Clostridium perfringens
● Staphylococcus
● Clostridium botulinum
189. Low birth weight baby is one who has weight less than------ at birth. (HBS)
● 1.5 kg
● 4.5 kg
● 2.5 kg*
● 1 kg
● 3.5 kg
190. One of the eating habits that reduces Obesity is (HBS)
● Eating high energy diet
● Increased fat content in diet
● Eating High Fibre diet*
● Preference for sweets
● Eating in between meals
191. Regulatory approach in Health Education means: (HBS)
● Regular community feedback on outcome
● Implementation through legal way*
● Regular booster doses of knowledge
● Regular visit to families for health education
● Visits of community members for guidance
192. You are posted in a BHU and you are assigned a task to educate rural women of your
area about homemade ORS. The best way of educating them is (HBS)
● Audio-tape
● Demonstration*
● Videos
● Lectures
● Posters
193. First line treatment of tuberculosis includes bactericidal as well as bacteriostatic
drugs. Which of the following drugs is bacteriostatic? (HBS)
● INH
● Rifampicin
● Streptomycin
● Ethambutol*
● Pyrazinamide
194. Principles of Health Education include all except (HBS)
● Order*
● Motivation
● Good human relationship
● Interest
● Reinforcement
195. Which one of the following vitamins plays an important role in the absorption of
calcium? (HBS)
● Vitamin "K"
● Vitamin "C"
● Vitamin "A"
● Vitamin "D"*
● Vitamin "E"
196. Experimental study in animals is useful in all aspects except (HBS)
● Animals can be bred in laboratories and manipulated easily according to the wish of
investigators
● Anatomy, Physiology, pathology, immunology, microbiology, chemotherapy, genetics etc
can be studied
● We always get similar results of intervention in animals in can be obtained in man*
● Epidemic can be induced in animals and study herd immunity without any ethical issues
● Easy to carry out certain experiments as genetic because of rapid growth
197. Out of the following method which is not used for assessment of obesity is (HBS)
● Waiste circumference
● Waiste Hip ratio
● Measurement of skin fold thickness
● Body weight assessment
● Total body calcium level*
198. Out of following steps of an Experimental study, the most important step, given the
name "Heart" is; (HBS)
● Manipulation or Intervention
● Follow up
● Randomization*
● Interpretation/Assessment of Outcome
● Selection of Reference and Experimental populations
199. Agent factors are one of important epidemiological determinants of any
communicable disease. In case of hepatitis A, which of following statements is true regarding
Hepatitis A virus? (HBS)
● It is not affected by chlorine in doses usually employed for chlorination.
● It cannot survive more than 5 weeks in well water*
● It is not resistant to low pH, heat and chemicals
● It multiplies only in red blood cell
● It cannot withstand heating to 60 deg C for half an hour
200. Mode of transmission in polio is through (HBS)
● Droplet spread only
● Blood borne transmission
● Contact transmission
● Faeco-oral route only
● Faeco-oral and Droplet*
201. A 35-year-old lady came to a medical practitioner with history of persistent headache.
Her blood pressure was found to be 130/85. The doctor categorized her blood pressure as:
(HBS)
● Severe hypertension
● Mild hypertension
● Normal
● Moderate hypertension
● High normal* (pre hypertension?)
202. When a vertical line drawn from the edge of the desk touches the margin of the seat
then it is: (HBS)
● Minus desk
● Plus desk
● Zero desk*
● Writing desks
203. Plus desk seating arrangement is not recommended because these desks cause; (HBS)
● Knee knocking
● ENT problems
● Mental disorders
● Scoliosis*
● Osteoporosis
204. First observer of deviated behavior of a student is; (HBS)
● Medical officer
● Vaccinator
● School Health Attendant
● School Health Nurse
● School teacher*
205. In a school, one Privy should be for; (HBS)
● 50 students
● 75 students
● 100 students*
● 125 students
● 150 students
206. In a school one Urinal is for; (HBS)
● 25 students
● 60 students*
● 75 students
● 100 students
● 125 students
207. Land required for Higher elementary school is (HBS)
● 3 acres
● 4 acres
● 5 acres
● 10 acres*
● 15 acres
208. Land required for Primary school is; (HBS)
● acres
● 2 acres
● 3 асres
● 4 acres
● 5 аcres*
209. With additional one acre of land per additional; (HBS)
● 25 students
● 50 students
● 75 students
● 100 students*
● 125 students
210. In a classrooms minimum floor space should be; (HBS)
● 50 square feet
● 100 square feet
● 125 square feet
● 150 square feet*
● 175 square feet
211. The level of roof of a classroom should be at least; (HBS)
● 10 Feet
● 12 Feet*
● 14 Feet
● 16 Feet
● 18 Feet
212. ln one classroom there should not be more than; (HBS)
● 40 Students*
● 50 Students
● 60 Students
● 70 Students
● 100 Students
213. The following are important school health problems except; (HBS)
● Accidents
● Scabies
● Parasitic infestation
● Dental Caries
● Diabetes mellitus*
214. The one most important function of school health services out of following is. (HBS)
● Assurance of proper sitting facilities
● Immunization of the students
● Health education of the parents of students
● Medical inspection of the students*
● Nutritional supplementation of the students
215. During a health education class, the School Health Nurse stresses the importance of
hand washing practices among children. Which of the following health problem can be
prevented by adequate hand washing? (HBS)
● HBV infection
● Diarhoea*
● Malaria
● Plague
● Yellow fever
216. World No Tobacco Day is celebrated each year on: (HBS)
● 7th March
● 31st May*
● 10th July
● 11th September
● 01st December
217. A woman, of 40 years age, wants to have an advice on use of spacing contraceptives.
She has a family history of cardiac problems and also two past C-sections. The best choice for
be would be: (HBS)
● Progesterone only pill*
● Combined pill
● IUCD
● Once a month pill
● Combined injectable contraceptive
218. A 30-year-old woman, having two boys, came from a remote village to an MCH Centre
for advice on contraception. Her per vaginum examination showed inflamed cervix; she
admitted her inability to visit the facility on regular basis. Which method of contraception
would be the best for her? (HBS)
● OCPS
● IUCD
● Tubal ligation
● Condoms
● Implant*
219. One Main function of Contraceptive is; (HBS)
● To bring out wanted pregnancies
● To avoid unwanted pregnancies*
● To space the pregnancies
● To improve fertility woman
● To produce permanent infertility
220. Condoms possess one extra advantage which any other contraceptive method does
not have. This is. (HBS)
● Very cheap by cost
● Easy to use
● Use does not require supervision
● Has no metabolic effects
● Protects against STDS*
221. 100% protection is provided by one of the following spacing contraceptive methods;
(HBS)
● IUC devices
● Condoms
● Cervical caps
● Hormonal pills*
● Spermicidal creams
222. All are adverse effects of COC Pills except (HBS)
● Myocardial Infarction
● Cerebral Thrombosis
● Permanent infertility*
● Venous Thrombosis
● Hypertension
223. In human body, HIV acts by; (HBS)
● Disturbing hormonal balance
● Breaking down immune system*
● Paralyzing Sensory nerves
● Causing thrombosis
● Decreasing platelets
224. HIV infection is a problem with many serious issues for mankind. The greatest threat
of this infection is; (HBS)
● Still no vaccine has been discovered
● Still no treatment is available
● Once infected, remains infected for life
● Opportunistic infections are common*
● No herd immunity for this infection
225. Incubation Period of HIV infection is; (HBS)
● Six weeks
● Six months
● One year
● Ten years
● Uncertain*
226. There are many established modes of transmission of HIV infection. In Pakistan the
most prevalent mode of transmission is; (HBS)
● IV drug abusers*
● Sexual contacts
● Blood transfusion
● Organ transplant
● Trans vertical
227. HIV Infection occurs mostly between 20-44 years age group. Highest incidence in
which age group occurs? (HBS)
● 15-19 years age group
● 20-24 years age group*
● 35 years plus age group
228. Geriatrics is considered to be very important issue in Preventive Medicine because of
global increase in number of senior citizens. It is; (HBS)
● A Science Dealing with the problem and diseases of old age
● A Knowledge of Combination of physical and psychological changes of old age*
● A process of progressive and generalized impairment of function of old people
● A social work of helping old people to fulfill their requirements
● A demographic study of causes of increasing old population
229. Substance abuse is a medical as well as a social problem. Drug abuser, during the
period of his drug intake, passes through different stages to reach final stage of Physical
Dependence. One of these phases is Psychological Dependence. Following are the
characteristics of it except; (HBS)
● Psychological desire
● Little or no tendency to increase the dose*
● Diminishing effects of same dose
● No withdrawal syndrome
● Effects the individual only
230. A drug abused in which there is no physical dependence, no tolerance and no
withdrawal symptoms is; (HBS)
● Amphetamines
● Barbiturates
● Caffeine*
● Cocaine
● Cannabis
231. Mode of action of Oral Contraceptive Pills is: (HBS)
● By blocking the secretion of growth hormone
● By increasing the viscosity of vaginal flora
● By killing the sperms
● By blocking the pituitary secretion of gonadotropin*
● By blocking the secretion of renal gland
232. All are non-contraceptive benefits of oral contraceptives pills except it gives
protection against. (HBS)
● Benign breast disorders
● Carcinoma Cervix
● Iron deficiency anemia
● Ovarian cyst
● Un diagnosed uterine bleeding*
233. Failure rate of IUCD per 1000 insertion is (HBS)
● <1*
● >1
● 3 to 5
● 5 to 8
● 10
234. Parasite that causes the most severe form of malaria is; (HBS)
● Combined P. Ovale
● P.ovale only
● P. malaria only
● P.vivax only
● P.faciparum only*
235. Mosquito that have high preferences for animal blood are called; (HBS)
● Anthrophilic specie
● Endophagus Species
● Exophagus Species
● Endophilic spesies
● Zoophilic Species*
236. Mosquito that have high preference for human blood are; (HBS)
● Anthrophilic species*
● Endophagus species
● Exophagus species
● Exophilic species
● Zoophilic species
237. Malaria eradication program was started in Pakistan in; (HBS)
● 1955*
● 1960
● 1965
● 1970
● 1976
238. The area is called hyper endemic for malaria if spleen rate is (HBS)
● 0%
● <10%
● 11-50%
● 51-75%*
● >75%
239. All are principles of Primary Health Care except. (HBS)
● Appropriate technology
● Community participation
● Equality*
● Equity
● Multisectoral approach
240. Number of MDGs directly relate to health are (HBS)
● 3*
● 4
● 5
● 6
● 7
241. Number of BHUS attached with one RHC are. (HBS)
● 1 to 5
● 1 to 10
● 2 to 10
● 5 to 10*
● 5 to 15
242. FLCF stands for. (HBS)
● First level critical facility
● First level contact facility
● First level care facility*
● Final level critical facility
243. Total number of SDGS are; (HBS)
● 7
● 9
● 17*
● 15
● 13
244. All were the drawbacks in the old Health Information System except; (HBS)
● Lack of motivated staff
● Lack of printed supplies*
● Manual data processing
● Multiple overlapping reports
● Unfocused disease indicators
245. All are topological disasters except; (HBS)
● Avalanches
● Cyclones
● Floods
● Landslides
● Storms*
246. After a disaster, TRIAGE is an approach for; (HBS)
● Immunization of affected people
● Provision of food and shelter to the people
● Rehabilitation of the affected people
● Removal of dead bodies from the area
● Prioritization of helping affected people*
247. If we compare losses both in floods and earthquakes, then in an earthquake there are:
(HBS/RIHS)
OR
248. If we compare flood and an earthquake, then in an earthquake there are: (HBS)
OR
249. In comparison to floods, earthquakes have: (HBS)
● Equal deaths and injuries
● Less damage to civic facilities
● Less structural loss
● More deaths than injuries
● More injuries than deaths*
250. Any loss or abnormality of physiological or psychological nature, which results in
dysfunction of any organ, is called. (HBS)
● Death
● Disability
● Handicap
● Impairment*
● Injury
251. Any restriction or lack of ability to perform an activity within the range considered
normal for an individual is called. (HBS)
● Death
● Disability*
● Handicap
● Impairment
● Injury
252. Disadvantage as a result of impairment or disability is called; (HBS)
● Death
● Disability
● Handicap*
● Impairment
● Injury
253. Tobacco use is associated with all the following cancers except; (HBS)
● Bladder
● Lungs
● Nasal septum*
● Oral cavity
● Pharynx
254. All are leading Personal Health problems of school students except; (HBS)
● Communicable diseases
● Dental caries
● Malnutrition
● Parasitic infections
● Unsafe drinking water*
255. Median value is the; (HBS)
● 25th percentile
● 50th percentile*
● 75th percentile
● 80th percentile
● 90th percentile
256. There are 4 children in a family. This is an example of; (HBS)
● Continuous data
● Cooked data
● Discrete data*
● Nominal data
● Ordinal data
257. Most powerful and popular way of presenting ordinal / ranked data is (HBS)
● Cumulative frequency table
● Multiple bar charts
● Pie chart*
● Relative frequency table
● Simple table
258. Total area covered in a normal/ standard distribution curve is taken as; (HBS)
● 1*
● 2
● 5
● 10
● 5
259. A 25 years old lady was fitted with an IUCD. The most likely side effect she is going to
have will be; (HBS)
● Ectopic pregnancy.
● Increase vaginal bleeding*
● Low backache.
● Pelvic infection.
● Spontaneous expulsion
260. A couple has completed its family. The most simple and effective family planning
method will be; (HBS)
● Abstinence,
● IUCD*,
● Condoms*
● Oral contraceptive pills.
● Vasectomy
261. All are non-contraceptive benefits of oral contraceptive pills except it gives protection
against; (HBS)
● Benign breast disorders
● Carcinoma of cervix
● Iron deficiency anaemia
● Ovarian cyst.
● Undiagnosed uterine bleeding*
262. All are contra indications for oral contraceptive pills except; (HBS)
● Cancer of genitals.
● Carcinoma breast,
● Liver disease.
● Renal impairment*
● Undiagnosed uterine bleeding
263. A 55 years old industrial worker came to OPD with complaints of deafness. He has
been working 10 hours a day with exposure to noise of 90db and 2000 Hz. What is the most
likely cause of his deafness? (HBS)
● Age of worker
● Mental stress
● Duration of work
● Dust particles
● Loudness of sound*
264. An industrial worker presented with blue line on gums and on blood CP test, stippling
of RBC. The most likely industry he has worked in is; (HBS)
● Lead pipes*
● Poultry
● Cotton
● Agriculture
● Sugar cane
265. Following does not represent the submerged portion of iceberg; (HBS)
● Diagnosed cases*
● Latent cases
● Pre symptomatic carriers
● Incubatory carriers
● Subclinical cases
266. Paris green is used as; (HBS)
● Repellant
● Anti-Adult measure
● Anti- Larval measure*
● Residual spray
● Space spray
267. Host in which agent passes asexual cycle is called. (HBS)
● Definitive host
● Obligate host
● Intermediate host*
● Transport host
● None of above
268. Following arthropod is mechanical carrier of disease agents; (HBS)
● Mosquito
● Housefly*
● Louse
● Sand fly
● Rat flea
269. Considering the type of Host in different diseases, which of the following statement is
correct? (HBS)
● Man is the definitive host in malaria
● Mosquito is the definitive host in filariasis
● Man is the intermediate host in filariasis
● Mosquito is the intermediate host in malaria
● Mosquito is the definitive host in malaria*
270. Causative agent of malaria is; (HBS)
● Culex mosquito
● Anopheline mosquito
● Aedes mosquito
● Plasmodium*
271. In a shanty town of Karachi where intermittent water supply system is existing, a
woman noticed lots of mosquitoes which were black and spotted around the water tank.
Keeping in mind this situation which disease is likely to be seen in this family? (HBS)
● Dengue*
● Yellow fever
● Malaria
● Filariasis
● Encephalitis
272. Artificial collections of water are a breeding medium for; (HBS)
● Aedes*
● Mansoni
● Anopheles
● Culex
● A and C
273. Malaria is a disease transmitted to man by vector transmission. Vector of Malaria is;
(HBS)
● Male Aedes aegypti mosquito
● Female Aedes aegypti mosquito
● Female Anopheline mosquito*
● Male Anopheline mosquito
● Housefly
274. The malarial parasite with widest distribution throughout the world is: (HBS)
● P.vivax*
● P.falciparum
● P.malariae
● P.ovale
● Anopheles
275. Professor of public health was delivering lecture on Arthropod Borne Diseases and
their control. On query of a student, he said that the best approach for the control of
arthropod borne diseases is; (HBS)
● Chemical control
● Genetic control
● Insect growth regulation
● Source reduction*
276. A medical officer working at BHU in the periphery of Baluchistan noticed that most of
the people presented with painful cutaneous ulcers on the exposed parts of the body. Almost
all of them gave history that it started as agranular nodule after some insect bit. The medical
officer Almost all realized that they had been bitten by: (HBS)
● Aedes Aegypti
● Phelbotomus*( sandfly)
● Xenopsyella cheopsis
● Ormithotorous Moubata
● Glossinae palpalis
277. A man reports with fever and rigors; chills and lethargy: His blood CP is positive for
crescent like structures in RBCS related to a parasite involved in this disease. Which arthropod
comes to your mind as a transmitter of this disease? (HBS)
● Mosquito*
● Louse
● Tick
● Mite
● Flea
278. For the purpose of Health Planning the term "resources" implies various resources
needed for the performance of any action / program. It includes all of the following except;
(HBS)
● Manpower
● Money
● Goals and Objectives*
● Infrastructure
● Time
279. Which one is not a combined vaccine? (HBS)
● MMR Vaccine
● TT Vaccine*
● DT Vaccine
● DPT Vaccine
● Penta Vaccine
280. Solid excreta which settle down in the tanks is called: (HBS)
● Sullage
● Sludge*
● Sewage
● Sewer
● Garbage
281. Wastewater containing solid and liquid excreta is: (HBS)
● Refuse
● Garbage
● Sullage
● Sewage*
● Sludge
282. In the component of Triage black colour stands for (HBS)
● Ambulatory patients
● Search and rescue of victims
● Highest priority treatment
● Medium Priority
● Dead (Least priority)*
283. In Disaster Management the component of tagging does not include. (HBS)
● Name
● Age
● Place of birth
● Ambulatory Care*
● Triage Category
284. Majority of the mortality by road traffic accidents in car drivers can be prevented by
wearing: (HBS)
● Seat belts*
● Safety helmets
● Leather clothing
● Goggles
● Gloves
285. Toxic Hospital refuse is best disposed off by; (HBS)
● Composting
● Dumping
● Incineration*
● Burial
● Sanitary Landfill
286. Domestic accidents include all except; (HBS)
● Burns
● Poisoning
● Entrapment in manhole
● Kitchen accidents
● Road traffic accidents*
287. Almost all the health agencies of the world agree that Primary Health Care (PHC) is the
best strategy for health care, An important principle of PHC is. (HBS)
● Community participation*
● Community sanitation
● Economic development
● Equal health budget for all countries
● Provision of international aid
288. During Disasters, rapidly classifying the injured on the basis of severity of injuries and
chances of survival with prompt medical intervention; is a part of. (HBS)
● Disaster Mitigation
● Field Care
● Provision of first aid
● Triage*
● Tagging
289. Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) is a standard test which is an indicator of organic
content of the sewage. It is the amount of oxygen utilized by. (HBS)
● Aerobic bacteria in sewage*
● Aquatic life in sewage
● Chemical pollutants in sewage
● Inorganic matter in sewage
● Pathogenic bacteria in sewage
290. Which is not the principle of primary health care. (HBS)
● Cost effectiveness*
● Intersectoral coordination
● Equity
291. The first contact of a client with the health system is in a: (HBS)
● Specialized institution
● Primary health care facility*
● Secondary health care facility
● Teaching institution
● Tertiary health care facility
292. Which of the following is not included in the eight elements of PHC? (HBS)
● Essential drugs
● Safe drinking water and sanitation
● Maternal and child health
● Occupational health*
● Treatment of locally endemic diseases
293. All are characteristics of a good incinerator except; (HBS)
● Burning should be less then 90%
● It should be double chambered
● It should have preferably wet filters**
● The emission must be free of health hazards
● Temperature must be 300 to 400 degree Celsius***
294. All are included in GOBI-FFF except: (HBS)
● Basic education*
● Family planning
● Growth monitoring
● Immunization
● Oral rehydration therapy
295. SDGS are expected to be attained by the year: (HBS)
● 2025
● 2028
● 2030*
● 2035
● 2040
296. All are contraindications for contraceptive use except. (HBS) - (these are all C/I)
● Cancer of cervix*
● Pelvic inflammatory disease
● Suspected pregnancy
● Thromboembolism
● Vaginal bleeding of unknown etiology
297. Mode of action of oral contraceptive pills is by: (HBS)
● Blocking the secretion of growth hormone.
● Increasing viscosity of vaginal flora
● Killing the sperms
● Blocking pituitary secretion of gonadotrophins*
● Blocking secretion of renal hormone
298. Pre- Placement Examination is a very important component for Occupational Health.
Its purpose is to; (HBS)
● Keep a record of health of workers
● Use its findings to notify
● Place the right man in right job*
● Adjust the pay scales for workers
● Increase Medical Allowance for him
299. Workers having healed or active tuberculosis of lungs should not opt occupation
where mentioned hazard is present. (HBS)
● Lead
● Dyes
● Silica*
● Heat
● Sugar cane
300. Under Mines Act, the number of Notifiable diseases are; (HBS)
● 4
● 6
● 8*
● 10
● 12
301. Replacement of a harmful material by a harmless one or of lesser toxicity is
recommended for good health of workers. Given substitutions are important except; (HBS)
● White Phosphorus by Phosphorus sesquisulphide
● Zinc or iron paints by Lead paints
● Mercury salts by Silver salts
● Benzene by Acetone
● All substitutions are wrong*
302. If a female worker becomes widow, leave with full payment, equal to the pay of the
worker, given to her, for a period of, (HBS)
● 2 months
● 3 months
● 4 months*
● 5 months
● 6 months
303. There are 10 individuals in a population and they have same hemoglobin level that is
14g/dL. As there is no variability, the standard deviation will be (HBS)
● 0*
● 1,-1.
● 0,1
● +2.
● -2
304. Standard deviation is a measure of variation in data set because it tells how much
data is spread around the: (HBS)
● Mean*
● Median
● Mode
● Variance.
● Average deviation
305. The temperatures of 6 patients admitted in a hospital due to fever are 102, 103, 101,
100, 102 and 104F. The mean observation is: (HBS)
● 102*
● 100
● 104
● 101
● 103
306. The ages of five children presenting in pediatric emergency department after an
outbreak of diarrhea are 1, 8, 6, 3, 7 years. The median of their ages is: (HBS)
● 25
● 6*
● 4.5
● 12.5
● 7
307. In a study conducted on 8 patients, their respiratory rates were found to be 11, 12, 14,
20, 16, 17, 19, and 18 breaths per minutes. Their median respiratory rate is: (HBS)
● 11
● 16*
● 16.5
● 17
● 17.5
308. Following belong to Phylum Arthropoda EXCEPT: (HBS)
● Insects
● Spiders
● Scorpions
● Centipedes
● Bats*
309. The commonest and most familiar of all insects (..) to man: (HBS)
● Mosquito
● Housefly*
● Louse
● Sand fly
● Itch mite
310. The most frequently used measure of deviation is: (HBS)
● Mean deviation
● Standard deviation*
● Range
● Average deviation
● Variance
311. Following is the probability sampling: (HBS)
● Convenience sampling
● Stratified random sampling*
● Judgment sampling
● Proportional sampling
● Snowball sampling
312. Following is the non-probability sampling technique: (HBS)
● Simple random sampling
● Systematic random sampling
● Stratified random sampling
● Cluster sampling
● Snowball sampling*
313. The area between two standard deviations on either side of the mean (X + 2S) will
include approx. how much values in the distribution? (HBS)
● 68%
● 95%*
● 99.7%
● 100%
● 90%
314. Six of the ten family members living in a single room house complain of intense itching
with scratching in axillae, groin & hands; it is more marked at night. The most likely diagnosis
is: (HBS)
● Scabies*
● Dermatitis
● Eczema
● Psoriasis
● Dermatosis
315. A school child is diagnosed to have chicken pox. He should be isolated from other
school children till: (HBS)
● The scabs fall off
● Two days after the scabs are formed
● Three days after the fever develops
● Five days after the development of pustules**
● Seven days after the development of pustules
316. A pregnant lady comes to Gynae OPD complaining about increasing lethargy and
shortness of breath. On examination she is found to have glossitis. Her blood CP reveals
macrocytic anemia. The most likely deficiency which has caused this condition is: (HBS)
● Folic acid*
● Pantothenic acid
● Niacin
● Thiamine
● Vitamin B6
317. 49 years old black African male smoker with positive family history of hypertension
presented with history of constant headache. The modifiable risk factor in this particular case
is: (HBS)
● Male sex
● Positive family history
● Smoking*
● Age
● African race
318. 55 years old African male smoker with positive family history of hypertension
presented with history of constant headache. His blood pressure was 140/90mmHg. The
modifiable risk factor in this particular case is: (IMDC)
● Male sex
● Positive family history
● Smoking*
● Age
● African race
319. A 10 years old boy presented with complaints of fever, accompanied by profuse
sweating for the last 1 week. He also complained of multiple joint pains. Serum ASO titre was
increased. The likely diagnosis is: (HBS)
● Malaria
● Dengue
● Hepatitis B
● Rheumatic fever*
● Ricketts
320. A 45 years old man has weight of 70 kg and height of 1.6 m. His BMI is 27.3. He is:
(HBS)
● Under weight
● Normal weight
● Overweight*
● Obese
● Severely obese
321. Obesity and overweight are the major risk factors for: (HBS)
● Colon cancer
● Bronchial asthma
● Thyroid cancer
● Diabetes*
● Acid peptic disease
322. The best way to prevent dehydration in a child suffering from acute diarrhoea is to
use: (HBS)
● Antimotility drugs
● Antibiotic therapy
● Oral rehydration solution*
● Antispasmodic agents
● Intravenous saline
323. Hepatitis B virus can be transmitted via: (HBS)
● Food
● Blood
● Sexual intercourse
● a and b.
● b and c*
324. Modifiable risk factors for coronary heart diseases are: (HBS)
● Age
● Cigarette smoking
● Sedentary lifestyle
● a and b.
● b and c.*
325. High risk groups for Hepatitis C transmission are: (HBS)
● Intravenous drug addicts
● Recipients of multiple blood transfusions
● Those involved in unprotected casual sex
● a and c.
● a, b and c.*
326. Group approach in health communication includes: (HBS)
● Role play
● Workshop
● a and b.
● a, b and c.*
327. Glycosylated hemoglobin levels give an indication of diabetic control over previous:
(HBS)
● 1 week
● 2 to 3 months**
● 2 to 3 weeks
● 6 months
● 1 year
328. Initiation of disease process in man is determined by. (IMDC)
● Entry of agent in host
● Presence of agent in environment
● Presence of host in environment
● Presence of agent and host in environment
● Interaction of agent, host, and environment*
329. Comprehensive health care is the delivery of: (IMDC)
● Basic and personal health services
● Personal and impersonal health services*
● Selective and personal health services
● Critical and impersonal health services
● Essential and basic health services
330. Malaria is considered to be an endemic disease in Pakistan because of its: (IMDC)
● Occurrence clearly in excess of normal expectancy
● Constant presence in a given population group*
● Cyclic pattern of 5 years
● haphazard and irregular pattern
● Vehicle borne spread
331. A man suffering from AIDS developed Toxoplasmosis due to
lowered resistance. This type of infection is called: (IMDC)
● Nosocomial
● Opportunistic*
● Iatrogenic
● Epizootic
332. The burden of disease can be best defined by which of the following indices a defined
population: (IMDC)
● Sullivan’s index
● Disability adjusted life year (DALY)**
● Smith’s index
● Physical quality of life index (PQLI)
● Bed Disability index
333. Graphic representation of variations in the manifestations of disease is called: (IMDC)
● Spectrum of disease*
● Natural history of disease
● Epidemiological history
● Disease ecology
● Incidence of disease
334. The minimum expenditure on health out of total GDP of a country, as recommended
by WHO, should be: (IMDC)
● 2%
● 3%
● 5%*
● 8%
● 10%
335. An epidemic of hepatitis A is an example of: (IMDC)
● Single exposure
● Multiple exposures
● Cyclic
● Propagated*
● Slow modern
336. Most universally accepted indicator of health status of a population is: (IMDC)
OR
337. Most universally accepted indicator of health status of a population is and their socio
economic conditions is: (IMDC)
● Crude death rate
● Infant mortality rate*
● Crude Birth rate
● Disease notification rate
● Case Fatality Rate
338. The main function of BHU is: (IMDC)
● 10 % preventive and 90 % curative
● 80 % preventive and 20 % curative*
● 100 % preventive and no curative
339. Provision of safe water supply is one of the strategies of PHC Evaluation should be
within maximum walking distance from his/her household of : (IMDC)
● 5 minutes
● 10 minutes
● 15 minutes*
● 20minutes
● 25minutes
OR
340. According to the Evaluation strategies of PHC, Provision of safe water supply should
be within maximum of. (IMDC)
● 5 minutes walk
● 10 minutes walk
● 15 minutes walk*
● 20minutes walk
● 25minutes walk
341. Duration of stay of patients in a hospital is a type of ________ indicator: (IMDC)
● Mortality
● Morbidity*
● Nutritional status
● Environmental
● Social indicator
342. Sickness is a state of: (IMDC)
● Social dysfunction*
● Subjective feeling of un-wellness
● Impaired physiological function
● Impaired psychological function
● Impaired morphological function
343. Years of life lost to pre-mature death & years lived with disability adjusted for its
severity is known as; (IMDC)
● HALE
● DALY*
● HDI
● Morbidity indicator
344. Amount of hospital waste produced per bed per day in Pakistan is: (IMDC)
● 0.5 to 1 kg
● 1 to 1.5 kg**
● 3 kg
● 5 kg
● 10 kg
345. Occurrence of cases irregularly, haphazardly from time to time and generally
infrequently is: (IMDC)
● Epidemic
● Endemic
● Pandemic
● Sporadic*
● Mesoendemic
346. A 50- year-old obese man, heavy smoker to his Physician. He was concerned about
heart disease because of strong family history. The doctor advised him to have regular
exercise and to quit smoking. The strategy is: (IMDC)
● Primordial prevention
● Primary prevention*
● Secondary prevention
● Disability prevention
● Tertiary prevention
347. The branch of sociology which deals with the relationship between organisms and
environment: (IMDC)
● Ergonomics
● Social physiology
● Ecology*
● Social pathology
● Social therapy
348. The principles of primary health care are: (IMDC)
● Equity + community participation + control of endemic diseases
● Equity + multi sectoral approach + community participation + appropriate technology*
● Equity + appropriate treatment of common diseases + multi sectoral approach + community
participation
● Equality + multi sectoral approach + community participation + appropriate technology
● Equity + multi-purpose approach + community participation + appropriate technology
349. The person who is unable to get a job as a result of defective vision is an example of:
(IMDC)
● Impairment
● Disability
● Handicap*
● Rehabilitation
● Infirmity
350. The indicator of provision of health care is: (IMDC)
● Prevalence of disease
● Literacy rate
● Utilization of health services*
● Income distribution
● Incidence of disease
351. Impersonal health services as a part of Comprehensive healthcare include: (IMDC)
● Vector control measures*
● Regular checkup of workers in industries
● Provision of medication to school children
● Immunization of children
352. For providing quality health services, community participation plays an essential role.
To ensure maximum community participation, which level of health care system should be
strengthened? (IMDC)
● Primary *
● Secondary
● Tertiary
● Ancillary
● Rehabilitative
353. Secondary level of health care delivery includes: (IMDC)
● Family planning centers
● Basic Health Units
● District hospitals*
● Rural centers
● Teaching hospitals
354. A basic health unit generally serves a population of: (IMDC)
● 5000-10,000*
● 15,000-20,000
● 25,000 – 30,000
● 35,000-40,000
● 45,000-50,000
355. Restrictions of apparently healthy contacts of infectious disease is labelled as: (IMDC)
● Isolation
● Elimination
● Limitation
● Quarantine*
● Notification
356. The human Development Index (HDI) takes into account the following indicator:
(IMDC)
● Infant Mortality Rate
● Adult Literacy Rate*
● Incidence Rate
● Growth Rate
● Disability rate
357. Infection by organism, not normally pathogenic but can cause disease with lowered
immunity is called: (IMDC)
● Exotic
● Nosocomial
● Opportunistic*
● Latent
● Iatrogenic
358. Government introduced many poverty alleviation schemes to ensure economic
stability and health during a program of safe water supply. This reflects: (IMDC)
● Multi-sectoral collaboration*
● Equality
● Equity
● Efficiency
359. To provision of Iodized salts in the recognized areas of Iodine deficiency, is an example
of (change scenario) (IMDC)
● Monitoring
● Equality
● Equity*
● Affordability
● Efficiency
360. The characteristic of an indicator to actually measure what is supposed to be
measured is called: (IMDC)
● Feasibility
● Reliability
● Validity*
● Sensitivity
● Specificity
361. The index that consolidates infant mortality, life expectancy at age one and literacy is
called: (IMDC)
● Physical Quality of Life Index*
● Human Development Index
● Health Adjusted Life Expectancy
● Disability Adjusted Life Years
362. Most appropriate for tertiary level prevention: (IMDC)
● Health promotion
● Chemoprophylaxis
● Early diagnosis
● Health education
● Rehabilitation*
363. Doctor population ratio, population bed ratio, are examples of: (IMDC)
● Health care delivery indicators*
● Utilization rates
● Health policy indicators
● Indicators of quality of life
● Indicators of social and mental health
364. First level care facility in healthcare system is: (IMDC)
● In-patient care
● OPD and Emergency care*
● Diagnostic care
● Intensive care
● Rehabilitative care
365. Use of oral rehydration salt for the treatment of watery diarrhea is an example of:
(IMDC)
● Appropriate technology*
● Inter-sectoral collaboration
● Equality
● Equity
366. A woman travelled a long way from a remote village to a family planning centre and
found a male doctor dealing with the clients. She decided to go back. The most likely reason
for this decision is lack of: (IMDC)
● Acceptability*
● Affordability
● Efficiency
● Efficacy
● Effectiveness
367. The water and power development and public health engineering are the two areas
which are working with the health department for control of diarrheal and gastrointestinal
diseases in Rawalpindi District, which is an example of: (IMDC)
● Equity
● Equality
● Sustainability
● Inter-sectoral collaboration*
368. A researcher presented the data regarding weight of 100 new born babies in the form
of frequency distribution table. The most appropriate way to present this data graphically is:
(IMDC)
● Histogram*
● Pictogram
● Pie chart
● Multiple bar chart
369. In a village of 300 population, 70% constitute Punjabis,20% Sindhis and 10% Pathan.
To take a sample of 10% of population; the best sampling technique should be. (IMDC)
● Simple random
● Stratified*
● Systematic
● Snowball
● Convenient
370. A researcher wanted to compare two data sets, one measured in feet and other in
meters. The best measure of dispersion for comparison is: (IMDC)
● Range
● Percentile
● Quartile
● Inter-quartile range
● Coefficient of variation*
371. In comparison to cohort study, case control study is: (IMDC)
● Inappropriate for rare diseases
● Economical*
● Incidence Study
● Prospective
● Dependent on long follow ups
372. A factor associated with both exposure and disease, distributed un equally in study
and control groups and can distort results is: (IMDC)
● Matching
● Confounding*
● Randomization
● Blinding
● Berkensonian Bias
373. In a village there were many cases of diarrhea due to consumption of contaminated
water from a well. This type of epidemic is called:
● Point source
● Multiple exposure*
● Propagated
● Seasonal
● Cyclic
374. In a data of 50 women the upper limit of Hemoglobin was 15dl/g and lower limit
5dl/g. The range of the data will be: (IMDC)
● 20
● 15
● 10*
● 5
● 1
375. When there are extreme values in the data set then, which of the following is the
most appropriate measure of central tendency: (IMDC)
● Mean
● Arithmetic mean
● Harmonic mean
● Median*
● Mode
376. For calculating incidence denominator is taken as: (IMDC)
● Mid -year population
● Population at risk*
● Total number of cases
● Total number of deaths
● Exposed susceptible
377. The most suitable study design to find out the prevalence of anxiety disorders among
working women. is: (IMDC)
● Experimental
● Cohort
● Case control
● Cross sectional*
● Case series
378. With the introduction of Anti-Retroviral Therapy for the treatment of HIV/AIDS
mortality has been reduced and lives of those affected have been prolonged, without
complete recovery. This results in: (IMDC)
● Increase in incidence
● Increase in prevalence*
● Decrease in incidence
● Decrease in prevalence
● Increase in crude death rate
379. A group of researchers conducted a study to determine association between
carcinoma pancreas and coffee intake. They selected a group of people who drank coffee and
followed them for 10 years. This study is: (IMDC)
● Cross sectional
● Case control
● Randomized controlled trial
● Cohort*
● Case series
380. In a clinical trial neither the researcher nor the participants were aware of the group
allocation and treatment received. This would be: (IMDC)
● Single blinding
● Double blinding*
● Triple blinding
● Randomization
● Matching
381. The population upon which the results can be generalized, is known as: (IMDC)
● Population at risk
● Midyear population
● Target population*
● Exposed susceptible
● Study population
382. The sampling technique in which researcher identifies few subjects and then asks
them to identify others with the same criteria to increase sample size is: (IMDC)
● Simple random
● Convenient
● Snowball*
● Stratified
● Sluster
383. The most cost effective method of screening is: (IMDC)
● Multiphasic
● Mass
● High risk*
● Accidental
● Opportunistic
384. Effect of malnutrition with measles on mortality risk is example of: (IMDC)
● Spurious association
● Temporal association
● Effect modifier*
● Gradient of infection
● Halo effect
385. A researcher wants to check whether a new vaccine is more effective than the vaccine
that is being used for prevention of influenza. The most appropriate study design is: (IMDC)
● Cross-sectional
● Case control
● Cohort
● Randomized control trial*
● Case series
386. The area covered under normal distribution curve within mean + 2 SD is: (IMDC)
● 65%
● 68%
● 95%*
● 97%
● 99%
387. A study compared 150 children with a particular disease with 300 disease free children
to examine past experience that may contribute to the development of illness. This type of
study design is: (IMDC)
● Cohort study
● Case series
● Randomized Controlled trial
● Case report
388. In analytical study design matching is done to avoid: (IMDC)
● Selection bias*
● Recall bias
● Observer bias
● Hawthorne Effect
● Measurement bias
389. In a study variable determining Gender is: (IMDC)
● Nominal*
● Ordinal
● Continuous
● Discrete
● Ratio
390. Chi square is used to measure the degree of. (IMDC)
● Ratio
● Association between two variables**
● Correlation between two variables
● Agreement between two observations
● Significance of difference between two means
391. If a researcher wants to study relationship between two variables, best way will be:
(IMDC)
● Bar chart
● Line Diagram
● Histogram
● Pie chart
392. In a study first schools are sampled, then sections, and finally students. This type of
sampling is known as: (IMDC)
● Simple random
● Multistage*
● Cluster
● Convenient
● Snowball
393. Screening for a disease is recommended when: (IMDC)
● Case fatality rate is low
● Diagnostic test is not available
● Treatment is not available
● Unknown Natural history of disease
● Prevalence is High*
394. Research participants can be switched between groups during the course of study in:
(IMDC)
● Quasi experimental
● Cohort study
● Clinical trials*
395. Interval between detection of disease at screening and when it would have been
detected due to development of signs and symptoms. (IMDC)
● Lead time*
● External incubation period
● Window period
● Generation time
396. Alpha error is the probability of: (IMDC)
● Rejecting false null hypothesis
● Rejecting true null hypothesis*
● Not rejecting false null hypothesis
● Accepting true null hypothesis
● Rejecting null and alternate hypothesis
397. In a statistical analysis, dispersion of data is measured by: (IMDC)
● Weighted Mean
● Arithmetic Mean
● Winsorised Mean
● Geometric mean
● Mean deviation*
398. In a standard normal curve, the area between 2SD on either side of mean will be:
(IMDC)
● 45%
● 52%
● 68%
● 95%*
● 100%
399. In comparison to cohort study, case control study is:
● Inappropriate for rare diseases
● Expensive
● Yields incidence rates
● Prospective
● Yields quick results*
400. An outbreak of measles occurred in a small village of Punjab with the population of
40,000.A total of 150 cases of measles occurred out of which only 10 survived. The
appropriate rate to comment on killing power of disease is: (IMDC)
● Incidence
● Prevalence
● Attack
● Case fatality*
● Crude death
401. The best way of showing frequency distribution is: (IMDC)
● Histogram*
● Pictogram
● Pie chart
402. Measurement of height as short, medium, tall is an example of which kind of data:
(IMDC)
● Discrete
● Continuous
● Nominal
● Ordinal*
● Raw
403. A normal distribution curve depends on: (IMDC)
● Mean and sample size
● Range and sample size
● Mean and standard deviation*
● Mean and median
● Median and mode
404. The strength of relationship between an exposure and outcome can best be measured
by: (IMDC)
● Prevalence rate
● Incidence density
● Cumulative incidence
● Relative risk*
● Risk difference
405. Concurrence of two variables more often than would be expected by chance is: (IMDC)
● Association*
● Matching
● Confounding
● Effect modification
● Randomization
406. The first approach of testing a hypothesis is: (IMDC)
● Case report
● Cohort study
● Experimental study
407. In order to find out whether there is significant association or not between two
variables, we calculate: (IMDC)
● Coefficient of correlation*
● Coefficient of regression
● Standard error
● Regression Analysis
408. Median is almost equivalent to: (IMDC)
th
● 100 percentile
● 75th percentile
● 50th percentile*
● 25th percentile
● 15th percentile
409. If P indicates prevalence, I: incidence and D: duration of illness, then the relationship
between prevalence and incidence is expressed as: (RIHS/IMDC)
● P = I x D*
● I=PxD
● P = I/D
● D= P/D
● I=DxI
410. Use of a double blind trial is to. (RIHS)
● Avoid false negative results
● Avoid subject bias
● Avoid observer bias**
● Increase sampling size
● Finding prevalence
411. The likelihood of a causal relationship with associated risk factors is studied through.
(RIHS)
● Strength of association**
● Biological plausibility
● Coherence
● Web of causation
412. A total of 3500 patients with thyroid cancer are identified and surveyed by patient
interviews with reference to past exposure to radiation. The study design most appropriately
illustrates: (RIHS/IMDC)
● Case series report
● Case report study
● Clinical trial
● Surveillance
413. “Confounding bias” in a case control can be removed by: (RIHS/IMDC)
● Double blinding
● By properly recalling events
● Matching*
● By selecting representative population
● Avoid blinding
414. Root mean square deviation denotes to: (IMDC)
● Standard error
● Sampling error
● Mean standard deviation
● Mean arithmetic
415. Measurement of height as short, medium, tall is an example of: (IMDC)
● Discrete data
● Continuous data
● Nominal data
● Ordinal data*
● Raw data
416. A 4-year-old child presented in paediatric clinic with complaints of fever, erythematic
throat rash, greyish adherent membrane on left side of tonsils and palpable cervical lymph
nodes. The likely disease was: (IMDC)
● Pharyngitis
● Tonsillitis
● Diphtheria*
● Laryngitis
● Whooping cough
417. The most appropriate test to assess the prevalence of tuberculosis infection in
community is: (IMDC)
● Mass miniature radiography
● Sputum examination
● Tuberculin test*
● Clinical examination
● Complete blood count
418. The best approach to prevent cholera epidemic in a community is: (IMDC)
● Mass chemoprophylaxis with tetracycline
● Vaccination of all individuals
● Safe water and sanitation*
● investigators should find that epidemic
419. Most common cause of diarrhea in infants and children is: (RIHS/IMDC)
● Rotavirus*
● E. coli
● Shigella
● Adenovirus
● Hepatitis A
420. A six-year-old child presented to medical officer with complains of fever, malaise and
difficulty in swallowing. On examination there was a diffuse swelling on the sides of the face
below and in-front of the ears. The most probable diagnosis will be: (IMDC)
● measles
● mumps*
● rubella
● chicken pox
● yellow fever
421. Endemicity of malaria in a community is best determined by: (IMDC)
● Parasite rate
● Spleen rate*
● Inoculation rate
● Biting rate
● Parasite density rate
422. To prevent epidemic spread of diphtheria, herd immunity should be at least:
(IMDC)
● 30%
● 50%
● 70%
● 80%**
● 90%
423. Case fatality rate is 100% in: (HBS/IMDC)
● Cholera
● Food poisoning
● Malaria
● Leishmaniasis
● Rabies*
424. A 25 years old lady came with high grade fever, stiffness of whole body , locked jaw
and foul smelling purulent discharge per vagina . She got an abortion done at 8th week of
gestation by a local Dai 3 days ago.. What is the most probable diagnosis? (IMDC)
● Puerperal tetanus*
● Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
● Urinary tract infection
● Strychnine poisoning
● Vaginal diphtheria
425. Chicken pox vaccine is: (IMDC)
● Live attenuated*
● Killed
● Conjugated vaccine
● Toxoid
● Live and killed
426. A traveler has come from Bolivia to Pakistan. At airport, the doctor should check
for a valid vaccine certificate for: (IMDC)
● Cholera
● HIV-AIDS
● Plague
● Yellow fever*
● Meningococcal meningitis
427. Active immunization against tetanus can be done by: (IMDC)
● Hyper immune human globulins
● Tetanus Toxoid*
● Tetanus antitoxin
● Tetanus immunoglobulins
● Anti-tetanus serum
428. Recommended age for first dose of Diphtheria –Pertussis-tetanus is: (IMDC)
● at birth
● 6 weeks*
● 10 weeks
● 12 weeks
● 14 weeks
429. A boy develops chicken pox in a school hostel. The best step to be taken is: (IMDC)
● Vaccination of all other boys
● Isolation of the boy*
● Send the boy home
● Restrict the movements of the boy
● To Start treatment
430. Influenza virus belongs to which of the following viruses: (RIHS/IMDC)
● Orthomyxovirus*
● Paramyxovirus
● Arbovirus
● Picornavirus
● Lyssavirus
431. The best strategy recommended by WHO for control of malaria is: (IMDC)
● Immunoprophylaxis
● Early case detection and prompt treatment
● Insecticide spray on mass level
● Use of mosquito nets**
432. Bronchopneumonia secondary to influenza is usually caused by: (IMDC)
● Streptococcus pyogenes**
● Staphylococcus pyogenes
● Klebsiella pneumonia
● Legionella pneumophilia
● Staphylococcus aureus,
433. A pregnant lady was diagnosed with Rubella during 28th week of gestation. She was
insisting upon the termination of pregnancy as she feared congenital malformations of fetus.
Doctor counseled her that there is no major risk of congenital deformity of baby if mother is
infected with rubella after. (IMDC)
● 6th week
● 10h week
● 11th week
● 20th week**
● 30th week
434. Which of the following vaccine is not live attenuated vaccine? (IMDC)
● BCG vaccine
● Measles vaccine
● Oral polio vaccine
● Pertussis vaccine*
● Chick pox vaccine
435. The most dangerous complication of sheep brain (nerves tissue) vaccine is: (IMDC)
● Pancreatitis
● Peritonitis*
● Appendicitis
● Cholecystitis
● Hepatitis
436. The correct statement about the epidemiological determinants of measles is: (IMDC)
● Measles virus survives outside the human body for 5 days.
● Carriers are important sources of infection
● Secondary attack rate is less than that of rubella*
● Incidence of measles is more in males than females
● Highly infectious caused by varicella –zoster virus
437. Vaccine for meningococcal meningitis should be routinely given to: (IMDC)
● Laboratory workers
● Young adolescents*
● 4-8 years old children
● Elderly population
● Children > 5 year
438. Zero dose of polio vaccine is given: (IMDC)
● At birth*
● When child is having diarrhea
● When child is having polio
● At 6 months
● Before giving DPT
439. Under eradication of congenital rubella syndrome program the first priority group for
rubella vaccination is: (IMDC)
● All non-pregnant women of age 15-44years*
● All adolescent non pregnant girls 15 to 24 of age
● All female children at one year
● All non-pregnant women
● All pregnant women
440. Estimated fluid deficit in severe dehydration is: (IMDC)
● 40ml/kg
● 65ml/kg
● 75ml/kg
● 100ml/kg*
● 150ml/kg
441. Chronic carriers are those who excrete typhoid bacilli after clinical attack for more
than: (RIHS/IMDC)
● 8 weeks
● 3 months
● 6 months
● 12 months*
● 14 months
442. Incubation period of hepatitis A is: (IMDC)
● 1 to 3 days
● 7 to 15 days
● 15 to 45 days*
● 45 to 90 days
● 45 to 180 days
443. At 10th week we immunize infant with: (IMDC)
● DPT, hepatitis B, Hib + oral polio drops and measles
● Measles, BCG, and oral polio drops
● DPT, hepatitis B , Hib
● DPT, hepatitis B , Hib and oral polio drops,PCV*
● DPT, oral polio drops and BCG
444. In a study to see the relationship between carcinoma lung and smoking, incidence in
exposed is 40 while incidence in non-exposed is 10. Reactive risk will be: (IMDC)
● 2
● 4*
● 5
● 8
● 9
445. Out of 200 measles cases in a village, 40 died in a year. Case fatality rate will be:
(IMDC)
● 12
● 20*
● 34
● 41
● 50
446. The best way to prevent Chicken pox is: (IMDC)
● Toxoid
● killed vaccine
● Live attenuated vaccine*
● Immunoglobulin
● Antisera
447. Incubation period of tetanus is: (IMDC)
● 2 to 7 days
● 7 to 14 days
● 5 to14 days
● 2 to 21 days*
● 10 to 14 days
448. In comparison to inactivated polio vaccine, oral polio vaccine: (IMDC)
● Difficult to manufacture
● Costly
● Longer shelf life
● Prevents paralysis but not re infection by wild polio virus
● Can be effectively used in controlling epidemics*
449. In developing countries measles occurs most commonly at the age of: (IMDC)
● Below 6 months
● 6 months to 3 years*
● Above 3 years
● Above 5 years
● Above 10 years
450. The most common complication of influenza is: (IMDC)
● Myocarditis
● Pneumonia*
● Encephalitis
● Pancreatitis
● Conjunctivitis
451. The time interval between invasion by an infectious agent and appearance of the first
sign or system of the disease is: (IMDC)
● Incubation period*
● Median incubation period
● Latent period
● Infective period
● Quarantine
452. According to EPI schedule, DPT vaccine is given at: (IMDC)
● Birth,6 weeks.10 weeks
● 6 weeks,12 weeks,14 weeks
● 6 weeks,10 weeks,14 weeks*
● 6 months,10 months,14 months
● 6 months,12 months,14 months
453. The commonest side effect of BCG vaccination is: (IMDC)
● Miliary tuberculosis
● Lupus vulgaris
● Suppurative lymphadenitis*
● Erythema nodosum
● Generalized edema
454. The live attenuated vaccines are: (IMDC)
● Measles/Typhoid/Hepatitis B
● Measles/Mumps/Plague
● Mumps/Chickenpox/BCG*
● Diphtheria/Tetanus/Chickenpox
● Measles/Rubella/Cholera
455. The virus associated with hepatocellular carcinoma is: (IMDC)
● Hepatitis A
● Hepatitis B*
● Hepatitis D
● Hepatitis E
● Cytomegalovirus
456. A disease is said to be chronic if it has duration of more than: (IMDC)
● 1 month
● 2 months
● 3 months*
● 6 months
● 1 year
457. Isolation of diphtheria case is done till: (IMDC)
● Symptoms subside
● 2 consecutive swabs are negative*
● Schick test is negative
● Antibody titer decreases
● Schick test is positive
458. The first symptom of Neonatal tetanus usually manifests: (IMDC)
● At birth
● After 24 hours
● At one week*
● At one month
● After two months
459. The advantage of Pertussis component in DPT vaccine is that it: (IMDC)
● Becomes more heat stable
● Enhances potency of diphtheria toxoid*
● Reduces complications
● Can be given to immune compromised patients
● Can be given at any age
460. SARS [Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome] is caused by: (IMDC)
● Parainfluenza virus
● C.Diphtheriae
● H. influenza
● Corona virus*
● Influenza A virus
461. Criteria for direct contact spread of disease is that each patient infects on an average:
(IMDC)
● 2 other persons
● 7 other persons
● 3 other persons*
● 5 other persons
● 9 other persons
462. Number of individuals whose sputum is positive for tubercle bacilli indicates: (IMDC)
● Trend of the disease
● Prevalence of the disease*
● Annual infection rate
● Tuberculin conversion index
● Primary tuberculosis cases
463. Incubation period for tetanus: (IMDC)
● 1 to 3 days
● 6 to 10 days*
● 10 to 15 days
● 15 to 20 days
● 25 to 30 days
464. Reservoir for HBV infection: (IMDC)
● Pigs
● Monkey
● Man*
● Cattle
● House fly
465. Main cause of drug resistance in tuberculosis is: (RIHS/IMDC)
● Primary drug resistance
● Secondary bacterial infection
● Incomplete, inadequate and irregular treatment*
● Chromosomal mutation during treatment
● Drug quality issues
466. The vaccine which is contraindicated during pregnancy is. (IMDC)
● typhoid
● oral polio vaccine*
● cholera
● menigiococcal vaccine
● tetanus
467. Isolation is required in infection of. (IMDC)
● Diphtheria*
● Polio
● Hepatitis A
● Tuberculosis
● Cholera
468. Infection by organism that is not usually pathogenic but can cause disease when
resistance is lowered is an example of: (IMDC)
● Exotic
● Nosocomial infection
● Opportunistic infection*
● Latent infection
● Iatrogenic
469. Oral cancer is most commonly associated with: (IMDC)
● chewable tobacco*
● alcohol
● radiation exposure
● shisha
● chocolates
470. Primordial prevention in coronary heart disease involves: (IMDC)
● Control of blood pressure
● Preserving healthy lifestyle in children*
● Screening high risk persons
● Regular health checkups
● Laboratory based investigations.
471. The chief suspect virus in cancer of cervix is: (IMDC)
● Cytomegalovirus
● Human papilloma virus*
● Hepatitis B
● Epstein-bar virus
● H1N1
472. A man’s weight is 80 kg and height is 2 meters. His body mass index (BMI) will be:
(IMDC)
● 17
● 18
● 19
● 20*
● 25
473. Most reliable test for screening of Diabetes is: (IMDC)
● Fasting blood sugar
● Glucose Tolerance Test**
● Urine sugar
● Urine Routine Examination
474. If a child is drinking water containing 50 mg/ml of nitrate, he is at risk of developing:
(IMDC)
● Methemoglobinemia*
● E-Coli Enteritis
● Dental caries
● Botulism
● Xerosis
475. Body mass index for an underweight person is. (IMDC)
● Less than 30.5
● Less than 35.5
● Less than 18.5*
● Less than 24.9
● Less than 28.5
476. The most common cause of blindness in adult population is: (IMDC)
● Cataract*
● Corneal ulcer
● Cerebro -vascular disease
● Diabetes
● Eye injury
477. Most common site of cancer among females, worldwide is: (IMDC)
● Cervix
● Breast*
● Oral
● Lung
● Stomach
478. BMI stands for: (IMDC)
● Body measurement index
● Body mass index*
● Bone mass index
● Basal mass index
● Basal metabolic index
479. A 35 years old man hypertensive, smoker and having positive family history of
diabetes and obesity suddenly became unconscious. CT scan was suggestive of hemorrhagic
stroke. The main risk factor of stroke in this case is: (IMDC)
● Hypertension*
● Diabetes
● Obesity
● Smoking
● Age
480. Cancer is the second leading cause of death in developed countries. It is regarded as a
modern slow epidemic. The most common site of cancer in men and women in the world is:
(IMDC)
● Lung*
● Stomach
● Colorectal
● Liver
● Oral cavity
481. Mesothelioma is cancer of: (IMDC)
● Meninges
● lungs
● peritoneum
● Muscles
● Pleura*
482. Regarding breast feeding, which one of the following is true? (IMDC)
● Feeding of the new born should commence two days after birth
● Colostrum contains antibodies*
● Breast feeding is contra indicated in mothers with Tuberculosis
● Bottle fed babies have higher immunity then breast fed babies
● Feeding should be discontinued, if the infant cannot suck
483. The first step of breast cancer awareness is: (IMDC)
● Mammography
● Breast self-examination*
● Fine needle biopsy
● Breast ultrasound
● Breast tissue MRI
484. Obesity in males can be defined as body mass index of more than: (IMDC)
● 2
● 10
● 15
● 30*
● 45
485. Tertiary prevention in case of Coronary heart disease is: (IMDC)
● Cessation of smoking
● Dietary modification
● Drug trials
● Identifying high risk people
● Coronary artery bypass grafting*
486. Left side of population pyramid, is used to show: (IMDC)
● female population
● male population*
● birth rate
● mortality rate
● morbidity rate
487. When total number of live births are expressed against the total population at a given
place and during a given period. We are referring to: (IMDC)
● General fertility rate
● Crude birth rate
● Total fertility rate
● Specific birth rate **
● Gross reproductive rate
488. Late Expanding stage is characterized by: (IMDC)
● CBR and CDR both are high
● CBR same and CDR declining
● CBR Declining and CDR same
● CBR and CDR both are declining*
● CBR increasing and CDR same
489. In a standard population pyramid the age range of each bar is: (IMDC)
● 5 years*
● 10 years
● 15 years
● 20 years
● 25 years
490. The relationship between the economically active population and the non-working:
population is known as the: (IMDC)
● employment ratio
● economic ratio
● dependency ratio*
● critical ratio
● Fertility ratio
491. A country will face population explosion if its growth rate is: (IMDC)
● Less than 1
● 1
● 1.5
● 2
● More than 2*
492. In a community with a population of 10,000 there are 200 births. Crude Birth Rate per
thousand population will be: (IMDC)
● 1
● 10
● 20*
● 100
● 200
493. Denominator for calculating dependency ratio is taken as age: (IMDC)
● Less than 15 and more than 65
● Less than 14 and more than 60
● Between 15 to 45
● Between 15 to 65*
● More than 65
494. To determine the age and sex structure of a country the best measure will be to draw:
(IMDC)
● Component bar chart
● Pie chart
● Population pyramid*
● Pictogram
495. If crude birth rate is 42 and crude death rate is 31 then annual growth rate will be:
(IMDC)
● 7.3%
● 5.5 %
● 2.5%**
● 1.1%
● 0.5%
496. Vital Index less than 100 means: (IMDC)
● Births and Deaths are Increasing
● Births and Deaths are equal
● Births are more than death
● Births are less than Deaths*
● Births and deaths are decreasing
497. A demographer observed that birth rate and death rate of Pakistan is decreasing but
birth rate is still more than death rate. Pakistan currently exists in demographic phase of:
(IMDC)
● High stationary
● Late expanding*
● Early expanding
● Declining
● Low stationary
498. Doubling time is another way of expressing population growth. If we suppose that
growth rate of Country remains constant at 0.5% population would be doubled in about.
(IMDC)
● 80 years
● 100 years
● 140 years*
● 180 years
● 240 years
499. Doubling time is another way of expressing population growth. If we suppose that
growth rate of Poland remains constant at 0.08%, population would be doubled in: (IMDC)
● 800 years
● 870 years
● 875 years*
● 880 years
● 890 years
500. Pakistan is currently having decreased death rate and an increased birth rate, it is
placed in demographic transition: (IMDC)
● Stage I
● Stage II*
● Stage III
● Stage IV
● Stage V
501. The denominator in Dependency ratio is: (IMDC)
● total no of women of childbearing age
● all children under 18 years
● all adults from 15 years to 64 years*
● all senior citizens of 65 years plus
● all jobless people
502. No of children in 0-4 years of age /1000 women of childbearing age defines: (IMDC)
● Cross reproduction rate
● Child-women ratio*
● Birth rate
503. Bartonian's Lines are: (IMDC)
● Chalkly white lines on teeth in fluorosis
● Blue lines on the gums in lead poisoning*
● Black lines on nails in circulatory diseases
● Yellow lines on the hair in malnutrition
● White lines in the abdomen during pregnancy
504. Age & sex composition of population can be demonstrated by. (IMDC)
● Bar chart
● Population pyramid*
● Pictogram
● Histogram
● Pie chart
505. High stationary stage of demographic transition has: (IMDC)
● birth rate lower than death rate
● high birth rate and high death rate*
● low birth rate and high death rate
● low death rate and high birth rate
● low birth rate and low death rate
506. With annual growth rate of 2.0%, population doubling time will be: (IMDC)
OR
507. Population of a given country having an annual growth-rate 2% will be doubled in.
● 35 years*
● 28 years
● 23 years
● 47 years
● 20 years
508. Pakistan lies in demographic transition phase of: (IMDC)
● High stationary
● Early expanding
● Late expanding*
● Low stationary
● Declining phase
509. Total number of live births expressed against the total population at a given place
during a given time period is: (IMDC)
● Specific birth rate*
● Gross reproductive rate
510. An important clinical sign of kwashiorkor , that helps to differentiate between
kwashiorkor and marasmus is: (IMDC)
● Edema*
● Obvious muscle wasting
● Severe loss of subcutaneous fat
● Usually good appetite
● Anemia
511. The most common lesion associated with Riboflavin deficiency is: (IMDC)
● Cheilosis
● Angular stomatitis*
● Glossitis
● Nasolabial dyssebacia
● Peripheral neuropathy
512. The main reason for high prevalence of anemia in women of reproductive age group in
Pakistan is: (IMDC)
● Insufficient iron intake*
● Hookworm infestation
● Roundworm infestation
● Malaria
● Menstrual problems
513. A 5 year old child complains of poor vision in evening and night. On examination there
are creamy pearly spots on conjunctiva with corneal ulceration. He is likely to benefit by:
(IMDC)
● Oral antibiotics
● Eye drops
● Cod liver oil capsules*
● Suitable eyeglasses
● Intra ocular lens replacement
514. Shakir,s Tape is useful measure employed to measure: (IMDC)
● Head Circumference
● Mid arm circumference*
● Height / length
● Chest circumference
● Waist Hip Ratio
515. A dietician calculated the energy intake per day of an adult person as follows: Protein
15%, Fat 40%, Carbohydrate 45%. The conclusion drawn from this observation would be:
(IMDC)
● The protein intake is within recommended range*
● The fat intake is within recommended range
● The carbohydrate intake is within recommended range
● This type of food intake makes balanced diet
● The breakup of caloric requirement in protein, fat and carbohydrate is not required to make
a balanced diet
516. In a food factory, vanilla essence is added to custard powder as a flavoring agent. This
process is known as: (IMDC)
● Food adulteration
● Food supplementation
● Food additive*
● Food fortification
● Food marketing
517. The most useful index for surveillance of iodine deficiency is: (IMDC)
● Prevalence of goitre
● Prevalence of cretinism
● Serum T4 levels
● Urinary iodine excretion*
● Infant mortality rate
518. The recommended daily caloric intake from proteins in an adult diet is: (IMDC)
● 2-5 % of total calories
● 5-10% of total calories
● 15 -20% of total calories*
● 20 -35 % of total calories
● 35 -40 % of total calories
519. The product of digestibility coefficient and biological value of protein is: (IMDC)
● Net protein utilization*
● Protein efficiency ratio
● Protein absorption rate
● Protein utilization rate
● Protein supplementation
520. Carbohydrate present in milk is: (IMDC)
● Galactose
● Lactose*
● Fructose
● Sucrose
● Glucose
521. Consider the following manifestations of vitamin A deficiency. (IMDC)
● Conjuctivalxerosis
● Corneal xerosis
● Night blindness*
● Bitot’s spots
522. The correct sequence of the appearance of these manifestations is: (IMDC)
● 3,4,1,2
● 4,3,2,1
● 4,3,1,2
● 1,2,3,4
● 3,1,4,2*
523. The non essential amino acid is: (IMDC)
● Leucine
● Lysine
● Threonine
● Arginine*
● Phenylalanine
524. A boy presented with diarrhea, bilateral dermatitis, glossitis with mild dementia. The
most probable diagnosis is: (IMDC)
● beriberi
● pellagra*
● megaloblastic anemia
● scurvy
● rickets
525. A 28 years old girl presented with poor vision at night and on examination Bitot spots
were seen in her eyes. She is most likely suffering from: (IMDC)
● Vitamin C deficiency
● Protein Energy Malnutrition
● Vitamin E deficiency
● Selenium deficiency
● Vitamin A deficiency*
526. Daily protein requirement per kg body weight is highest during: (IMDC)
● Infancy*
● Adolescence
● Pregnancy
● Lactation
● Old age
527. Functional indicator for assessment of nutritional status is: (IMDC)
● Skinfold thickness
● Hemoglobin estimation
● Serum albumin
● Structural integrity*
● Socio economic factors
528. Pulse protein is deficient in which of the following essential amino acid? (IMDC)
● Lysine
● Methionine*
● Threonine
● Tryptophan
● Histidine
529. A child 8 years old presented with ulcers over the angle of mouth, swollen gums and
bleeding from teeth. Which nutrient deficiency can lead to this problem? (IMDC)
● Iron
● Vitamin A
● Vitamin C*
● Vitamin E
● Zinc
530. The weight of a child falls in the red zone of growth chart. The interpretation will
indicate: (IMDC)
● Normal nutrition
● Mild malnutrition
● Moderate malnutrition
● Severe malnutrition*
● Obesity
531. In a city majority of people are suffering from fluorosis of bones. Most probably there
is excess of fluorine in the: (IMDC)
● Soil
● Drinking Water*
● Meat
● Fruits and vegetables
● Toothpaste
532. All cases of measles in areas with high fatality rates should be treated with: (IMDC)
● Vitamin K
● Vitamin D
● Vitamin A*
● Vitamin C
● Vitamin E
533. Perinatal mortality includes. (IMDC)
● deaths of children under 1 year
● death of fetus after 28 weeks and 7 days after birth*
● death of neonate within one month
● death of child before 2 years
● still births
534. A public health officer wants to assess the physical growth of 500 children of under 05
year of age in a village. The best single parameter will be: (IMDC)
● Weight for age*
● Height for age
● Weight for height
● Skin fold thickness
● Head to chest ratio
535. Out of 4000 live births in an year 200 died in first year of life. The infant mortality rate
per 1000 live births will be. (IMDC)
● 10
● 15
● 20
● 25
● 50*
536. A woman 35 years of age complains of sudden unilateral leg pain. She is on combined
oral hormonal contraceptives. What would you do? (IMDC)
● general physical examination
● physiotherapy
● check blood pressure
● prescribe pain killers
● stop hormonal contraceptives immediately*
537. Most common cause of maternal mortality is: (IMDC)
● Infection
● Malnutrition
● Toxemia of pregnancy
● Hemorrhage*
● Multiple pregnancies
538. Regarding breast feeding, which one of the following is true? (IMDC)
● Feeding of the newborn should commence two days after birth
539. Mode of action of oral contraception pills is: (IMDC)
● By killing the sperms
● By increasing the viscosity of vaginal flora
● By blocking the pituitary secretion of gonadotropin*
● By blocking the secretion of renal gland
● By blocking the secretion of growth hormone
540. A woman 32 years of age complains of sudden unilateral leg pain. She is on combined
oral hormonal contraceptives. What would you do? (IMDC)
● General physical examination
● Physiotherapy
● Check blood pressure
● Prescibe pain killers
● Stop hormonal contraceptives immediately*
541. “Eligible couple” refers to: (IMDC)
● Married couple where wife is in reproductive age of 15-45 years*
● Newly married couple
● Couple with one child
● Couple between age of 20-25 years
● Couple with 2-3 living children
542. Approximate magnitude of family size can be obtained from: (IMDC)
● Pregnancy rate
● General Marital fertility rate
● Gross production rate
● Total fertility rate*
● Age specific production rate
543. Denominator in Maternal Mortality ratio is: (IMDC)
● Total number of live births
● Total births
● Total number of neonates
● 1000 Live births**
● Total no of maternal deaths in children birth
544. “Barrier method” of contraception is. (IMDC)
● Post-coital pill
● Combined pill
● Vaginal sponge*
● Injectable
● Vasectomy
545. Most common complication of uterine pregnancy with Intra uterine device in situated
is: (IMDC)
● Uterine perforation
● Spontaneous abortion*
● Premature birth
● Intrauterine death
● Pelvic inflammation
546. Pre-term babies are: (IMDC)
● Born after 42 completed weeks of gestation
● Whose weight is below the 10th percentile for the gestational age
● Born before the end of 37 weeks of gestation*
● Born between 37 completed weeks to less than 42 completed weeks of gestation
● Whose weight is between 2 to 2.5 kg
547. Breast feeding should be started within……..of birth: (IMDC)
● 1 hour*
● 2 hours
● 24 hours
● 36 hours
● 72 hours
548. Rooming- in means: (IMDC)
● To walk near baby
● To provide sufficient space to the baby
● To feed baby
● To keep the baby crib by side of mother’s bed*
● To give honey to newborn baby
549. In a city out of 4000 births, 50 died in first 7 days while another 150 died in first 28
days. The neonatal mortality rate/1000 live births will be: (IMDC)
● 10
● 20
● 50*
● 75
● 80
550. 3rd generation IUCD acts by: (IMDC)
● strong anti-fertility effect of metallic copper
● by altering the composition of cervical mucosa
● hormonal effect on mucosa of endometrium*
● enhanced cellular response on endometrium
● inhibiting ovulation
551. The numerator for calculating failure rate for contraceptive methods is: (IMDC)
● Number of women using contraception
● Number of live births
● Number of accidental pregnancy**
● Number of abortion
● Number of still births
552. The most cost effective family planning method for a person who has completed his
family is: (IMDC)
● Vasectomy*
● Oral contraceptive pills
● IUCDS
● Condoms
● Abstinence
553. Consanguinity means: (IMDC)
● Marriage between first cousins*
● To have two wives
● To remain unmarried
● To have more than two wives
● Marriage outside the family
554. Pelvic inflammatory disease is an absolute contraindication for: (IMDC)
● Tubal ligation
● Insertion of IUCD*
● Oral contraceptive pills
● Use of condoms
● Sub dermal implants
555. The correct statement regarding breast feeding is: (IMDC)
● Feeding of the new born should commence two days after birth
556. Children with parental disharmony are more prone to: (IMDC)
● Juvenile delinquency*
● Accidents
● Epilepsy
● Mental retardation
● Day dreaming
557. The most emphasized school health service out of these is: (IMDC)
● Immunization of every child against infectious diseases*
● Examination of blood of every child
● Examination of urine of every child
● X ray chest of every child
● White washing of all classrooms
558. The key person for health education in a school is: (IMDC)
● school health officer
● school health assistant
● school health nurse
● school teacher*
● school administrator
559. The most recommended desk for school students is: (IMDC)
● Plus and minus desk.
● Zero desk
● Minus desk*
● Plus and zero desk
● Plus desk
560. The combined door and window area of the classroom should be at least: (IMDC)
● 5 % of the floor space
● 10% of the floor space
● 25% of the floor space*
561. The correct statement about shallow wells is: (IMDC)
● Its water is usually safer than deep wells
● It taps the water between first and second impervious layers
● There should be no source of contamination within 15 meters of the well*
● The yield of water is more than deep wells
● The water present in it comes from deep wells
562. Increased use of electricity, natural gas and central heating in place of coal has greatly
helped in smoke reduction. This procedure for prevention and control of air pollution is:
(IMDC)
● Containment
● Dilution
● Replacement*
● Mechanical ventilation
● Air conditioning
563. A hospital was provided with buckets of different colors to dispose of hospital waste.
Staff will be advised to throw the unused medicines in. (IMDC)
● Black bucket**
● Yellow bucket
● Blue bucket
● Red bucket
● White bucket
564. The correct sequence of the steps involved in purification of water by rapid sand filters
is: (IMDC)
● Flocculation, Rapid mixing, coagulation, Filtration, Sedimentation
● Coagulation, Rapid mixing, Flocculation, Sedimentation, Filtration*
● Rapid mixing, Sedimentation, Filtration, Flocculation, Coagulation
● Flocculation, Filtration, Sedimentation, Rapid mixing, Coagulation
● Filtration, Coagulation, Rapid mixing, Sedimentation, Flocculation
565. Coliform group of micro-organisms are usually chosen for drinking water testing
because they are: (IMDC)
● All pathogenic
● Only of fecal origin
● Present in higher concentration in faecal matter*
● Persist in environment for a short duration of time
● Are difficult to detect
566. Rapid sand filter is an important method of purification of surface water. The correct
statement regarding rapid sand filter is: (IMDC)
● Alum is used for coagulation at the rate of 5-40mg/litre*
● It is easier to operate as compared to slow sand filters
● The vital layer is formed just above the fine sand layer
● When blocked, back washing is not necessary
● Large area is required as compared to slow sand filters
567. The correct statement regarding hospital waste is: (IMDC)
● Usually about 90% of the total is risk waste
● Pharmaceutical waste is not included in hospital waste
● Non risk waste should not be disposed with ordinary city waste
● Inertization is one of the methods of disposal of hospital waste*
● Risk and non risk waste should be disposed together
568. Activated sludge process is an approved method of disposal of sewage water. The
most important part of this method is: (IMDC)
● Aeration tank*
● Screening chamber
● Primary sedimentation tank
● Secondary sedimentation tank
● Tertiary sedimentation tank
569. A mountaineer was attempting to reach the summit of K-2.When he climbed upto
6,000 meters, he suddenly developed breathlessness, fatigue, headache and vomiting. His
symptoms were due to: (IMDC)
● Frost bite
● Meningitis
● Caisson disease
● Hypothermia
● Mountain sickness*
570. A sanitary well is the one: (IMDC)
● Open from the top
● 5 meters away from the source of contamination
● Platform around the well with gentle slope inwards
● Provision of parapet above the ground level*
● People use their own buckets and ropes
571. The following steps may be involved in chlorination of wells: (IMDC)
1. Dissolve bleaching powder
2. Put chlorine solution in the well
3. Find out the amount of water in the well
4. Find the amount of bleaching powder required
The correct sequence is:
● 3,4,1,2*
● 1,2,3,4
● 1,3,4,2
● 3,4,2,1
● 1,4,3,2
572. For good ventilation, doors and windows combined should have area: (IMDC)
● ¼ of floor area*
● ½ of floor area
● 2/5 of floor area
● ¾ of floor area
● 3/5 of floor area
573. The factor responsible for smog is: (IMDC)
● Lack of air movement
● Increase of humidity
● Heat island phenomenon
● Temperature inversion*
● Increased carbon dioxide
574. The measure of use of larvicide is: (IMDC)
● Environmental control
● repellent
● Biological control**
● Radiological control
● Sanitation control
575. Arthropods belonging to class insect are: (IMDC)
● House flies + ticks
● Bed bugs + mites
● mosquitoes + cyclops
● lice + rat fleas*
● itch mite + Cyclops
576. The causative agent of amoebiasis is: (IMDC)
● Ascarislumbricoides
● E.histolytica*
● Necatoramericanus
● Dracunculusmedinensis
● Ancylostomaduodenale
577. The diseases spread by house flies are: (IMDC)
● Cholera + yellow fever
● sleeping sickness + malaria
● diarrhea + dysentery*
● leishmaniasis + cholera
● Dengue fever + amoebiasis
578. The infection acquired through ingestion of under cooked beef is. (IMDC)
● Taeniasis*
● Filariasis
● Amoebiasis
● Rabies
● Plague
579. During an emergency, the most effective method to ensure constant dosage of
chlorine in well is: (IMDC)
● Daily disinfection of well
● Weekly disinfection of well
● Double pot method*
● Finding a new source of water
● Daily sanitary surveys
580. The function of the free residual chlorine is to: (IMDC)
● Make water colorless and odorless
● Kill the spores
● Kill the eggs and cysts
● Prevent subsequent contamination*
● Measure the amount of chlorine in water
581. Mosquitos breeding areas are flowerpots, discarded tins and broken bottles for:
(IMDC)
● Anopheles mosquito
● Culex mosquito
● Mansoni mosquito
● Culex and mansoni mosquitos
● Aedes Mosquito*
582. The most common and widely distributed air pollutant produced by automobiles,
industrial process and heating facilities is: (IMDC)
● Carbon mono oxide*
● Sulpherdioxide
● Cadmium
● Ozone
● Hydrocarbon
583. The delayed somatic effect of radiations is: (IMDC)
● Radiation sickness
● Acute radiation sickness
● Leukemia*
● Chromosome mutation
● Point mutation
584. Pipe which carries human excreta and waste water through an underground network
is: (IMDC)
● Sewer*
● Sewage
● Sullage
● Sludge
● Scum
585. Ideally periodic examination of worker in an industry should be done: (IMDC)
● Daily
● Weekly
● Monthly
● Yearly
● Depending upon the type of exposure*
586. 40 years old coal mine worker since 18 years presented with chronic cough and
breathlessness. The most likely diagnosis is: (IMDC)
● Asbestosis
● Anthracosis*
● Byssinosis
● Bagassosis
● Silicosis
587. In occupational Health, discipline dealing with designing of equipment and lay-out of
the work place to achieve the best mutual adjustment of man and his work, for the
improvement of human efficiency and well-being is: (IMDC)
● Industrial health
● Biohazard safety
● Industrial hygiene
● Human engineering
● Ergonomics*
588. In a glass factory, some workers have developed silicosis. What is the most suitable
approach to avoid this problem? (IMDC)
● Pre-placement examination
● Personal hygiene
● Periodic chest X-rays
● Rigorous dust control*
● Substitution
589. A shipyard worker presents with increasing breathlessness. His X-ray shows ground
glass appearance in lower two thirds of lungs. He is likely to be suffering from: (IMDC)
● Anthracosis
● Silicosis
● Asbestosis*
● Farmer’s lung
● Byssinosis
590. Pottery industry worker developed Tuberculosis. The likely condition which made him
prone to tuberculosis was: (IMDC)
● Anthracosis
● Asbestosis
● Begassosis
● Silicosis*
● Byssinosis
591. A person aged 40 years, working as a laborer in grain market for the last 25 years
presented with a history of repeated attacks of respiratory infections in the last 1 year.
X-ray showed pulmonary fibrosis. The likely diagnosis was: (HBS/IMDC)
● Tuberculosis
● Silicosis
● Silicotuberculosis
● Farmer’s lung*
● Baggassosis
592. A worker who had been in the battery manufacturing unit for the last 20 years,
reported to you with complaints of loss of appetite and abdominal colic of 2 weeks duration.
You will prefer to investigate him for: (IMDC)
● Cholecystitis
● Lead poisoning*
● Appendicitis
● Ameobiasis
● Ca stomach
593. Byssinosis is an occupational diseases involving lungs, results due to dust of: (IMDC)
● Chlorine
● Cotton*
● Sugarcane
● Phosgene
● mercury
594. Plumbism results, when blood levels of lead increase above: (IMDC)
● 50ug/100ml
● 70 ug/100ml*
● 60ug/100ml
● 80ug/100ml
● 90ug/100ml
595. Ergonomics is a: (IMDC)
● Branch of anthropology
● Branch of astrophysics
● Branch of geology
● Study of workers in relation to the working environment*
● Study of agricultural economics
596. An alleged increase in the incidence of pleural mesothelioma was reported in a small
industrial town. The underlying cause could be: (IMDC)
● Arsenic
● Asbestos*
● Lead
● Silicon
● Mercury
597. On chest x-ray, the ground glass appearance in the lower 2/3 of the lung field
indicates: (IMDC)
● Anthracosis
● Silicosis
● Bagassosis
● Asbestosis*
● Q fever
598. Best control measure available to combat silicosis is: (IMDC)
● Rigorous dust control measure*
● Health improvement of the exposed subjects
● Periodic examination
● Adequate personal hygiene
● periodic chest x-rays
599. The most common occupational cancer worldwide is: (IMDC)
● lung cancer*
● skin cancer
● oral cancer
● Leukemia
● Stomach cancer
600. A worker of an industry dealing with spare parts such as gas kit and brakes came to
hospital with complain of exertionaldyspnoea. He also had history of smoking. His Chest X-Ray
showed ground-glass appearance in lower two third of the lung fields. He may likely be
suffering from: (IMDC)
● Anthracosis
● Siderosis.
● Asbestosis*
● Aspergillosis
● Byssinosis
601. In order to prevent silicosis among workers of a glass factory, most important control
measure recommended is: (IMDC)
● Adequate nutrition
● personal hygiene
● Replacement
● Mental health
602. Measures designed to prevent hazards from causing emergency or to lessen the likely
effects of emergencies come under. (IMDC)
● Response
● Rehabilitation
● Re construction
● Mitigation*
● Preparedness
603. Floods are a type of: (IMDC)
● Tectonic disaster
● meteorological disaster
● Topological Disaster*
● Bio warfare
● Telluric Disaster
604. Displacement of domesticated and wild animals in disaster increases the risk of
transmission of: (IMDC)
● Exotic diseases
● Zoonotic diseases*
● Sporadic diseases
● Nosocomial infection diseases
● Opportunistic infections
605. A case of snake bite was brought to a basic health unit. According to Standard
guideline the immediate step to be taken is: (IMDC)
● Ice packing
● Apply tourniquet
● Give incisions in the wound
● Immobilize the bitten area*
● Application of special Herbs
606. 45 years old gentleman presents with a two-week history of polydipsia and polyuria.
He is found to have random blood glucose of 200 mg/dl. There are no ketones in the urine.
Most suitable for this man is that he should be: (IMDC)
● Start regular hypoglycemic
● Reassured & reassessed after 2 months
● On restricted diet & reassessed after 10 days*
● Admit him in hospital
● Immediately start Insulin therapy
607. After a disaster, TRIAGE is an approach for: (IMDC)
● Provision of food and shelter to the people
● Removal of dead bodies
● Immunization of people
● Selection of injured who can be benefited the most from urgent medical treatment*
● Rehabilitation of the affected people
608. The steps taken to ensure that appropriate systems and resources are in place to
provide prompt effective assistance to disaster victims thus facilitating relief measures and
rehabilitation of services is known as: (IMDC)
● Disaster Preparedness*
● Disaster Reporting
● Disaster Impact
● Disaster Response
609. The color coding given to high priority treatment in triage is: (IMDC)
● Blue
● Green
● Red*
● Yellow
● Black
610. The most economical and simple method to reduce the load of management of
hospital waste is:
● Limiting the use of instruments
● Using the same instruments again and again
● Burning all waste material
● Dumping all waste material
● Segregation*
611. A 50-year-old man was brought to basic health unit with history of snake bite 12 hours
back. On examination of the wound, multiple small puncture lesions with mild swelling was
observed. No other local and systemic signs of envenomation were found but the patient was
very anxious. The management for this patient is:
● Anti-rabies vaccine
● Reassurance*
● Antibiotics
● Tourniquet
● Polyvalent anti snake venom
612. The change of emphasis from “health care for the people” to “health care by the
people” is an example of. (IMDC)
● Individual responsibility
● Self-care in health
● Community responsibility*
● State responsibility
● International responsibility
613. The biggest source of data in Pakistan is. (IMDC)
● Union council
● Cantonment Board
● Municipal committees
● Social security
● Census*
614. The Census, registration of vital events, sample registration system, notification of
disease, hospital records, disease register, population surveys are sources of: (IMDC)
● Health management information system*
● Health education management system
● Health communication system
● Health advisory system
● Program planning management system
615. Patient has right to choose or refuse their treatment is known as: (IMDC)
● Autonomy*
● Non maleficence
● Beneficence
● Justice
● Equality
616. The prime function of management information system is: (IMDC)
● Disease control
● Reporting
● Decision making
● Monitoring and evaluation*
617. Implied consent means: (HBS/IMDC)
● Verbal consent
● Written consent
● Informed written consent
● No consent
● Patients coming to doctor is taken as consent*
618. Our rural population is facing multiple health problems. The best approach to deal
with their problem is to provide: (IMDC)
● Provision of free food
● Safe water supply and sanitation
● Free medical care
● Primary health care*
619. Following is characteristic feature of Socratic method of teaching. (IMDC)
● No feed back
● Communicates message even if unacceptable
● Active audience participation*
● Misconceptions not removed
● No attempt to remove misunderstanding
620. Regulatory approach in health education means: (IMDC)
● Regular booster of doses of knowledge
● Regular interaction of community
● Enforcement through law*
● Regular health education campaign
● Providing all health facilities and leaving the decision of use to the individuals.
621. Socratic methods of teaching is: (IMDC)
● Lecture
● Films
● Exhibition
● Demonstration
● Panel discussion**
622. Best tool for monitoring the budget of an organization is: (IMDC)
● Monthly statement
● Excess statement
● Accounting
● Pre- audit*
● Audit objectives
623. Gantt chart is a chart which depicts the project activities in relation to. (IMDC)
● Manpower
● Finances
● Time *
● Transport
● Material
624. Psychic and physical state resulting from interaction between a living organism and a
drug is. (IMDC)
● Drug abuse
● Drug dependency*
● Drug intoxication
● Drug adverse effect
● Drug reaction
625. Application of scientific method of investigation to the study of complex human
organization and services is: (IMDC)
● Network analysis
● Operational Research*
● Public health Research
● System Analysis
● Community research
626. Planning is defined as: (IMDC)
● Setting an organization’s objectives and the means of achieving it*
● The core activity of planners and planning departments.
● Getting work done through others.
● Specific activity for achieving objective
● ultimate desire of the program
627. Which ISO Certification Standard is used in hospital quality management in
Pakistan? (IMDC)
● ISO 9000
● ISO 9001*
● ISO 9002
● ISO 9003
● ISO 9004
628. The first step in evaluation is: (IMDC)
● Planning the methodology.
● Gathering information.
● Determine what is to be evaluated*
● Establishment of standards and criteria.
● Planning the planning
629. A technique adopted by health management in which a critical review and
evaluation of program is made and represented in the form of a diagram is termed as: (IMDC)
● work sampling
● network analysis
● information system
● program evaluation and review technique*
● system analysis
630. PERT is a management technique for: (IMDC)
● System analysis
● Work sampling
● In put out put analysis
● Network analysis*
● Cost effective analysis
631. A study is being conducted to find out the prevalence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in
District Khuzdar. What study design will be most appropriate for this purpose? (IMDC)
● Ecological
● Case Control
● Cohort
● Cross-sectional*
● NRCT
632. A study has been planned to assess the high risk behaviors of transgender people in a
community. What is the most appropriate sampling technique for this purpose? (IMDC)
● Cluster
● Simple random
● Stratified
● Snowball*
● Systematic random
633. The mean of a sample is an important sample. (IMDC)
● Parameter
● Statistic*
● Variable
● Indicator
● Index
634. Cohort studies are also known as. (IMDC)
● Retrospective
● Recall
● Longitudinal*
● Homologous
● Prevalence
635. What is the maximum number of controls you can select per case in a case control
study? (IMDC)
● 5
● 6
● 3
● 4*
● 10
636. A study is being conducted to implicate the disuse of breastfeeding in the increased
incidence of breast cancer in a community. What is the most appropriate study design?
(IMDC)
● Case Control*
● Cohort
● Case report
● Cross-sectional
637. A study is being done to identify ear lobe crease as a precursor of ischemic heart
disease. Which of the following parameter will help in identifying the utility of this easy to
observe clinical sign? (IMDC)
● Sensitivity
● Positive predictive value*
● Validity
● Specificity
● Negative predictive value
638. The process of allocating study participants to two or more intervention groups in a
clinical trial, where each participant has an equal chance of being a part of either group is
called. (IMDC)
● Randomization*
● Respondent driven sampling
● Interventional
● Stratification
639. The number of times an event can occur divided by the total number of occurrences is
known as. (IMDC)
● Chi square
● Anova
● Tukey’s test
● Type 2 error
● Probability*
640. In order to identify the risk factors for genderbased violence which of the following is
the most appropriate study design. (IMDC)
● Cohort
● Case control*
● RCT
● Focus group discussion
641. Matching is an important characteristic of: (IMDC)
● Cohort studies
● Case control studies*
● Ecological studies
● Case series
● Cross-sectional
642. Which of the following sampling techniques is used to filter out hidden population sub
groups during research? (IMDC)
● Multiphase sampling
● Quota sampling
● Snowball sampling*
● Stratified sampling
643. Which study type provides the most scientifically valid evidence out of the following:
(IMDC)
● Systematic Reviews
● RCT
● Meta-analysis*
● Narrative review
● Case control
644. A study based on the idea of comparative recall and set in the structure of an ongoing
longitudinal study design is often called: (IMDC)
● Unmatched case control
● Quasi experimental study
● Explorative study
● Nested case control study*
● Retrospective cohort
645. Which of the following is the most appropriate study design to find out the incidence
of CCHF in a community of animal handlers? (IMDC)
● Case Control
● RCT
● Ecological
● Cohort*
● Cross-sectional
646. A questionnaire with all questions which are closed ended is known as. (IMDC)
● Structured*
● Self-administered
● Quantitative
● Primary
● Holistic
647. When gleaning information about the past from the study participants, which is the
most common type of bias encountered. (IMDC)
● Instrument
● Observer
● Recall*
● Berksonian
● Confounding
648. Which part of the study report justifies the selection of the study topic? (IMDC)
● Title
● Literature review
● Rationale*
● Subject selection
● Sampling technique
649. A study was conducted to identify coffee drinking as a potential risk factor for
pancreatic cancer, which of the following subject characteristics can be attributed as
confounders. (IMDC)
● Type of coffee
● Smoking*
● Oral hygiene
● Diabetes
● Sedentary lifestyle
650. Alpha error is: (IMDC)
● Probability of rejecting false null hypothesis
● Probability of rejecting true null hypothesis*
● Probability of not rejecting false null hypothesis
● Probability of accepting true null hypothesis
● Probability of rejecting null and alternate hypothesis
651. The government claims that it has devolved the system through constitution. The term
devolution means: (IMDC)
● Span of control
● Unity of command
● Motivation of manpower
● Delegation of authority*
● Homogenous assignment
652. In smaller and remote health care facilities where incineration and land filling is not
possible, hospital waste management can be done by: (IMDC)
● Inertization
● Encapsulation
● Safe burying*
● Microwave irradiation
● Wet thermal treatment
653. The best parameter to evaluate the quality of protein for body needs is: (IMDC)
● Protein-efficiency ratio
● Biological value
● Digestibility coefficient
● Net protein utilization*
● Amount of proteins consumed daily.
654. A 3 years old boy presented with mild muscle wasting, edema, moon like face, pot
belly, diffuse pigmentation and thin sparse hair. The most probable diagnosis is: (IMDC)
● Marasmus
● Kwashiorkor*
● Beriberi
● Rickets
● Osteomalasia
655. Out of all essential amino acids, histidine is especially required for: (IMDC)
● Adults
● Pregnant ladies
● Children*
● lactating mothers
● Old age people
656. An inverse relationship is found between reduced incidence of cancer of colon and
stomach with increase intake of: (IMDC)
● Pulses
● Cereals
● Starch
● dietary fiber*
● beans and nuts
657. During purification, storing water for 5-7 days decreases the bacterial count by:
(IMDC)
● 10%
● 20%
● 30%
● 50%
● 90%*
658. The most appropriate technique used to purify highly polluted water is: (IMDC)
● Simple chlorination
● Chloramination
● Super chlorination*
● High test hypochlorite
● Break point chlorination
659. Winchester Quartz bottle is used to: (IMDC)
● Store bleaching powder
● Measure the amount of chlorine for disinfection of well
● Perform orthotoulidne test for free residual chorine
● Collect sample of water for physical and chemical examination*
● Double pot method
660. The arthropod given the name of tiger mosquito due to presence of white stripes on
the legs and body is: (IMDC)
● Anopheles mosquito
● Aedes Aegypti*
● Sand fly
● Lice
● Flea
661. Damage to crops, houses and marine life occurs due to acid rain as water combines
with: (IMDC)
● Sulphur dioxide and Nitrogen dioxide*
● Carbon mono oxide and oxygen
● Hydrogen disulphide and water
● Nitrogen dioxide and carbon dioxide
● phosphorus
662. Cone of filtration is an imaginary cone built around a well. The importance of this cone
is: (IMDC)
● To determine the level of water in well
● To determine the depth of well
● To calculate the amount of bleaching powder for disinfecting well
● To calculate volume of water in well
● To trace the origin of pollution in the area of cone around well*
663. A 50-year-old obese man, smoker for 30 years presented to his family Physician. He
was concerned about heart disease because his mother recently had myocardial infarction
and his father passed away due to heart disease. The doctor advised him to have regular
exercise and to quit smoking. The strategy is: (IMDC)
● Specific protection
● Primary prevention*
664. Comprehensive health care is the system of delivery of personal and impersonal
health services to the community. Impersonal health service includes: (IMDC)
● Vector control measures*
● Regular checkup of workers in industries
● Provision of medication to school children
● Immunization of children
665. The maximum number of deciduous teeth (milk teeth) a school child can have are:
(IMDC)
● 20*
● 24
● 28
● 32
● 40
666. In disaster relief plan, the term “TRIAGE” mean giving priority to: (IMDC)
● Those casualties most likely to benefit from urgent medical treatment**
● Those casualties who are in critical condition
● Fracture cases
● Those who have lost their relatives
● Those with minor injuries
667. The topological disasters include: (IMDC)
● Floods and landslides*
● Hurricanes and storms
● Earthquakes and droughts
● Avalanches and cyclones
● Atomic explosions and volcanic eruptions
668. Most common site of malignancy worldwide in both sexes is: (IMDC)
● Stomach
● Lung*
● Colon
● Oral cavity
● Brain
669. The zoological name of Cobra is: (IMDC)
● Naja Naja*
● EchisCarinatus
● RanaTigrena
● BungusCaeruleus
● Viper Russelli
670. For rural population in Pakistan health department has introduced a homemade fluid
for oral rehydration. This is described as: (IMDC)
● Appropriate technology*
● Feasibility
● Suitability
● Equity
671. Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) was started to vaccinate the children
against six specific vaccine preventable diseases. This reflects: (IMDC)
● Selective approach*
● Comprehensive PHC
● Equality
● Intersectoral coordination
672. For providing quality health services, community participation plays an essential role.
To ensure maximum community participation, which level of health care system should be
strengthened? (IMDC)
● Secondary health care
● Tertiary health care
● Teaching hospital
● Higher level referral facility
673. Ultimate desire of any program is called: (IMDC)
● Goal*
● Aim
● Plan
● Target
● Objective
674. A basic health unit serves a population of:
● < 2000
● 2000-5000
● 5000-10,000*
● 10,000-15,000
● > 15,000
675. Ability of a screening test to identify correctly those who do not have the disease is
termed as: (IMDC)
● Sensitivity
● Specificity*
● Positive predictive value
● Negative predictive value
● Prevalence
676. Number of doctors available in a BHU in Pakistan are: (IMDC)
● One male and one female medical officer*
● Two male and 3 female medical officers
● Two male medical officers and a dental surgeon
● 3 female medical officers, a cardiologist and a pediatrician
● One male medical officer, Gynecologist, Radiologist and ENT specialist
677. For eradication of measles, immunization coverage should be at least: (IMDC)
● 60 %
● 55 %
● 96 %*
● 100 %
● 40%
678. Australia antigen is name used for: (IMDC)
● HBsAg*
● HBcAg
● Anti-HBc
● HBV
● HCV
679. Most common occupational cancer is: (IMDC)
● Lung cancer
● Skin cancer**
● Oral cancer
● Leukemia
● Stomach cancer
680. Major cause of mortality in developed countries is: (IMDC)
● Acute intestinal infections
● Chronic respiratory infections
● Cardiovascular diseases*
● Industrial accidents
● Road traffic accidents
681. Elevated levels of which of the following hormone has been linked with coronary
heart disease? (IMDC)
● Testosterone
● Estrogen*
● Progesterone
● Thyroxin
● Growth hormones
682. Rule of half is most appropriately applicable to. (IMDC)
● Cancers
● Diabetes meatus*
● Hypertension*
● Rheumatic diseases
● Blindness
683. Alcohol intake is most commonly associated with malignancy of: (IMDC)
● Lungs
● Bones
● Oral cavity
● Liver*
● Skin
684. Most commonly reported disease in the post disaster period is: (IMDC)
● Gastroenteritis*
● Tetanus
● Malaria
● Rabies
● Plaque
685. During massive disaster what should be done first: (IMDC)
● Search, rescue and first aid*
● Hospital treatment
● Rehabilitation
● Infection control
● Mitigation
686. During disaster management the following condition would be classified under
international code green signal: (IMDC)
● High priority treatment
● Medium priority treatment
● Slightly injured
● Ambulatory patient*
● Dead patients
687. Population growth rate is considered be explosive if the annual growth rate exceeds:
(IMDC)
● 0.1%
● 0.5%
● 0.5%
● 1%
● 2%*
688. The stage which is characterized by low birth rate and low death rate indicates:
(IMDC)
● first stage
● second stage
● third stage
● fourth stage*
● fifth stage
689. Number of live births in a year to 1000 women in any age specific group is called:
(IMDC)
● Age specific fertility rate*
● Gross reproduction rate
690. When a vertical line drawn from the edge of the desk falls on the edge of the seat then
it is: (IMDC)
● Minus desk
● Plus desk
● Zero desk*
● Minus and zero desk
● Plus and minus desk
691. The daily caloric requirement for the school child should be around: (IMDC)
● 1000 kcal
● 1500kcal**
● 2500kcal
● 6000kcal
● 8000kcal
692. The combined Oral Contraceptive Pills contain: (IMDC)
● Estrogen and progesterone in equal amounts
● Progestogens alone
● Less Progestogen and more Estrogen
● Less Estrogen and more Progestogen*
● Only Ethyl Estradione
693. The primary aim of antenatal care is: (IMDC)
● To educate the mother about breast feeding
● To council mothers regarding child care
● To remove anxiety associated with pregnancy
● To sensitize the mother for family planning
● To achieve at the end of pregnancy a healthy mother and a healthy baby*
694. Copper-T belongs to: (IMDC)
● First generation IUCDs
● Second generation IUCDs*
● Third generation IUCDS
● Terminal methods
● Barrier methods
695. Non contraceptive benefit of combined oral pills is the reduction of: (IMDC)
● Iron deficiency anemia*
● Breast cancer
● Ovarian cancer
● Ovarian cysts
696. At 10th week, we immunize infant with: (IMDC)
● DPT, hepatitis B, Hib + Oral polio drops and measles
● Measles, BCG, and Oral polio drops, pneumococcal vaccine
● DPT, hepatitis B and Hib, pneumococcal vaccine
● DPT, hepatitis B, Hib and Oral polio drops, pneumococcal vaccine*
● DPT, Oral polio drops and BCG
697. Restrictions of healthy contacts of infectious disease is labelled as: (IMDC)
● Isolation
● Segregation
● Interruption
● Quarantine*
● Notification
698. The property of indicator to actually measure what is supposed to measure is called:
(IMDC)
● Feasibility
● Reliability
● Validity*
● Sensitivity
● Specificity
699. The human Development Index (HDI) takes into account the following indicator:
(IMDC)
● Health care delivery indicator
● Real income per capita*
● Morbidity indicator
● Nutritional indicators
● Disability rate indicator
700. The host does not shed organisms and it lies in dormant form during: (IMDC)
● Latent infection*
● Incubation Period
● Carrier state
● Clinical state
● Subclinical state
701. At the time of census, the counting of a person at his normal or usual residence is:
(IMDC)
● De-jure*
● De-facto
● Just enumeration
● Mixed one
● Just a survey
702. In a village the number of live births was 5000 with 15 maternal deaths. The maternal
mortality ratio per thousand live births will be: (IMDC)
● 3*
● 10
● 8
● 7
● 5
703. An industrial worker reported to you with complaints of cough, history of dyspnoea
on exertion and pain in the chest. His X-ray chest showed snowstorm appearance. The
diagnosis would be: (HBS/IMDC)
● Lead poisoning
● Siderosis
● Silicosis*
● Aspergillosis
● Byssinossis
704. A rubber industry worker presents with abdominal colic and severe anaemia. His
blood examination reveals basophilic stippling of RBCs and microcytic anaemia. What is the
likely diagnosis? (IMDC)
● benzene poisoning
● Radiation effects
● Sideroblastic anemia
● Worm infestation
● Lead Poisoning*
705. A person aged 40 years working as a labourer in grain market for the last 25 years
presented with a history of repeated attacks of respiratory infections . X-ray showed
pulmonary fibrosis. The likely diagnosis was: (HBS)
● Tuberculosis
● Silicosis
● Baggassosis
706. A aged 40 years labourer, working a in grain market for the last 25 years presented
with a history of repeated attacks of respiratory infections. X-ray showed pulmonary fibrosis.
The likely diagnosis was: (IMDC)
● Tuberculosis
● Silicosis
● Farmer’s lung
● Baggassosis
707. A worker from Cardboard manufacturing firm where sugarcane fibre was used to
make cardboard and rayon presented with breathlessness, cough, haemoptysis and mild
fever. X-Ray show mottling in lung or shadows. What is the likely diagnosis? (IMDC)
● Byssinosis
● Anthracosis
● Bagassosis*
● Silicosis
● Asbestosis
708. Keeping in mind the health scenario of Pakistan, which aspect is the most critical in
achieving the desired objective of health for all? (IMDC)
● Money
● Time
● Leadership in health care*
● Computer network
● Research
709. Alcohol Withdrawal symptom occurs in individual who are: (IMDC)
● Social drinkers
● Heavy Drinkers*
● Experimental drinkers
● Recreational Drinkers
● Occasional drinker
710. Government implies many poverty alleviations schemes to ensure economic stability
and health during a program of safe water supply. This reflects: (IMDC)
● Intersectorial collaboration*
● Equality
● Equity
● Efficiency
711. If a manager ensures less wastage of resources he is said to be: (IMDC)
● Effective
● Efficient*
● A monitor
● A decision maker
● Supervisor
712. Self-administration of a drug for non-medical reasons in quantities and frequencies
which may impair an individual’s ability to function effectively and which may result in social,
physical or emotional harm is known as: (IMDC)
● Drug therapy
● Drug tolerance
● Drug abuse*
● Drug Dependence
● Drug Withdrawal
713. To promote sale of Iodized salts in the areas which are the recognized belts of Iodine
deficiencies is an example of. (IMDC)
● Monitoring
● Decision making
● Equity*
● Affordability
● Efficiency
714. Management is defined as: (IMDC)
● Setting an organization’s objectives and the means of achieving it.
● The core activity of planners and planning departments.
● Getting work done through others*
● Specific activity for achieving objective
● Ultimate desire of the program
715. In general, the percentage of non-risk component of hospital waste is: (IMDC)
● 50%
● 30%
● 10%
● 80%*
● 100%
716. Removal of Measles and Polio from large geographical areas by interrupting the
transmission of causative organism is: (IMDC)
● Eradication
● Elimination*
● Evaluation
● Monitoring
● Surveillance
717. In a village there were large cases of diarrhea due to consumption of contaminated
water from the same well. This is a type of. (IMDC)
● Point source epidemic single exposure
● Common source epidemic repeated exposure*
● Propagated epidemic
● Seasonal epidemic
● Cyclic epidemic
718. When there are extreme values in the data set then ____ is calculated: (IMDC)
● Mean
● Median*
● Mode
● Arithmetic mean
● Harmonic mean
719. The minimum recommended floor space of room for 2 adult persons is: (IMDC)
● 80 sq.
● 90 sq.
● 100 sq.
● 110 sq.*
● 120 sq.
720. Continuous scrutiny & action of factors that determine occurrence & distribution of
disease is: (IMDC)
● Monitoring
● Surveillance*
● System analysis
● Disease control
● Evaluation
721. Sum of all values of a data divided by total number of observations is: (HBS)
● Median
● Mean*
● Mode
● Variance
722. In a study conducted on 8 patients, their pulse rates were found to be 60, 64. 66. 58,
70, 72, 73, and 75 per minute. Their median pulse rate is: (HBS)
● 60
● 68
● 69*
● 70
● 75
723. If you want to present different ages in a population, the best form of graphical
presentation will be: (HBS)
● Pie chart
● Histogram
● Bar graph*
● Line diagram
● Scatter plot
724. Statistically, find the range of the following incubation periods for hepatitis A: 27, 31,
15, 30, and 22 days. (HBS)
● 16 days*
● 10 days
● 14 days
● 12 days
● 18 days
725. The best & economical method of screening for a disease is: (HBS)
● High risk screening*
● Multiphase screening
● Mass screening
● Prospective studies
● Snowball Screening
726. A PAP smear was performed on 100 females. Screening. test was positive in 10
individuals out of which only 3 females were positive for disease by FNAC 25 females were
true negative. Sensitivity of the test is: (HBS)
● 30%
● 4.4%*
● 10%
● 15%
● 50 %
727. Incomplete metamorphosis occurs in: (HBS)
● Mosquito
● Housefly
● Louse*
● Sandfly
● None of above
728. All are Zoonotic diseases except: (HBS)
● Anthrax
● Brucellosis
● Leptospirosis
● Rabies
● Scabies*
729. Paris green is used as: (HBS)
● Repellant
● Anti-Adult measure
● Anti- Larval measure*
● Residual spray
● Space spray
730. Ergonomics means (HBS)
● Fitting the worker to the job
● Fitting the job to the worker*
● Fitting the job to the manager
● Fitting the manager to the job
● Fitting the worker with the administration
731. It is dangerous to inhale inorganic dust particles of size from (HBS)
● to 3 micron
● 0.2 to 4 micron
● 0.3 to,3 micron
● 0.4 to 4 micron
● 0.5 to 3 micron*
732. Inhalation of Cotton fiber dust particles results in (HBS)
● Asbestosis
● Silicosis
● Byssinosis*
● Sagassosis
● Siderosis
733. Momentum of population is (HBS)
● Gradual and continuous increase in population
● Increase in population even after replacement level fertility has been achieved*
● Sudden decrease in population
● Sudden increase in population
● Sudden stoppage in increase of population
734. Treatment of choice in snake bite is (HBS)
● Anti-snake venom*
● Reassurance
● Suction
● Symptomatic treatment
● Thorough washing of wound
735. One important clinical sign of Kwashiorkor type of malnutrition is: (HBS)
● Monkey face
● Edema*
● Obvious muscle wasting
● Obvious loss of subcutaneous fat
● Usually good appetite.
736. Which of the following is not a feature of Marasmus? (HBS)
● Muscle wasting
● Low weight for height
● Hypo pigmented hair*
● Severe subcutaneous fat loss
● Irritability
737. Numerous studies around the world. In different periods of time and in different
situations have indicated a cause effect association between smoking and CORD. This feature
of association is known as: (HBS)
● Temporality
● Plausibility
● Consistency
● Specificity
● Strength*
738. Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) diminishes the Immunity of host making him more
prone to diarrheal diseases. This association between PEM and diarrhea would be labeled as:
(HBS)
● Specific
● Spurious
● indirect
● Direct*
● Consistent
739. If a researcher selects a wrong sampling technique, which bias is expected in his
study? (HBS)
● Selection bias*
● Confounding bias
● Neymans Dias
● Observer bias
● Berkesonian bias
740. End result of descriptive study will be: (HBS)
● Odd Ratio
● Relative risk
● Hypothesis*
● Incidence
● Prevalence
741. Incidence can be calculated in: (HBS)
● Case-Control study
● Cross Sectional study
● Cohort Study*
● None of all
742. A 35-year-old hookah smoker delivered a baby of 1.8 kg at home around 36 weeks of
gestation, as she was uneducated and did riot realize the need for a hospital delivery. The
most likely factor responsible for baby's weight in the given scenario is: (HBS)
● Maternal age
● Smoking*
● Gestational age
● Illiteracy
● Place of birth
743. A 16 weeks pregnant lady from a remote area 31 Piwiljab conies to the Obstetric OPD
for the first antenatal visit As it is not possible for her to come monthly for antenatal visits,
the doctor had advise her to come for the next visit at: (HBS)
● 18th week
● 20th week
● 24th week
● 32nd week*
● 38th week
744. A woman in the first trimester of pregnancy came with symptoms of mild fever, rash.
sore throat, and enlarged cervical glands. Presence of Specific immunoglobulin confirmed a
gestational infection that can be teratogenic. The likely Infection is: (HBS)
● HIV
● HBV
● Herpes simplex
● Chicken pox
● Rubella*
745. A 40-year-old primigravida presented with labor pains at thirty weeks of gestation.
Her BMI was 18, blood pressure 150/100 and proteinuria. She delivered a baby of 1.5 kg. The
given weight is ascribed to: (HBS)
● Advance maternal age
● Parity
● Pregnancy induced Hypertension*
● Low BMI
● Preterm delivery
746. A woman of 40 years age wants to have an advice on use of contraceptives. She has a
family history of cardiac problems and also two past C-sections. The best choice of
contraceptive for her would be: (HBS)
● Progesterone only pill*
● Combined pill
● Sub dermal implant
● Once a month pill
● Combined injectable contraceptive
747. A woman delivered a dead baby at 30 weeks of gestation. This mortality will be
categorized as: (HBS)
● Early neonatal
● Late neonatal
● Post neonatal
● Infant
● Perinatal*
748. World no tobacco day is celebrated each on (HBS)
● 7th March
● 31st May*
● 10th July
● 11th September
● 1st December
749. A drug abused in which there is no physical dependence, no tolerance and no
withdrawal symptoms is; (HBS)
● Amphetamines
● Barbiturates
● Caffeine*
● Cocaine
● Alcohol
750. Physical habituation is the (HBS)
● First effect of substance abuse
● Second effect of substance abuse
● Third effect of substance abuse*
● Fourth effect of substance abuse
● Never occurs in substance abuse
751. Cigarette smoking increase the risk of cancer of (HBS)
● Liver
● Bones
● Ovaries
● Uterus
● Esophagus*
752. Diarrhoea cases among children of an urban slum are on a rise. Almost all the mothers
are Illiterate and belong to lower socioeconomic class. It seems difficult to make them
understand the use of ORS. What method can provide the best solution In this scenario? (HBS)
● Role playing
● Poster competition
● Radio Programme
● Lectures*
● T.V commercials
753. The mental health problems of the aged have received considerable attention in
recent times in the developed countries. The causes of mental illness in the aged include:
(HBS)
● Organic conditions of the brain
● Economic insecurity
● Lack of a home
● Insecurity
● All of the above*
754. Non-Verbal Communication does not include (HBS)
● Bodily movements, postures
● Gestures
● Word of mouth*
● Facial expressions
● Silence
755. Which of the following is NOT direct method of nutrition assessment? (HBS)
● Anthropometry
● Clinical assessment
● Health vital statistics*
● Biophysical method
● Laboratory examination
756. One gram of fat produces: (HBS)
● 4 calories
● 5 calories
● 6 calories
● 8 calories
● 9 calories*
757. Interpret BMI if weight is 60 kg and height is 1.8 meters: (HBS)
● Underweight
● Normal*
● Pre obese
● Obese grade I
● Obese grade II
758. All are essential amino acids EXCEPT: (HBS)
● Phenylalanine
● Proline
● Lysine
● Leucine
● Threonine*
759. Mottling of teeth is a nutrition related condition which result from: (HBS)
● Deficiency of fluorine in drinking water
● Deficiency of chlorine in water
● Deficiency of iodine in water
● Excess of fluorine in drinking water*
● Malnutrition
760. Auditory fatigue starts appearing at: (HBS/RIHS)
● 70 db
● 80 db
● 90 db*
● 100 db
● 120 db
761. For disinfection of large quantity of water chlorine is applied in the form of: (HBS)
● Chlorine gas*
● Chloramines
● Bleaching powder
● Puri tab
● All of the above
762. Liver fluke transmission in (HBS)
● Water Washed discase
● Water dispersed discase
● Water related vector discase
● Water borne disease
● Water based discase*
763. Pellagra is due to deficiency of (HBS)
● Vitamin A
● Niacin*
● Biotin
● Vitamin C
● Vitamin D
764. Presence of Nitrates in water indicates: (HBS)
● Recent faecal pollution
● Remote faecal pollution*
● No faecal pollution
● No Safe water
765. The chemical method of disinfection of water amongst the following is: (HBS)
● Boiling
● Condensation
● Ultraviolet light
● Ozonation*
766. Which of the following is NOT included in the elements of Primary Health Care? (HBS)
● Immunization services
● Family planning services
● Specialized services*
● Provision of essential drugs
● Health education regarding water & sanitation
767. There is inverse relationship between hardness of drinking water and (HBS)
● Diabetes mellitus
● Cardiovascular disease*
● Malignancy
● Obesity
● TB
768. Which of the following decade was declared as "international drinking water supply
and sanitation? (HBS)
● 1951 to 1960
● 1961 to 1970
● 1971 to 1980
● 1981 to 1990*
● 1991 to 2000
769. World cancer day is celebrated on: (HBS)
● 4th February*
● 24th March
● 22nd April
● 1st May
● 25th December
770. (….) Well,” and a possible source of contaminated should NOT be less than: (HBS)
● 05 meters
● 10 meters
● 15 meters*
● 20 meters
● 30 meters
771. Which of the following is not waterborne disease? (HBS)
● Hepatitis-A
● Hydatid disease*
● Weil's disease
● Schistosomiasis
● Poliomyelitis
772. Which colour coding container has risk waste? (HBS)
● Blue
● Black
● Red
● Yellow*
● Brown
773. Cyanosis in infants (methemoglobinemia) is associated with: (HBS)
● High fluoride in water
● High nitrate in water*
● Hardness of water
● High chloride in water
● High lead in water
774. Following is NOT included in incineration (HBS)
● Double chamber
● Single chamber
● Rotary kilns
● Compositing*
● None of above
775. Ripening" of filter means: (HBS)
● Formation of vital layer*
● Loss of head
● Cleaning by scraping
● Back washing
776. The headquarter of WHO is in: (HBS)
● America
● Thailand
● Switzerland*
● Malaysia
● Pakistan
777. The require temperature for sterilization against spores in hot air oven is (HBS)
● 140 160 centigrade for 1 hour
● 120-140 centigrade for 1 hour
● 160-180 centigrade for 1 hour*
778. Dettol is commonly used antiseptic agent. Its chemical name: (HBS)
● Hexachlorophene
● Chloroxylenol*
● Chlorhexidine
● Cetrimide
● Cresol
779. Following study is NOT included in analytical epidemiological studies (HBS)
● Historical cohort study
● Cohort study
● Case report study*
780. Odds ratio is derived from: (HBS)
● Cross-sectional study
● Cohort study
● Randomized control trials
● Case-control study*
● Non-randomized trials study
781. Incidence rate of a disease is determined from: (HBS)
● Cohort study*
● Study that proceeds from effect to cause
782. The 1st case come to attention of the investigator is: (HBS)
● Index case*
● Primary case
● Secondary case
● Contact case
783. Following are basic steps of cohort study: (HBS)
● Selection of study and comparison groups; matching obtaining data on exposure analysis
● Selection of study and comparison groups; matching measurement of exposure analysis
● Selection of cases and controls; matching measurement exposure analysis
● Selection of study and comparison; obtaining data; follow-up: analysis*
● Selection of study and comparison groups; matching; obtaining data on exposure;
interpretation
784. Vertical transmission of disease is seen in all EXCEPT: (HBS)
● Syphilis
● Toxoplasmosis gondi
● Rubella virus
● Measles*
● Herpes
785. All are included in GOBI-FFF, EXCEPT: (HBS)
● Basic education*
● Family planning
● immunization
● Oral rehydration therapy
786. Analytical studies are undertaken to: (HBS/RIHS)
● Determine the occurrence of discase
● Identify the pattern of distribution of discase
● Screen for new diseases
● Test the etiological hypothesis*
● Determine the geographical distribution of disease
787. In normal dose chlorination of water has no effect against: (HBS/RIHS)
● Entamoeba histolytica*
● Polio virus
● Salmonellae
● Shigella
● Vibrio cholera
788. Which of following is the principle problem in cohort study? (HBS)
● Selection bise*
● inexpensive
● Lack of follow-up
● Suitable only for rare diseases
● We cannot calculate the relative risk
789. Water that contains offensive and not necessarily the infection material is called:
(HBS/RIHS)
● Contaminated water
● Infectious water
● Polluted water*
● Potable water
● Safe water
790. Relative risk of developing a disease is indicated by: (HBS)
● Incidence of disease among exposed divided by population at risk
● incidence of disease among exposed divided by incidence of discase among non-exposed*
● Incidence of disease among exposed divided by total population of defined area
● Incidence of disease among exposed minus incidence of disease among non-exposed
● Incidence of discase in exposed plus incidence of disease in non-exposed divided by
population at risk
791. Daily requirement of water (for all purposes) per person is: (HBS/RIHS)
● 10 to 50 liters
● 50 to 100 liters
● 150 to 200 liters*
792. All are specific water borne discases except: (HBS)
● Ascariasis*
● Dental carries
● Diarrhea
● Dysentery
● Typhoid
793. The amount of disease that might be eliminated if the factor under study, could be
controlled is indicated by: (HBS)
● Odds ratio
● Cross product ratio
● Relative risk
● Attributable risk*
● Population risk
794. Equity means according to: (HBS)
● Equality
● Justice
● Needs*
● Principles
● Wishes of community
795. Following study starts with the disease: (HBS)
● Incidence study
● Cohort study
● Prospective study
● None of above
796. Host in which agent passes asexual cycle is called: (HBS)
● Definitive host
● Obligate host
● Intermediate host*
● Transport host
● None of above
797. Following study stans with people exposed to risk factor (HBS)
● Cross-sectional study
● Cohort study*
● Prevalence study
● None of above
798. Following is the advantage of Case control study (HBS)
● Expensive and quick
● Expensive and delayed
● Inexpensive and quick*
● Inexpensive and delayed
● none of above
799. One BHU is sufficient for population of (HBS)
● 2000 to 5000
● 2000 to 0000
● 5000 to 10000*
● 5000to 15000
● 10000 to 100000
800. Following is the disadvantage of Case Control study: (HBS)
● incidence rate cannot be measured*
● incidence rate can be measured
● Attributable risk can measure
● Expensive
● Involves delayed results
801. Following is NOT principle of PHC: (HBS)
● Equity
● inter-sectorial approach
● International coordination*
802. Following is one of the elements of primary health care: (HBS)
● Inter-sectorial coordination
● Prevention and control of locally endemic diseases*
● Equitable distribution
803. The denominator for infant mortality rate is: (HBS)
● Mid-year population
● No of live births in a year*
● No of births in a year
● No of neonates born in the year
● No of live + still births in the year
804. Epidemiological triad is: (HBS)
● Agent, host, environment*
● Agent, vector, host
● Agent, environment, treatment
● Vector, host, environment
● Vector, carrier, environment
805. Formal existence of WHO occurred in 1948 and World Health Day is celebrated each
year on the date of this formal existence. The date is: (HBS)
● 7th march
● 11th April
● 7th June
● 7th April*
● 1st January
806. "A state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely absence of
discase or infirmity". This statement defines (HBS)
● WHO*
● UNESCO
● UNICEF
● Red Crescent
● Red Cross
807. Which of the following is NOT Listed among mortal indicators? (HBS)
● Adult mortality rate
● Maternal MR
● Prevalence rate*
808. Following is tertiary level of prevention (HBS)
● Rehabilitation*
● Early diagnosis and treatment
809. Infant mortality rate of Pakistan (HBS)
● 50/1000 live births
● 66/1000 live births*
● 83/1000 live birth
810. Which of following is secondary level of prevention? (HBS)
● Disability limitation.
● Rehabilitation
● Early diagnosis and treatment*
● Immunization
811. X-rays can penetrate in air up to: (HBS)
● 100 meters
● 200 meters
● 300meters
● 400 meters*
● 500 meters
812. In areas with fluoride rich water, the defluorination of water is, which level of
prevention (HBS)
● Primary*
● Secondary
● Tertiary
● Primordial
● terminal
813. All are characteristics of an ideal indicator EXCEPT: (HBS)
● Reliable
● Sensitive
● Specific
● Subjective*
● Valid
814. Tip of iceberg denotes: (HBS)
● Paradic
● Clinical cases*
● Subclinical case
● Undiagnosed cases
● Silent disease
815. Bacteriological indicator of water pollution are all Except: (HBS)
● E. coli
● Faecal streptococci
● Klebsiella aerogens
● Salmonella
● Clostridium pertringens*
816. Prevention of (..) or development of risk factor is a type (HBS)
● Primordial prevention*
● Primary prevention
● Screening
817. In a research process, the objective to minimize bias and allow for a comparability is
obtainable by: (HBS)
● Manipulation
● Triple blinding
● Randomization*
● Preliminary test runs
● Pilot studies
818. Crude death rate takes into account:
● Mid-Year population in denominator*
● Average monthly population in denominator
● Total annual population in denominator
● Population at the start of the observation being made in denominator
● Population at the end of the observation made in denominator
819. The tail of an epidemic produced in cholera is due to: (HBS)
● Drug resistance against cholera organism
● Presence of causative agent in the environment
● Virulence of causative agent
● Presence of infectious agent in animal reservoir
● Continuation of transmission through contacts*
820. A study planned in a way that the participant, the investigator and the person
analyzing the data are not aware of group allocation (control or study) is called: (HBS)
● Single blinding
● Double binding
● Triple blinding*
● All of above
821. Primordial prevention in coronary heart disease includes all of the following except:
(HBS)
● Maintenance of normal body weight
● Regular exercise
● Change in lifestyle
● Screening for Hypertension*
● Regular medical checkup
822. All are attributes of case control study except: (HBS)
● Ethical problem is minimum
● It is best for rare diseases
● It requires few subjects
● It is very expensive*
● No recall bias
823. In observational type of analytical epidemiological studies if "Confounding factor" is
not controlled, may distort, or confound the results of the study. Confounding can be
controlled by: (HBS)
● Doing proper calibration of the instruments used for Measurement
● Using probe questions
● Using double blinding technique
● Using matching technique*
● Using purposive sampling technique
824. In a district X a lot of pregnant women were observed to have excess weight gain in
pregnancy. It was decided to launch a program for screening diabetes. The most suitable
strategy will be: (HBS)
● Periodic health examination of all women
● Mass screening of women
● Selective screening*
● Following natural history of disease
825. In a population of One million, 35% were found to be Christians, standard55% were
Muslims and the remaining were Hindus. A researcher wants to take a random sample of 3000
men to study their lifestyle habits. His appropriate method to select the sample would be:
(HBS)
● Stratified sampling*
● Quota sampling
● Systematic sampling
826. In a normal distribution curve the area between two deviation on either side of mean
includes approximately: (HBS)
● 99.7% of values
● 68.3% of values
● 90% of values
● 95% of values*
● 80% of values
827. The largest sector in a pie diagram should start as per rule at: (HBS)
● 6 o'clock position
● 3 o' clock position
● 12 o' clock position*
● 9 o' clock position
● Any position
828. A 65 years old man was brought to accident & Emergency department of DHQ. He was
having multiple injuries following a road traffic accident. While resuscitating the patient,
registrar asked the house officer to record the BP and temperature of the patient. BP and
temperature are examples of: (HBS)
● Nominal data
● Ordinal data
● Discrete scale data
● Continuous data*
● Categorical data
829. Increasing incidence of cancers is a big challenge for health authorities. The best
possible public health intervention to reduce the mortality and morbidity associated with
cancers is: (HBS)
● Dietary modification
● Screening for Cancer*
● Promotion of use of fruit
● Control of tobacco consumption
● Improving housing conditions
830. By joining the midpoints of histogram blocks we can obtain a: (HBS)
● Pictogram
● Bar chart
● Frequency polygon*
● Multiple bar
● Line diagram
831. A quantitative community-based study is designed to identify the high risk groups for
CHD in a town of Rawalpindi District. Investigators are interested in making statements about
the larger population. The best method of selection of group of people for such a study is:
(HBS)
● Convenience sampling
● Quota sampling
● Extreme case sampling
● Purposive sampling
● Random sampling*
832. A household survey of 10 families was conducted by students of 4th year MBBS, HBS
Medical College. In the collected data, the ages of heads of families were:
32, 34, 35, 36, 36, 42, 44, 46, 48, and 52
The mean age of heads of families is: (HBS)
● 36
● 38.5
● 40
● 40.5*
● 42
833. The prevalence of Diabetes mellitus type-Il is increasing in Pakistan. A screening
programme is introduced for early detection and prompt management of the cases. For this
purpose individuals above 40 years are targeted. The amount of previously unrecognized
disease, identified as result of screening is known as: (HBS)
● Yield of screening test*
● Mass screening
● Case finding
● Selective screening
834. After arranging the data in ascending or descending order of magnitude, the value of
middle observation is: (HBS)
● Mean
● Mode
● Median*
● Geometric mean
● Mean deviation
835. In order to avoid the element of bias in a research study, planned to estimate the
prevalence of type-ll diabetes mellitus in population, the best strategy would be to: (HBS)
● Select maximum number of obese persons
● Use probability sampling technique*
● Select persons with active life tyle
● Select persons with positive family history
● Take multiple samples from population
836. The students of HBS Medical College visited Sultana Foundation School. The number
of students per class from class I to class IX were as follows:
27, 23, 15, 18, 30, 24, 18, 12 and 16.
The mode in this series is: (HBS)
● 12
● 15
● 16
● 18*
● 23
837. The root cause of population momentum is: (HBS)
● The decreased Mortality Rate
● The adult population passing through reproductive age
● Bad control over growing population
● Multiple marriages of elder population
● The newborn girls going to pass through reproductive age*
838. The population pyramid of an underdeveloped /developing countries has: (HBS)
● Narrow base and broad apex
● Broad base and narrow apex*
● Broad base and broad apex
● Narrow base and narrow apex
● Dumbbell shape
839. STDS are a major health problem in both the gender. A very simple and cost effective
strategy is to have "Safe sex" which means: (HBS)
● Limited to one sexual partner
● Limited to spouse only
● Use of condoms*
● No sex during menstruation
● Sex during safe period of menstrual cycle
840. Pakistan belongs to which stage of demographic cycle: (HBS)
● High stationary
● Early expanding
● Late expanding*
● Low stationary
● Declining
841. According to WHO, denominator of Maternal Mortality Rate is: (HBS)
● Total number of pregnant women in same year
● Total number of deliveries in same year
● Total number of live births in same year*
● Total number of births weighing over 1000 g at births
● Total number of women in reproductive age
842. Mrs. Sarfraz has an irregular menstrual cycle which varies from 26 to 31 days. The
fertile period during which she should avoid intercourse for contraceptive purpose would be:
(HBS)
● From 8 to 21 day of cycle*
● From 7t to 22n day of cycle
● From 9t to 21 day of cycle
● From 8 to 22 day of cycle
● From 9th to 22n day of cycle
843. Colostrum contains a high amount of: (HBS)
● Vit A*
● Vit B
● Vit C
● Vit D
● Vit E
844. Contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) is expressed as: (HBS)
● Per 100 of women of reproductive age*
● Per thousand of married female population
● Per ten thousand of married female population
● Per 100 thousand of married female population
● Per 1000 of women of reproductive age her reproductive life
845. Fertility can be defined as: (HBS)
● The total number of live births a woman has*
● Physiological capability of women to reproduce
● Ability of human beings to reproduce
● Number of female babies born to a female during whole of her reproductive life
● Number of male babies born to a female during whole of her reproductive life
846. Sugar cane dust inhalation causes: (HBS)
● Asbestosis
● Anthracosis
● Byssinosisa
● Bagassosis*
● Farmer's lung
847. Over dilution of breast milk is called: (HBS)
● Wet nursing
● Liquefaction
● Stretching of milk*
● Adulteration
● Substitution
848. X-ray chest of a patient, showing SnowStorm appearance, indicates: (HBS)
● Anthracosis
● Silicosis*
● Aesbestosis
● Bagassosis
● Byssinosise
849. The oldest method of voluntary fertility control is: (HBS)
● Safe period
● Basal body temperature method
● Cervical mucus method
● Coitus interruptus*
● Symptothermic method
850. The respirable dust particles causing pneumoconiosis are of size of
● >10 microns
● < 5 microns*
● 20-30 microns
● 30-50 microns
● 50 microns
851. Jamila is a 36years old housewife. She has 3 children. She has been counseled about
various methods of family planning and wants to get an IUCD inserted. The doctor will
consider her fit for IUCD placement if: (HBS)
● She has recently missed her periods
● No history of pelvic inflammatory disease*
● History of previous ectopic pregnancy
● Undiagnosed vaginal bleeding
● No medical facility near her house
852. As a Public Health Officer, Dr Hasham visited a factory to assess the health status of
workers. He found blue line on gums of few workers. His report indicated it as: (HBS)
● Dental caries
● Dental fluorosis
● Lead poisoning*
● Arsenic poisoning
● Periodontal abscess
853. After the recent epidemic of dengue fever claiming hundreds of lives in Punjab,
government is now implementing an "integrated approach" towards mosquito control
focusing on: (HBS)
● Anti-larval measures in gardens and restaurants
● Residual sprays and space sprays in markets
● Anti-larval & anti-adult measures with mosquito nets
● Chemical control against larvae and adult mosquitoes
● Use of mosquito nets and repellants in homes*
854. In an automobile manufacturing plant of Pakistan, a large number of empioyees are
working in different sections. Persons who work in the section of welding the parts together
have started reporting sick with redness of eyes. On examination conjunctivitis and keratitis
are found. What could be the cause of this problem? (HBS)
● Poor Personal Hygiene
● Heat
● Overwork
● Ultraviolet radiations*
● lonizing radiations
855. Professor of public health was delivering lecture on Arthropod Borne Diseases and
their control. On query of a student, he said that the best approach for the control of
arthropod borne diseases is: (HBS)
● Chemical control
● Genetic control
● Insect growth regulation
● Source reduction*
856. Your opinion is sought as a Public Health Specialist by the employers of a glass factory
in which some workers have developed Silicosis. The most important control measure that
you recommend is (HBS)
● Pre-placement examination
● Adequate personal hygiene
● Substitution
● Periodic X-ray chest
857. A mother noticed that her 3-year-old boy recently admitted in play group class at
Lahore grammar school was scratching his scalp for, the last one week. While combing his hair
she noticed small white avoid nits. The most effective treatment for this condition is use of
topical solution containing: (HBS)
● 0.5% Malathion*
● DDT
● HCH
● Mineral oil
● Paris green
858. A medical officer working at BHU in the periphery of Baluchistan noticed that most of
the people presented with painful cutaneous ulcers on the exposed parts of the body. Almost
all of them gave history that it started as a granular nodule after some insect bit. The medical
officer realized that they had been bitten by: (HBS)
● Aedes Aegypt
● Phelbotomus*
● Xenopsylla cheopsis
● Ornithotorous moubata
● Giossinae palpalis
859. Hameeda, 32 years of age gave birth to her 7" child in BBH with a complicated
pregnancy. During her post natal visit, Doctor on duty discussed the importance of
contraception for her and informed about various choices of contraception. Finally she
convinced her to have tubal ligation. The strategy used is labeled as(HBS)
● Information
● Specialist advice
● Persuasion
● Counseling*
● Propaganda
860. A man reports with fever and rigors; chilis and lethargy: His blood CP is positive for
crescent like structures related to a parasite involved in the above disease. Which arthropod
comes to your mind as a transmitter of this disease? (HBS)
● Mosquito*
● Louse
● Tick
● Mite
● Flea
861. EDO Gujranwala arranged a health education session in a Primary school to control
the spread of "Gastroenteritis". The best way of conveying message to them is: (HBS)
● Delivering a lecture*
● Group discussion
● Distributing handouts
● Arranging debate
● Role playing
862. Communication is the basic tool to educate the Community. This human interaction
has: (HBS)
● 2 components
● 3 components
● 4 components*
● 5 components
● 6 components
863. Concerning the definitive and intermediate host of disease agents(HBS)
● Man is the definitive host in malaria
● Mosquito is the definite host in filariasis
● Man is the intermediate host in filariasis
● Mosquito is the intermediate host in malaria
● Mosquito is the definite host in malaria*
864. The number of tetanus toxoid doses for a woman of childbearing age is. (HBS)
● 1
● 2
● 3
● 4
● 5*
865. Which one of following diseases does not spread by infected droplets? (HBS)
● Poliomyelitis*
● Chickenpox
● Measles
● Mumps
● Rubella
866. In which of the following disasters, injuries usually exceeds death (HBS)
● Earthquakes
● Floods
● Explosion
● Landslides
● Avalanches
867. Sampling is the process of selecting apart from the whole should be representative of
the whole population. If you select every 3rd house in a village like 2,6,9 etc. Which type of
sampling technique it is? (YMDC)
● simple random sampling
● systematic sampling*
● stratified sampling
● convenience sampling
● cluster sampling
868. Health for All was a programming goal the WHO which envisions securing the health
and wellbeing of people around the world. What is the utmost important single reason for the
failure of health for all in Pakistan? (YMDC)
● Widespread adequacy of health promotion activities
● Weak health information systems and no baseline data
● Poor food salary, and lack of safe water supply and sanitation
● Rapid demographic and epidemiological changes
● Lack of political commitment and resources*
869. Head quarter of World Health Organization is present in one of following country:
(RIHS)
● Africa
● America
● Egypt
● France
● Switzerland*
870. A 35 years old farmer living in a village suffering from chills, high grade fever and
vomiting, which of the following level of health care he should approach: (RIHS)
● Basic Health Unit*
● Rural Health Centre
● Tehsil Headquarter hospital
● District Headquarter hospital
● Tertiary care hospital
871. Physical Quality of Life Index (POLI) is: (RIHS)
● IMR. per capita calorie intake and life expectancy
● MR. literacy and life expectancy at 1 year*
● IMR, MMR and life expectancy at birth
● IMR, CDR and life expectancy at birth
● MMR. literacy and life expectancy at 1 year
872. GOBI-FFF is also known as: (RIHS)
● Basic primary health care approach
● Selective primary health care approach*
● Essential primary health care approach
● Partial primary health care approach
● Exclusive primary health care approach
873. Healthy weight range for BMI is: (RIHS)
● 18.5- 24.9*
● 25-29.9
● 30-34-9
● 35 to 39-9
● 40-45
874. In nutrition studies following is considered as reference protein: (RIHS)
● Meat protein
● fish protein
● Milk protein
● Egg protein*
● Pulses
875. The time interval between diagnosis by early detection and diagnosis by other means
is: (RIHS)
● Serial interval
● Lead time*
● Time lag
● Latent period
876. BMI is computed using the following Formula: (RIHS)
● Height (m2)/ weight (kg)
● Weight (kg)/ height (m)
● Weight (kg)/ Height (m²)*
● Height (m)/ weight (kg)
● Height (m)/weight in lbs
877. A patient presented in OPD with angular stomatitis, cheilosis and glossitis. Most likely
deficiency is of following vitamin. (RIHS)
● Pyridoxine
● Riboflavin*
● Niacin
● Folate
● Thiamine
878. Significant dietary sources of heme iron are: (RIHS)
● Poultry and fish*
● Cereals, legumes,
● Green leafy vegetables,
● Nuts, oilseeds
● Dried fruits
879. Assessment of Height, weight, arm circumference and skinfold thickness are valuable
components of following nutritional indicator. (RIHS)
● Clinical Examination
● Anthropometry*
● Biochemical Evaluation
● Functional Assessment
● Assessment of Dietary Intake
880. The earliest clinical feature of vitamin A deficiency is: (RIHS)
● Conjuctivalxerosis
● Corneal ulcers
● Permanent blindness
● Night blindness*
● Corneal xerosis
881. Deficiency of following vitamin causes hemorrhagic manifestations: (RIHS)
● Vitamin A
● Vitamin D
● Vitamin K*
● Vitamin E
● Vitamin B
882. Classical triad of dermatitis, diarrhea & dementia is specific manifestation of. (RIHS)
● Pellagra*
● BeriBeri
● Rickets
● Scurvy
● Goiter
883. In a common Pakistani meal total energy intake proportion of fats is: (RIHS)
● Less than 10 per cent
● 10 to 30 per cent*
● 30 to 45 percent
● 46 to 60 per cent
● 60 to 70 percent
884. Which of the following is a non essential amino acid? (RIHS)
● tryptophan
● Phenylalanine
● Arginine*
● Lysine
● Threonine
885. Carbohydrate is the major source of. (RIHS)
● 1 kcal/gm
● 2 kcal/gm
● 3 kcal/gm
● 4 kcal/gm*
● 5 kcal/gm
886. Break point chlorination means: (RIHS)
● Appearance of free residual chlorine*
● End of chlorination process
● Partial saturation of water with chlorine
● Start of chlorination process
● Mixing of chlorine with alum
887. The size of particles in rapid sand filter is: (RIHS)
● 0.2 to 2.0 mm
● 0.6 to 2.0 mm*
● 2.0 to 3.0 mm
● 3.2 to 4.0 mm
● 4.0 to 4.5 mm
888. The most effective form of chlorine is. (RIHS)
● Chloramines
● Chlorine gas
● Hypochlorite ion
● Hypochlorous acid*
● Perchloron
889. Most effective and cheapest method to disinfect well is: (RIHS)
● Bleaching powder*
● Chlorine gas solution
● iodine
● Potassium permanganate
890. The form of Chlorine applied for disinfection of large bodies of water is. (RIHS)
● Chloramine
● Chlorine gas*
● Perchloron
891. During epidemic of the gastroenteritis the water is commonly polluted with: (RIHS)
● E.coli
● Rota Virus
● Salmonella
● Shigella
● Vibreo cholera*
892. Permanent hardness is removed by addition of: (RIHS)
● Caustic soda
● Chloramines
● Lime
● Sodium Carbonate*
● Sodium Bicarbonate
893. Methaemoglobinemia occurs due to The ingestion of: (RIHS)
● Nitrates*
● Nitric oxide
● Nitrites
● Nitrogen dioxide
● Nitrous oxide
894. Minimum water requirement per person should be: (RIHS)
● 1 Itrs
● 1.5 Itrs
● 2 Itrs*
● 2.5 Itrs
● 3 ltrs
895. In case of cholera the antibiotic recommended by WHO for the pregnant women is:
(RIHS)
● Chloramphenicol
● Doxycycline
● Erythromycin
● Furazolodine*
● TMP-SMX
896. In case of cholera epidemic the antibiotic recommended by WHO for the adults is:
(RIHS)
● Chloramphenicol
● Doxycycline
● Erythromycin
● Furazolodine
● TMP-SMX
897. Incidence of diarrhea among the children is highest in age group of: (RIHS)
● 0-5 months
● 6-11 months*
● 12-18 months
● 19-25 months
● 27- 32 months
898. Vaccination in case of cholera gives immunity for: (RIHS)
● 6 months*
● 12 months
● 18 months
● 24 months
● 36 months
899. Composition of ORS Citrate includes Trisodium citrate dehydrate in concentration of:
(RIHS)
● 0.9 gm
● 1.9 gm
● 2.9 gm
● 3.9 gm
● 4.9 gm
900. Screening for typhoid is done through: (RIHS)
● Blood culture*
● Mass miniature radiography
● Sputum examination
● Tuberculin test
● Urine R/E
901. Infective period of whooping cough After on the onset of paroxysmal stage in weeks
is: (RIHS)
● 3*
● 4
● 6
● 7
902. Shell fish cultivated in sewage Polluted water is associated with the epidemic
outbreaks of: (RIHS)
● Hepatitis A*
● Hepatitis B
● Hepatitis C
● Hepatitis D
● Hepatitis E
903. The amount of chlorine needed to disinfect the water in case of Hepatitis A is: (RIHS)
● 1 mg/L*
● 2 mg/L
● 3 mg/L
● 4 nig/L
● 5 Tmg/L.
904. Incubation period of cholera is: (RIHS)
● 1 day
● 2 day
● 3 day
● 4 day
● 5 day*
905. Isolation in case of mumps should be done for school children for: (RIHS)
● 03 days
● 5 days
● 7 days*
● 10 days
● 14 days
906. Susceptible contacts over the age of 9-12 months may be protected gainst measles if
given immunoglobulin within following days. (RIHS)
● 3*
● 6
● 9
● 12
● 15
907. Rash of chicken pox: (RIHS)
● Papular
● Vesicular
● Macular
● Maculopapular*
● Pleomorphic
908. Koplick's spot is the characteristic of. (RIHS)
● Chicken Pox
● Pertussis
● Whooping cough
● Rubella
● Measles*
909. The most common complication in Mumps is: (RIHS)
● Parotiditis*
● Prostatitis
● Hepatitis
● Meningitis
● Testicular epididymitis
910. After the earthquake of 2005, several health related NGOS rushed to combat the
immediate post disaster phase. What would be the first step they should take? (RIHS)
● Provision of safe drinking water and food
● Provision of communication measures
● Vaccination against diseases
● Providing immediate care to causalities*
● Disposal of solid waste
911. Globally the infective agent of leading cause of acute dehydrating diarrhea among
children under five years is: (RIHS)
● Vibrio Cholera
● Rota Virus*
● Salmonella Typhi
● Shigella
● E. coli
912. A mother presented a 10 years old child in outpatient department with complains of
pain and swelling in front of ears, with fever and abdominal pain. What would be the most
likely diagnosis? (RIHS)
● Otitis media
● Pancreatitis
● Pharyngitis
● Mumps*
● Lymphadenitis
913. Commonest mode of transmission of Tuberculosis is: (RIHS)
● Direct
● Fecal*
● Oral
● Parenteral
● Vehicle
914. In developing countries with poor sanitary conditions, 90% of children before the age
of 10 are affected with. (RIHS)
● Hepatitis A*
● Hepatitis B
● Hepatitis C
● Hepatitis D
● Hepatitis E
915. Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease that is transmitted by: (RIHS)
● House fly
● Sandfly*
● Mosquito
● Tsetse fly
● Black fly
916. The commonest mode of transmission of occupational Brucellosis is: (RIHS)
● Body fluids
● Contact infection*
● Droplet
● Oral
● Vector born
917. You are working in a BHU where there is an outbreak of diarrhea and you want to
educate how ORS is made at home. What would be the best method you should adopt? (RIHS)
● Video documentary
● Audio tape
● Posters
● Lecture
● Demonstration*
918. Immunity conferred by Measles vaccine last for: (RIHS)
● 5 years
● 10 years
● 15 years
● 20 Years
● Lifelong*
919. The duration of pregnancy when congenital malformations are more common if
Rubella occurs is: (RIHS)
● 1st and 2nd month*
● 2nd and 3rd month
● 3rd and 4th month
● 5th and 6th month
● 8th and 9th month
920. Raising duty tax by Government and administrative agencies on sale of cigarettes is
well known as: (RIHS)
● Health education approach
● Primary health care approach
● Regulatory approach*
● Service approach
● Social approach
921. The process of instilling knowledge in minds of people with no change in attitude and
behavior is called: (RIHS)
● Counseling
● Education
● Motivation
● Publicity*
● Persuasion
922. The most effective method of health communication with widest reach to Larger
population is: (RIHS)
● Demonstration
● Home visits
● Mass media*
● Personal
● Role play
923. In health communication, Home Visit is an example of: (RIHS)
● Group approach
● Health approach
● Individual approach*
● Mass approach
● Visual approach
924. Health for all by 2000 AD means a level of health which enables a person to: (RIHS)
● Lead life devoid of disease in future
● Lead socially and economically productive life*
● Lead healthy life and no death and suffering
● Lead economically productive life
● Lead physically health life
925. In the mid nineteen century, an epidemiologist suggested that cholera was caused by
an invisible agent in water. This type of association gives: (RIHS)
● Biological plausibility*
● Consistency
● Gradient
● Specificity
● Temporal sequence
926. Malaria cases were reported throughout the world during the year 1971-
1978excluding African region. These cases can be best presented by: (RIHS)
● Frequency polygon
● Histogram*
● Line diagram
● Pictogram
● Scatter diagram
927. According to WHO multidrug resistant tuberculosis strain is least resistant to which of
the following drugs: (RIHS)
● Rifampicin & isoniazid*
● Rifampicin & ethambutol
● Isoniazid & thiocetazone
● d) Rifampicin & streptomycin
● e) Isoniazid & pyrazinamide
928. Any person, animal or arthropod which harbors the infectious agent without
discernable signs & symptoms, but which can transmit disease to others is called a carrier. Gall
bladder disease is associated with chronic carrier ship of which infectious disease? (RIHS)
OR
929. Gall bladder disease is associated with chronic carrier state of: (RIHS)
● Typhoid fever*
● Malaria
● Hepatitis B
● Amebic dysentery
● Cholera
930. The upper limit of serum cholesterol beyond which there is definite increased risk of
IHD is: (RIHS)
● 150 mg/dl
● 175 mg/dl
● 200 ma/dl*
● 225 mg/dl
● 250 mg/dl
931. The non-modifiable risk factor for Rheumatoid Arthritis is: (RIHS)
● Gender*
● Weight
● Cholesterol
● Marital Age
● Sedentary Habits
932. Workers dealing with stone cutting and rock drilling are liable to one of the following
lung diseases: (RIHS)
● Anthracosis
● Silicosis*
● Bagassosis
● Asbestosis
● Byssinosis
933. Workers in the laundry industry are in danger due to: (RIHS)
● Aldehydes
● Benzene compounds*
● Mercurial fumes
● Lead fumes
● Benzidine
934. Medical Officer working in radio-oncology department, should be aware of the
hazards of. (RIHS)
● Alpha rays*
● Beta rays
● Gamma rays
● Delta rays
● Proton rays
935. In development of pneumoconiosis the major risk factor involved is: (RIHS)
● Size of the dust*
● Density of the dust
● Shape of the aerosol
● Tidal volume
● Threshold limit values
936. Triage is a term used in disaster management; it refers to: (RIHS)
● Treating the mental trauma faced by the victims of disaster
● Treating the victims on first come first serve basis
● Treating the most serious victims first
● Treating the victims with mild injuries first
● Treating the victims with better prognosis on priority*
937. The recommendation regarding safe disposal of liquid waste of hospital. like blood
and sera is: (RIHS)
● Incineration
● Chemical disinfection*
● Deep burial
● Inertization
● Disposal in sewage system
938. Usually census is carried out after every: (RIHS)
● 4 Years
● 6 Years
● 8 years
● 10 Years*
● 12 years
939. A newly married couple visited the family planning clinic for contraceptive opinion.
Upon investigation she is hyperlipidemic. The method of contraception which should be used
cautiously in this woman would be: (RIHS)
● Condoms
● Combined oral contraceptive pills*
● Mini pill
● Norplant
● 2nd generation IUCD
940. Newborn infants tend to be deficient in a vitamin, due to minimal stores of
prothrombin at birth and lack of established intestinal flora. Which one of the following
vitamins is given prophylactically to raise prothrombin levels? (RIHS)
● Vitamin A
● Vitamin B
● Vitamin K*
● Vitamin E
● Vitamin D
941. Weaning is the slow & gradual introduction of semisolid food to the infant's diet along
with breast milk. It is started at what age of life. (RIHS)
● 3 months
● 4 months
● 6 months*
● 9 months
● 12 months
942. The fluoride levels protective for dental carries are. (RIHS)
● 0.01mg
● 0.05 mg
● 1.0 mg*
● 1.5 mg
● 2 mg
943. Poor man's meat is name given to. (RIHS)
● Beef
● Mutton
● Chicken
● Pulse*
● Beans
944. 1 gram of carbohydrate provides energy of. (RIHS)
● 2K calories
● 4K calories*
● 6 K calories
● 8 K calories
● 10 K calories
945. At 10th week in addition to DPT, the infant is vaccinated with: (RIHS)
● Measles
● BCG
● Hib*
● Hepatitis A
● Tetanus Toxoid
946. Best measures to assess the state of protein nutrition is: (RIHS)
● Serum albumin concentration*
● Serum transferrin
● Creatinine height index
● Net protein utilization
● Digestibility coefficient
947. According to WHO classification of obesity, the BMI 25 - 29.99 falls into which
category: (RIHS)
● Normal weight
● PreObese*
● Obese class I
● Obese class II
● Obese class III
948. Epidemic disease means that the cases are: (RIHS)
● Seasonal
● Constant
● Absent
● Secular
● Excessive*
949. The time interval between receipt of infection by a host and maximal infectivity of
that host is: (RIHS)
● Incubation period.
● Period of communicability*
● Generation timed
● Latent period
● Serial interval
950. Recommended dose of human rabies immunoglobulin is: (RIHS)
● 6 IU/Kg
● 15 IU/Kg
● 20 IU/Kg*
● 30 IU/Kg
● 40 IU/Kg
951. In Normal distribution curve area covering most of the values between ±1 standard
deviation either side of mean is: (RIHS)
● 30.2%
● 55.3%
● 68.3%*
● 95.4%
● 99.7%
952. Which of the following in the case control studies ascertains whether there is
statistical association between exposure status and occurrence of disease? (RIHS)
● Attributable risk
● Odds ratio
● Prevalence
● Relative risk*
● Correlation
953. Odds ratio is the measure of strength of association in number of times between risk
factor and disease. Odds ratio of 0 indicates that association between the factors: (RIHS)
● Is low
● Is high
● is medium
● Is perfect
● Does not exist*
954. Correlation is the measure of strength of association in number of times between risk
factor and disease. Correlation of 0 indicates that association between the factors: (RIHS)
● Low existence
● High existence
● Medium existence*
● Average existence
● no existence
955. Which of the following intervention is appropriate to determine efficacy of modified
influenza vaccine for that particular year? (RIHS)
● A randomized field trial*
● A retrospective cohort study
● Review of data from previous years
● Routine surveillance
● Prospective cohort study
956. Standard deviation can be obtained by under root (√):(RIHS)
● Coefficient of variance
● Sum of difference of values and mean
● Mean deviation
● Variance*
● Inter quartile range
957. Values are arranged in ascending and descending in order to calculate: (RIHS)
● Mean
● Median
● Standard Deviation
● Variance*
● Mode
958. International certificate of the following vaccine is required to travel from Pakistan to
Saudi a Arabia? (RIHS)
● Cholera
● Typhoid
● Tetanus
● Diphtheria
● Meningitis*
959. A child presents with paroxysmal cough, subconjunctival hemorrhage and
restlessness. He is most likely to be suffering from: (RIHS)
● Measles
● Mumps
● Rubella
● Whooping cough*
● Chicken pox
960. Which of the following vaccines if given during epidemics gives individual protection
as well as helps in controlling epidemics? (RIHS)
● Oral polio vaccine*
● Hib
● DPT
● BCG
● Cholera
961. The diagnostic or confirmatory test for the detection of hidden cases of Diabetes
Mellitus from the society is: (RIHS)
● Blood Sugar Random
● Blood Sugar Fasting
● Urinary Glucose Levels
● Hb A1c
● Glucose Tolerance Test*
962. Which of the following viruses has been implicated in the causation of Rheumatic
Fever: (RIHS)
● E. Coli
● Staphylococcus
● Clostridium Tetani
● Streptococcus*
● Clostridium dificile
963. Mortality experiences are taken into consideration when defining: (RIHS)
● Gross reproduction rate
● Net reproduction rate*
● Age specific fertility rate
964. Pakistan is currently in the 3 stage of demographic transition, which is known as:
(RIHS)
● High stationary
● Low stationary
● Early expanding
● Late expanding*
● Declining
965. A child of three years comes with complaints of night blindness. On examination
conjunctiva is dry and corneal haziness is also seen. There is no history of any other disease or
injury. The likely agent type is: (RIHS)
● Physical
● Chemical
● Nutrition*
● Hormonal
● Immunological
966. A pregnant lady asks you that how much additional energy she will be requiring during
lactation. Your answer should be: (RIHS)
OR
967. Additional requirement for lactating mother during 0-6 months is: (RIHS)
● 550 K cal/day*
● 650 K cal/day
● 750 K cal/day
● 850 K cal/day
● 450 K cal/day
968. A lady forgot to take oral contraceptive pill yesterday. She should. (RIHS)
● Stop taking pills till coming menses
● Immediately consult doctor for IUCD
● Take one pill of that day
● Take two pills today*
● Take three pills today
969. If the thread of intrauterine contraceptive device is not visible in the vagina associated
with lower abdominal pain with bleeding it means: (RIHS)
● IUCD has been expelled
● Thread is retracted onside the uterus
● Woman is pregnant and thread is drawn inside
● IUCD has perforated the uterus*
● Thread is too short
970. Rh isoimmunization causing hemolytic disease occurs if baby is Rh positive and mother
is Rh negative. In order to prevent Rh sensitization anti D immunoglobulins given to the
mother within. (RIHS)
● At 14 weeks of gestation
● Within 04 hours of delivery
● Within 72 hours of delivery*
971. A 5-year-old boy who developed maculopapular rash was diagnosed as having
measles. For how long he should not be sent to school? (RIHS)
● One week*
● Two weeks
● Three weeks
● Four weeks
● Five weeks
972. Major component of air is: (RIHS)
● Охуgen
● Nitrogen*
● Carbon dioxide
● SO2
● HSQ
973. Perflation is: (RIHS)
● Blowing of wind through room*
● Replacement of vitiated air by a supply of fresh outdoor air
● When the doors and windows facing each other are kept open, the wind passes through and
through
● Auditory fatigue
● High blood pressure
974. Absolute humidity is weight of water Vapors in: (RIHS)
● Gram per cubic meter of air*
● Grams per cubic centimeter of air
● Ibs per cubic foot of air
● lbs per cubic inch of air
● Milligrams per cubic centimeter of air
975. Minimum contact period for bleaching powder should be: (RIHS)
● 15 Minutes
● 25 Minutes
● 45 Minutes
● 60 Minutes*
● 100 Minutes
976. Ozone layer is damaged by: (RIHS)
● Ultraviolet Rays
● Chlorofloorocarbons*
● Methane
● Carbon dioxide
● Sulphur dioxide
977. If water test shows the presence of nitrites it means: (RIHS)
● Faecal pollution of remote origin
● Chemical contamination from factory
● Pesticide contamination
● Contamination of urea from agriculture activities
● Faecal pollution of recent origin*
978. Both Temporary and permanent harness can be removed by: (RIHS/IMDC)
● Boiling
● Addition of lime
● Pernutit process*
● Addition of sodium carbonate
● Addition of chlorine
979. Acid rain is mainly due to: (RIHS)
● Nitric acid
● Sulphuric acid*
● Sodium hydrochloride
● Acetic acid
● Carbonic acid
980. For disinfection of large bodies of water, chlorine is applied in the form. (RIHS)
● Chlorine gas*
● Chloramine
● Perchloron
● Chlorine tablet
981. pH of acid rain is normally bellow: (RIHS)
● 7
● 6
● 5*
● 4
● 3
982. Wastewater from kitchens and bathrooms, which does not contain human excreta, is
called: (RIHS)
● Sullage
● Scum
● Sewage*
● Sludge
● Sewer
983. The vital layer in a lows and filter acts by: (RIHS)
● Holding back bacteria*
● Control the growth of algae
● Help in in coagulation
● Kills pathogen bacteria
● Mask taste and odour
984. The method which softens the water to zero hardness is: (RIHS)
● Boiling
● Base exchange process*
985. The disinfecting action of chlorine is mainly due to: (RIHS)
● Chloride atom
● Chloride ion
● Hypochlorous acid*
● Chlorate ion
986. Soiling index in an indicator of: (RIHS)
● Water pollution
● Air pollution*
● Sand pollution
● Excreta pollution
● Noise pollution
987. Byssinosis is an occupational health hazard resulting due to: (RIHS)
● Cotton*
● Sugar cane
● Coal
● Mercury
● Lead
988. In areas suspected to be endemic for hepatitis A, free residual chlorine in drinking
water is: (RIHS)
● 0.1 mg/l after contact period of 30 minutes
● 0.2 mg/l after contact period of 60 minutes
● 0.5 mg/l after contact period of 60 minutes*
● 1mg/l after contact period of 60 minutes
● 1.5mg/l after contact period of 60 minutes
989. Bronchogenic carcinoma & mesothelioma are strongly correlated with: (RIHS)
● Silicosis
● Ashestosis*
● Anthacosis
● Bagassosis
● Byssinosis
990. Worker dealing with stone cutting and rock drilling are liable to one of the following
ling diseases: (RIHS)
● Anthracosis
● Silicosis*
● Bagassosis
● Asbestosis
● Byssinosis
991. The maximum permissible radiation exposure in rads/yr for human is: (RIHS)
● 5*
● 10
● 15
● 20
● 25
992. Acute pulmonary oedema and acute conjunctivitis can result in an industry due to the
Exposure of workers to: (RIHS)
● Chlorine
● Ammonia
● Mercury vapors*
● Zinc chloride
● Sulphur dioxide
993. Effective size of dust particles to produce pneumoconiosis is: (RIHS)
● 1-3 microns*
● 5-7microns
● 9-11 microns
● 13-15 microns
● 17-19 microns
994. Ergonomics is concerned with: (RIHS)
● Fitting the job to the worker*
● Improving job environment
● Fitting the worker to the job
● Improving Human Conditions
● Improving the nutritional status of the worker
995. Which one of the following pneumoconiosis occurs in coal mines: (RIHS)
● Anthracosis*
● Silicosis
● Bagassosis
● Asbestosis
● Byssinosis
996. Which one of the following pneumoconiosis occurs in sugarcane industry: (RIHS)
● Anthracosis
● Silicosis
● Bagassosis*
● Asbestosis
● Byssinosis
997. Tuberculosis occurs commonly in which of the following pneumoconiosis: (RIHS)
● Anthracosis
● Silicosis*
● Asbestosis
● Byssinosis
● Bagassosis
998. Bartonian's Lines are present in: (RIHS)
● Mercury Poisoning
● Nickel Poisoning
● Lead Posisoing*
● Chromium Poisoning
● Cadmium Poisoning
999. Topical disasters include. (RIHS)
● Cyclone
● Нeat wave
● Hurricane
● Land slide*
● Earthquake
1000. Teleky's Sign is typically the feature of: (RIHS)
● Mercury Poisoning
● Nickel Poisoning
● Lead Poisoning*
● Chromium Poisoning
● Cadmium Poisoning
1001. Wools sorter disease is another name of: (RIHS)
● Bysinossis
● Bagassosis*
● Brucellosis
● Anthrcosis
● Asbestosis
1002. In the present era, the most common application of genetics in medicine includes:
(RIHS)
● Human genome project
● Genetic counseling*
● Euthenics
● Technique of synthesis of DNA
● Gene therapy
1003. The most appropriate screening test for prenatal diagnosis of neural tube defect is:
(RIHS)
● Sonography
● Xray films of abdomen
● Fetal anomaly scan
● Maternal serum Alpha fetoproteins and gonadotropins*
● Hormonal Assay
1004. In the Internationally accepted four colour code system of triage, the color for high
priority treatment or transfer is: (RIHS)
● Red*
● Green
● Yellow
● Blue
● Black
1005. If both the parents are carrier of autosomal recessive trait, chances of diseases to pass
on to off springs are: (RIHS)
● 10%
● 15%
● 20%
● 25%*
● 30%
1006. Colour coding is used for waste collection in the hospitals. For risk waste, colour of the
waste bin is. (RIHS)
● Black*
● Blue
● Red
● Yellow
● White
1007. Usually what is the minimum time required to have irreversible brain damage after
immersion of a person in water? (RIHS)
● 2-4 minutes
● 4-6 minutes*
● 6-8mnutes
● 8-10 minutes
● 10-12 minutes
1008. Colour coding is used for waste collection in the hospitals. For non-risk waste, colour
of the waste bin is: (RIHS)
● Black
● Blue*
● Red
● Yellow
● White
1009. Management sequence of a sudden onset disaster is: (RIHS)
● Disaster impact, reconstruction, response, rehabilitation, mitigation, and Preparedness
● Disaster impact, response, mitigation, rehabilitation, reconstruction, and. preparedness
● Disaster impact, response, rehabilitation, reconstruction, mitigation, and preparedness*
● Mitigation, preparedness, disaster impact, response, rehabilitation, and reconstruction
● Preparedness, disaster impact, response, rehabilitation, reconstruction and mitigation
1010. Amount of hospital waste produced per bed per day in Pakistan is: (RIHS)
● 0.5 to 1 kg
● 1 to 1.5 kg
● 1.5 to 2 kg*
● 2 to 2.5 kg
● 2.5 1o 3 kg
1011. Rate of filtration, in m.g.a.d, through. sand bed, in rapid sand filter is: (RIHS)
● 100
● 150
● 200*
● 250
● 300
1012. The amount of risk produced per bed per day in Pakistan is: (RIHS)
● 0.1 to 0.5 kg
● 0.2 to 0.5 kg
● 0.3 to 0.5 kg*
● 0.4 to 0.5kg
● 0.5 to 0.7kg
1013. The flocculation chamber in rapid sand filters is filled with precipitates of: (RIHS)
● Aluminum hydroxide*
● Calcium Carbonate
● Magnesium Sulphate
● Potassium Hydroxide
● Sodium Chloride
1014. The temperature of primary chamber and secondary chamber must be: (RIHS)
● 400° C and 800° C respectively
● 800° C and 1200° C respectively*
● 1200° C and 1600°C respectively
1015. Green belts in a defined area is an example of: (RIHS)
● Containment
● Dilution*
● Disinfection
● Distribution
● Replacement
1016. The major contributor in atmospheric pollution is: (RIHS)
● Automobile emissions*
● Fossil fuel
● Industrial fumes
● Radiation
● Coal Combustion
1017. The modifiable risk factor for coronary heart disease is: (RIHS)
● Gender
● Weight*
● Type A Personality
● Age
● Family History
1018. The diagnostic test for Diabetes Mellitus is: (RIHS)
● Blood Sugar Random
● Hb A1c
● Glucose Tolerance Test*
1019. The screening test for Diabetes Mellitus in a community is: (RIHS)
● Blood Sugar Random*
● Hb A1c
● Glucose Tolerance Test
1020. According to WHO classification of obesity the BMI 45 falls into which category: (RIHS)
● Normal weight
● Pre-Obese
● Obese class I
● Obese class II
● Obese class III*
1021. Framingham Study has played a major role in establishing the nature of risk factors
their relative importance for. (RIHS)
● Coronary heart disease*
● Hypertension
● Rheumatic Heart Disease
● Cancer
● Diabetes Mellitus
1022. Which of the following viruses has been implicated in the causation of Rheumatic
Fever. (RIHS)
● Herpes Virus
● Measles Virus
● Mumps Virus
● Coxsackie B-4 Virus*
● Adeno Virus
1023. Denominator in the formula for the calculation of BMI is: (RIHS)
● Height in Meter
● Height in Centimeter
● Square of the height in Centimeter
● Square of the height in Meter*
● Square of the height in Inches
1024. A male of 40 years of age is having BMI 29 He is. (RIHS)
● Moderately obese
● Severely obese
● Overweight*
● Normal
● Pre obese
1025. Which one of the following is not a risk factor for coronary heart disease? (RIHS)
● Oral contraceptive
● Alcohol abuse
● High fibre diet*
● Type A personality
● Diabetes
1026. To control the rising incidence of non-communicable diseases, legislation based on
tobacco control will be adopted to prevent onset of the risk behavior. This prevention will be:
(RIHS)
● Primordial*
● Health Promotion
● Specific Protection
● Disability limitation
● Secondary Prevention
1027. Hypothesis refers to. (RIHS)
● Interpreting Results
● Measuring Conclusion
● Measuring Outcome
● Relating Variables*
● Removal of Bias
1028. Hypothesis refers to. (RIHS)
● The outcome of an experiment
● A conclusion drawn from an experiment*
● A form of bias in which the subject tries to outguess the experimenter
● A tentative statement about the relationship between teo variable
● The detail plan of the experiment
1029. The analytical study is. (RIHS)
● Case report
● Cohort study*
● Quasi trials
1030. In a primary health care system first referral of a patient from a Basic Health Unit is
expected to be sent to the Rural Health Centre. For this purpose, each Rural Health Center is
attached to the following numbers of BHUS: (RIHS)
● 1-5
● 5-10*
● 10-15
● 15-20
● 20-25
1031. A village with 2000 population was surveyed for 1 year and 10 were found to be
diseased. Assuming that the disease lasts for 2 years. Prevalence is: (RIHS)
● 20/1000
● 30/1000
● 10/1000*
● 5/1000
● 15/1000
1032. The systematic difference between study subject and those who are excluded is
called. (RIHS)
● Selection Bias*
● Attrition Bias
● Neyman Bias
● Berkesonian Bias
● Migration Bias
1033. Cutoff line for interpretation of odds ratio is: (RIHS)
● 0
● 1*
● 5
● 50
● 100
1034. Sampling technique which depends upon the Basis of physical boundaries is: (RIHS)
● Cluster samplings*
● Stratified sampling
● Systematic sampling
● Purposive
● Simple random
1035. Which one of the following is a Descriptive Study? (RIHS)
● Case Report*
● Case Control Study
● Cohort Study
● Randomized Control Trial
● Non-Randomized Control Trial
1036. The most effective tool for measuring incidence of a discase in a community is. (RIHS)
● Cohort Study*
● Cross-sectional Study
● Cross-over study
● Randomized control study
1037. In a stable sinuation: (RIHS)
● Prevalence =Incidence x Durations*
● by Incidence = Prevalent X Durations
● Prevalence = Incidence + Duration
● incidence Prevalence + Duration
● Incidence = Prevalence + Duration
1038. Berksonian bias refers to the bias arising from: (RIHS)
● Different rates of admission to the hospitals*
● False representation of the general population
● Absence of confounding factors
● Improper selection of cases
● Un availability of research protocol*
1039. The ratio between incidence of disease among exposed persons and incidence among
non-exposed person is known as: (RIHS)
● Secondary Attack Rate
● Relative Risk*
● Population attributable risk
1040. Endemic disease means that the cases are: (RIHS)
● Seasonal
● Constant*
● Absent
● Secular
● Excessive
1041. Prevalence measures the burden of disease in a population inclusive of old & new
cases Prevalence of a disease can be obtained from: (RIHS)
● Longitudinal study
● Cross sectional study*
● Cohort study
● Intervention study
1042. An epidemiologist is assigned to conduct a study on 5000 people having
hyperlipidemia and those having normal lipid profile. He has to keep track of all the
participants to observe the development of stroke in these patients to confirm that
hyperlipidemia increases the risk of stroke. This study is: (RIHS)
● Case series
● Prospective study*
● Retrospective cohort study
● Retrospective study
1043. Acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis affected a large proportion of population over a
wide geographic area in 1971 and 1981. The spread of disease is: (RIHS)
● Epidemic
● Sporadic
● Pandemic*
● Endemic
● Opportunistic
1044. A new drug was introduced in some of patients to assess its usefulness compared with
the old one. Neither patients nor clinicians who evaluated patients for effect under
consideration in this clinical trial knew individual treatment assignments. This method of
assignment is known as: (RIHS)
● Single blinding
● Double blinding*
● Triple blinding
● Randomization
● Stratification
1045. The trend in mortality from tuberculosis in England showed a steady fall in years 1855
–1965 but thereafter a gradual rise in the incidence of this disease was report. This type of
time trend or fluctuation in disease occurrence is termed as: (RIHS)
● Epidemic trend
● Cyclical trend*
● Seasonal trend
● Secular trend
● Pandemic trend
1046. In a colony located near an industrial area 50 people died due to asphyxia and many,
developed difficulty in breathing and were hospitalized. The cause was the leakage of carbon
monoxide from a nearby chemical plant. The distribution of cases in time is suggestive of:
(RIHS)
● Slow epidemic
● Common source-single exposures*
● Common source continuous exposure
● Pandemic
1047. Which one of the following is included in Physical Quality of Life index (PQLI): (RIHS)
● IMR, per capita calorie intake and life expectancy
● IMR, literacy and life expectancy at 1 year*
● IMR, MMR and life expectancy at birth
● IMR. CDR and life expectancy at birth
● MMR, literacy and life expectancy at 1 year
1048. A good indicator of availability, utilization and effectiveness of health care services in
a country is: (RIHS)
● Maternal Mortality Rate.
● Crude Death Rate
● Infant Mortality Rate*
● Crude Birth Rate
● Child Mortality Rate
1049. If the number of deaths from tuberculosis is expressed in relation to the total mid-
year Population, it is: (RIHS)
● Age specific death rate
● Cause specific death rate*
1050. What is the best method for ensuring that patients assigned to different study groups
are similar in severity of disease at entry? (RIHS)
● Randomization*
● Exclusive baseline medical evaluation
● Adjusting entry criteria
● Blocking treatment assignments
● Strict adherence to protocol
1051. A confounding variable is the one that is associated with both exposure and disease.
This variable in a statistical study would be responsible for: (RIHS/YMDC)
● Direct association
● Indirect associations*
● Spurious association
● Causal association
1052. Number of exposed persons developing disease within the range of incubation period
following exposure to primary case is described by: (RIHS/YMDC)
● Attack rate
● Secondary attack rate*
● Incidence rate
● Relative risk
1053. Life expectancy at birth, adult literacy, mean year of schooling & GDP are composite
index of: (RIHS)
● Human Development Index*
● Physical Quality of Life Index
● Human Poverty Index
● Gender related Development Index
● Sullivan' sindex
1054. The services provided at the community level, on the basis of the need of the people
to improve their own health is. (RIHS)
● Educatory
● Regulatory
● Service
● Holistic
1055. The indicator used to measure the Quality of life is. (RIHS)
● HDI (Human Development index)*
● HALE (Health Adjusted Life Expectancy)
● DALE (Disability Adjusted Life Expectancy)
● DALY (Disability Adjusted Life Year)
● Sullivan's Index
1056. The indicator used to measure the Disability Rates is. (RIHS)
● HDI (Human Development Index)
● HALE (Health Adjusted Life Expectancy)*
● POLI (Physical Quality of Life Index).
● HPI (Human Poverty Index)
● GDI (Gender related Development Index)
1057. The services available at RHC in addition to BHU is. (RIHS)
● Blood examination.
● Essential Drugs
● Minor surgical procedures
● Outpatient services
● X-Rays*
1058. At integrated rural health center the additional staff available as compared to BHU is.
(RIHS)
● Dentist*
● Dispenser
● Lady Health visitor
● Lady Health worker
● Medical officer
1059. The deficiency of mineral associated with mental ill health is: (RIHS)
● Calcium
● Iodine*
● Iron
● Sodium
● Zinc
1060. Self-administration of drug for non-medical reasons in quantities and frequencies
which imp individual abilities to function effectively is best named as: (RIHS)
● Drug abuse*
● Drug dependent
● Drug therapy
● Drug tolerance
● Self-medication
1061. Most common mental health problems in Pakistan is. (RIHS)
● Mental retardation
● Dementia
● Seizure disorder
● Depression*
● Anxiety disorder
1062. Prevalence of postpartum depression in Pakistan among women of reproductive age
is: (RIHS)
● 17%
● 22%
● 28%*
● 30%
● 40%
1063. World health day is celebrated on (HBS/RIHS)
st
● 1 February
● 3rd March
● 7th April*
● 11th July
● 14th November
1064. Tourists travelling from Africa to Pakistan should have a valid certificate of vaccination
against. (RIHS)
● Hepatitis B
● Mumps
● Polio
● Tuberculosis
● Yellow Fever*
1065. Pakistan is a member of following regional organization of WHO. (RIHS)
● AFROB
● AMRO
● EMRO*
● EURO
● SEARO
1066. The United Nation Agency associated with improvement of working and living
condition of working population all over the world is named as: (RIHS)
● FAO
● ILO*
● UNDP
● UNICEF
● World Bank
1067. United Nations agency UNICEF content of services include Child health and nutrition.
(RIHS)
● Demographic data collection
● Development of human resource
● Population activities*
● Production of food
1068. A mother presented 10 years old child in outpatient department with complains of
pain and swelling in front of ears with fever and abdominal pain. What would be the most
likely diagnosis?
● Otitis media
● Pancreatitis
● Phyrangitis
● Mumps*
● Lymphadenitis
1069. Most common site of nosocomial infections is. (RIHS)
● Catheter
● Skin and soft tissues
● Surgical site
● Respiratory tract.
● Urinary tract*
1070. Mode of transmission of Tuberculosis is. (RIHS)
● Direct contact
● Droplet nuclei*
● Fecal
● Oral
● Parenteral
1071. The vector with high susceptibility to Dengue fever Virus is. (RIHS)
● Aedes Egypti*
● Aedes Albopictus
● Anopheles
● Mansonia
● Culex
1072. The high viral load greater or equal to 100,000 copies/ml and fall of CD4 count is a
marker of. (RIHS)
● Candida albicans
● Herpes Simplex virus
● Human immune deficiency virus*
● Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
● Toxoplasma gondii
1073. Most Commonest site for Hydatid Cyst in man is. (RIHS)
● Brain
● Gall Bladder
● Liver*
● Lung
● Peritoneum
1074. Herd immunity level needed to prevent the spread of epidemic of Polio is. (RIHS)
● 50%
● 66%*
● 70%
● 80%
● 100%
1075. Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease that is transmitted of. (RIHS)
● House fly
● Sandfly*
● Mosquito
● Tsetse fly
● Black fly
1076. Human Papilloma Virus is causing 275,000 deaths each year due to cancer of. (RIHS)
● Bladder
● Cervix*
● Ovary
● Uterus
● Vagina
1077. WHO recommends vaccination dosage of Tetanus Toxoid should receive women of
reproductive age? (RIHS)
● 2
● 3
● 5*
● 4
● 6
1078. Chronic carriers of Typhoid are those who excrete typhoid bacilli after clinical attack
for the following duration. (RIHS)
● 1 month
● 4 months
● 8 months
● 10 months
● 12 months*
1079. National TB control program defined a case as. (RIHS)
● BCG positive
● Mantoux positive
● Persistent cough with weight loss.
● Sputum positive for AFB*
● Radiologic ally positive
1080. Approximately 25% of Leprosy patients who are not treated at earlier stage of disease
develop anesthesia and deformities of. (RIHS)
● Chest
● Ears
● Hands and feet*
● Skull
● Nose
1081. The type of tetanus following abortion is also named as. (RIHS)
● Idiopathic Tetanus
● Otogenic Tetanus
● Puerperal Tetanus*
● Tetanus Neonatorum
● Traumatic Tetanus
1082. The effects of Hook worm infestations are due to. (RIHS)
● Iron deficiency anemia*
● VitaminB12 deficiency
● Protein energy malnutrition
● Teratogenic effects
● Loss of appetite
1083. Reservoir of infection in forest yellow fever cycle is. (RIHS)
● Dogs
● Foxes
● Monkeys*
● Rabbits
● Cattle
1084. The type of Leishmania parasitic species causing Cutaneous leishmaniasis is. (RIHS)
● Leishmania Braziliensis
● Leishmania Chagasi
● Leishmania Donovani
● Leishmanialnfantum
● Leishmaniatropica*
1085. Perinatal transmission of Hepatitis B virus occurs. (RIHS)
● In utero
● At birth*
● During lactation
● If there is Rh incompatibility
● Artificial feeding
1086. The trend of events with the passage of time is statistically presented by. (RIHS)
● Bar chart
● Pie chart
● Histogram
● Line diagram*
● Pictogram
1087. The data distinguished by their name and labels and cannot be classified one above
another is called. (RIHS)
● Quantitative data
● Ordinal data
● Nominal data*
● Discrete data
● Continuous data
1088. A method of statistical data presentation showing relationship between two variables
is denoted by. (RIHS)
● Tables
● Compound bar chart
● Pictogram
● Bar chart
1089. The most frequently occurring value in data is called (HBS/RIHS)
● Range
● Median
● Variance
● Mode*
● Mean
1090. Grading of ovarian cancer is a type of. (RIHS)
● Continuous data
● Discrete data
● Quantitative data
● Nominal data
● Categorical data*
1091. Square root of the Variance is called. (RIHS)
● Mode
● Range
● Mean
● Variance
1092. An easy to compute and simple measure of central tendency affected by extreme
values in a data is. (RIHS)
● Mode
● Median
● Mean*
● Range
● Variance
1093. Normal distribution curve area covering most of the values between+2SD on either
side or mean is. (RIHS)
● 30.2%
● 55.3%
● 8.3%
● 95.4%*
● 99.7%
1094. A carefully prepared presentation to show how to perform a skill or Procedure is.
(RIHS)
● Demonstration*
● Lecture
● Seminar
● Conference
● Workshop
1095. Achieving sustainable development by 2030 is. (RIHS)
● Aim
● Goal*
● Objective
● Plan
● Rational
1096. Activities used by programme planners to bring about outcomes identified in the
programme objectives are named as. (RIHS)
● Aims
● Budget
● Interventions*
● Management
● Goal
1097. The first step in planning cycle is: (RIHS)
● Assessment of resources
● Evaluation
● Setting objective
● Situation analysis*
1098. Public policies in Pakistan aim at avoiding the underlying reasons for the development
of environmental and atmospheric concentration of S02 to prevent the emergence of risk
factors. Under which level of prevention, it will fall? (RIHS)
● Primordial*
● Primary
● Secondary
● Tertiary
● Rehabilitation
1099. The concept of an iceberg phenomenon is widely used to describe disease pattern
community. In this phenomenon, the submerged portion of an iceberg indicates. (RIHS)
● Apparent cases
● Cured cases
● Diagnosed cases
● Complicated cases
● Sub clinical cases*
1100. The health indicator should actually measure what It is supposed to measure is: (RIHS)
● Sensitive
● Specific
● Valid*
● Reliable
● Relevant
1101. 2SD means. (RIHS)
● 80% of the values in the distribution lie between X±2SD
● 85 % of the values in the distribution lie between X±25D
● 90% of the values in the distribution lie between X±2SD
● 95 % of the values in the distribution lie between X±25D*
● 100% of the values in the distribution lie between X±25D
1102. Which of the following tests of significance is used to find the difference between two
means, which sample size is less than 60? (RIHS)
● Chi-square test
● Fisher's exact test
● 1-test*
● 2-test
● ANOVA-test
1103. The ability of the test to differentiate those who have the disease is: (RIHS)
● Validity
● Specificity
● Sensitivity*
● Positive predictive Value
● Yield
1104. A study was conducted in schools’ children to measure their average height. What is
the type of variable studied here? (RIHS)
● Nominal
● Ordinal
● Continuous*
● Discreet
● Dichotomous
1105. In a town whose population is 20.000, 70% are Muslims, 20% Christians, 10% Hindus.
If a researcher wants to take 10% of population for his study In that area, which one of the
following is the best sampling technique? (RIHS)
● Systematic random sampling
● Purposive sampling
1106. The Normal distribution curve is affected by the presence of outliers in the data. lf the
data gives the curve shown in the picture, it depicts which type of distribution? (RIHS)
● Normal distribution
● Bimodal distribution
● Polymodal distribution
● Positively skewed distribution
● Negatively skewed distribution*
1107. In analytical studies we develop association between risk factors and a disease. When
following in case control studies ascertains whether there is an association between exposure
and occurrence of disease? (RIHS)
● Relative Risk
● Odds ratio*
● Population attributable risk
● Population attributable risk %
1108. Forchelmec Spots are characteristic of which one of the following diseases: (RIHS)
● Small Pax
● Chicken Pox
● Measles
● Diphtheria
● Rubella*
1109. The disease with 100% case fatality rate is: (RIHS)
● Measles
● Mumps
● Rubella
● Rabies*
● Influenza
1110. Neonatal tetanus is best prevented by. (RIHS)
● Antibiotics to the mothers
● ATS serum to the mother
● immunoglobulins to the mother
● Tetanus toxoids to the mothers*
● Tetanus toxoid to the newborn
1111. Schick Test is done for the diagnosis of. (RIHS)
● SmallPox
● Chicken Pox
● Measles
● Diphtheria*
● Rubella
1112. Vaccine contraindicated in pregnancy is: (RIHS)
● Rubella*
● Typhoid
● Diphtheria
● Hepatitis B
● Tetanus
1113. The infectious, diseases are transmitted by several routes. Which one of the following
is a transplacental disease? (RIHS)
● Kalazar
● Rubella*
● Rabies
● Scabies
● Measles
1114. A person travelled from South Africa (SA) to Pakistan but failed to provide
international vaccination Certificate against Yellow Fever at the airport, He was detained at
the airport for a period nine days, this is called as: (RIHS)
● Detention
● Retention
● Observation
● Quarantine*
● Treatment
1115. Diagnosis of some infections is made on naked eye examination of stool. Which of the
following disease will lead to "Rice water stool? (RIHS)
● Diarrhea
● Dysentery
● Cholera*
● Shigella
● Salmonella
1116. In hunza Valley You are a part of a large scale Gollic Control Program. Use of iodine is
initiated 5 years ago among the population, Which of the following is a sensitive
environmental iodine deficiency and for monitoring the impact of your program? (RIHS)
● Determine iodine in water supply
● Determine iodine in soil
● Prevalence of neonatal hypothyroidism*
● Screening of young girls with enlarged thyroid
● Prevalence of cretinism
1117. The prevalence of cancer cases are increasing day by day in our country. Which cancer
is most. (RIHS)
● prevalent among females in Pakistan?
● Ovarian cancer
● Cervical cancer
● Lung cancer
● Breast cancer*
● Oral cancer
1118. In demographic cycle "Low Stationary" stage is. (RIHS)
● Stage 1
● Stage 2
● Stage 3
● Stage 4*
● Stage 5
1119. The estimate of average number of years a person expects to live if age specific death
rate for a given year prevails for rest of his life is best expressed by: (RIHS)
● Survival Index
● Probability of Dying
● Age Specific Death Rate
● Life Expectancy*
1120. Migration is an important component of population growth. What is the difference
between immigration and emigration? (RIHS)
● Migration difference
● Net migration*
● Gross migration
● Total migration
● No migration
1121. The fluoride level for dental carries are. (RIHS)
● 0.01mg
● 00.5 mg
● 1.0mg*
● 1.5 mg
● 2mg
1122. Developing countries are facing burden of Nutritional deficiencies. Which of the
following conditions is caused by d deficiency of protein in the children? (RIHS)
● Beriberi
● Kwashiorkor*
● Vitamin A toxicity
● Scurvy
● Niacin deficiency
1123. Vitamins are essential for our body and can be obtained by different sources. Which of
the following is best sources of Vitamin A? (RIHS)
● Cod liver oil*
● Green leafy vegetables
● Citrus fruits
● Egg yolk
● Carrots
1124. Significant dietary sources of vitamin A are: (RIHS)
● Poultry and fish
● Cereals, legumes
● Green leafy vegetables*
● Nuts, oilseeds
● Dried fruits
1125. Minimum antenatal visits required to a pregnant lady are: (RIHS)
● Three*
● Two
● Six
● Five
● Four
1126. The commonest complication of IUCD insertion is. (RIHS)
● Pain
● Pelvic infection*
● Bleeding
● Ectopic pregnancy
● UTI
1127. In maternal mortality rate, the denominator consists of: (RIHS)
● Total number of pregnant women at specified place and time
● Total number of women of reproductive age group
● Total number of women at specified place and time
● Total number of births at specified place and time*
● Total number of infants at specified place and time
1128. The annual number of deaths of infants between 28 days to 1 year per 1000 Iive births
in a year is called: (RIHS)
● Child mortality
● infant mortality
● Early neonatal mortality
● Post neonatal mortality*
● Perinatal mortality
1129. The aim of antenatal care at the end of the pregnancy is to. (RIHS)
● Foresee complications and prevent them
● Detect "high risk cases" and give them special attention
● Remove anxiety associated with pregnancy
● Sensitize the mother for family planning
● Achieve a healthy mother and a healthy baby*
1130. The brown pills in the pack of oral contraceptive pills (OCP) contains (RIHS)
● Magnesium
● Copper
● Calcium
● Iron*
● Zinc
1131. While inspecting one of the schools as a school medical officer you found out that if a
vertical line is drawn from the edge of the desk and it fall away from the edge of the seat, the
desks present in that school are: (RIHS)
● Inclined desks
● Computer desks
● Zero desks
● Minus desks
● Plus desks*
1132. Impairment of neurophysiological development occurs in children due to the following
air pollutant. (RIHS)
● Hydrocarbons
● Lead*
● Mercury
● Calcium Chloride
● Sulphur dioxide
1133. A mother noticed her child scratching his hands, waists, and body folds. On
examination follicular lesions were noticed on these areas. What might be the likely cause of
this problem? (RIHS)
● Allergy
● Scabies*
● Pedunculosis
● Ringworm infestation
● Tick infestation
1134. Solid excreta which settles down in the septic tanks is called: (RIHS)
● Sewage
● Solid waste
● infectious waste
● Sewer
● Sludge*
1135. Excessive exposure to noise can cause permanent hearing loss and the best way to
prevent induced hearing loss is: (RIHS)
● Enclosing the worker in a soundproof booth
● Use of less vibrant material
● Use ear plugs
● Allowing extra leave to worker
● enclosing the noise source*
1136. During annual medical checkup, a group of workers underwent complete blood
picture examination, 70 % of them showing basophilic stippling-of RBCS. Which one of the
following chemicals is causing this problem? (RIHS/YMDC)
● Sulphur
● Lead*
● Mercury
● Cadmium
● Phosphorus
1137. A man who had been working in a ship breaking Industry foer the last 7 years,
presented in OPD of tertiary care hospital with the complaints of cough, tyspnea on exertion
and chest pain. His chest X-ray showed snow torm appearance. What is the most probable
diagnosis? (RIHS)
● Silicosis*
● Anthracosis
● Byssinosis
● Bagassosis
● Atelactasis
1138. One of the key areas for workers welfare In the occupational Health is the field of
Ergonomics basically is. (RIHS)
● identification of disease of occupational origin,
● identification of cause of occupational disease.
● Checking effectiveness of control measures.
● Establishing environmental hygiene.
● Design of working environment best suited for the workers*
1139. The disaster management team should disregard which of the following “R"
component. (RIHS)
● Rescued
● Rehabilitation
● Research
● Recover*
● Relief
1140. After the recent earthquake of Nepal, several countries sent their team to combat the
immediate post disaster phase. What should be their first priority task? (RIHS)
● Relief
● Rescue*
● Rehabilitation
● Reconstruction
● Restoration
1141. A farmer reported to hospital after snake bite having bleeding per rectum and gums.
He was bitten by which type of snake. (RIHS)
● Cobra
● Viper*
● Python
● Sea snake
● Krait
1142. Being less able to do productive activities, physical ailments and psychosocial
disturbances lead to a disturbed mental health status of the individual. To improve the mental
health status of these individual’s prime importance should be given towards: (RIHS)
● Provision of medical services
● Registration with geriatric clinics
● Leisure time activities*
● Rehabilitation services
● Religious activities.
1143. An analysis of the race of patients who visit an emergency room reveals that 40% are
white, 25% are black, 20% are Native American, and 15% are Asian. These data would best be
depicted graphically with a. (YMDC)
● Venn diagram
● Histogram*
● Bar graph*
● Pie chart
● Normal curve
1144. Which one of the following statements is not true regarding Lice?
● Lice belong to phylum Arthropoda and undergo incomplete metamorphosis.
● Faeces of a louse which has fed on the blood of a patient of typhus fever 2 - 6 days
previously can transmit infection
● Pediculosis is a viral disease transmitted by the bite of a body lous*
● Relapsing fever occurs when an infected louse is crushed on the skin.
● Dusting powder containing 10% DDT is effective against all types of Pediculosis
1145. A Pakistani physician went to work in South Africa. A woman reported with diarrhoea.
On examination she was found to have glossitis and stomatitis. Her detailed investigations
revealed presence of anemia. She was diagnosed as a case of Niacin deficiency. The likely food
to have caused this deficiency state is:
● Legumes
● Raw rice*
● Maize
● Pearl millets
● Whole wheat
1146. Different agents are used for chlorination of water on large scale. If after chlorination
taste of water is not much altered; level of residual chlorine is more stable and persistent. The
likely agent to be used for chlorination was:
● Bleaching powder*
● Perchloron
● Chlorine gas
● Chloride ions
● Chloramines
1147. 17. A water sample was taken from a village near Taxila On chemical analysis the
fluoride level was found to be 0.03 mg/lit. The likely effect on the body is:
● Dental fluorosis
● Dental caries*
● Skeletal fluorosis
● Caries spine
● Abdominal colic
1148. A 30 years old pregnant lady, gravidity 2 parity 1, visited the antenatal clinic at 32
weeks of gestation. She was a known smoker. On physical examination blood pressure was
found to be 120/80 mm Hg. Blood examination showed Hb level of 12.5 g/dl. Ultrasound was
suggestive of intrauterine growth retardation. Which factor during pregnancy would have
contributed to intrauterine growth retardation? (Save)
● Age
● Parity
● Anemia
● Hypertension
● Smoking*
1149. A survey on air pollution was conducted in an urban area to determine the major
contaminant in air. The major contaminant estimated in all air pollution is:
● Grit and dust
● Nitrogen dioxide*
● Sulphur dioxide
● Carbon monoxide
● Smoke index
1150. A person presented with hearing loss after 12 hours of noise exposure. This hearing
loss disappeared shortly afterwards. The frequency of noise is likely to be between the ranges
of:
● 1000- 2000 Hz
● 6000-8000 Hz
● 2000- 4000 Hz*
● 8000- 10,000 Hz
● 4000-6000 Hz
1151. Prophylactic administration of vitamin K in breast fed babies is an example of:
● Health Promotion
● Specific protection*
● Treatment
● Rehabilitation
1152. When total number of deaths due to measles is presented in relation to the total cases
of measles, it is best labeled as:
● Cause specific death rate
● Incidence rate
● Proportional mortality
● Prevalence rate
1153. A new drug was introduced in some of patients to assess its usefulness compared with
the old on patients nor did clinicians who evaluated patients for effect under consideration in
this clinical trial know individual treatment assignments. This method of assignment is known
as:
● Single blinding
● Randomization*
● Double blinding
● Stratification
● Triple blinding
1154. Asexual cycle of malarial parasite ends with the production of which one of the
following to propagate the disease?
● Sporozoties
● Merozoites
● Schizonts
● Gametocytes*
● Oocytes
1155. Which one of the following gestational infections will result in congenital anomaly?
● Chicken Pox*
● Candidiasis
● Typhoid
● Pneumonia
● Cholera
1156. Which one of the following is not a mechanical method of contraception?
● Insertion of Copper T
● Insertion of Lippes Loop
● Use of diaphragm
● Contraceptive Implants*
● Condoms
1157. At Lahore Grammar School a student of class II developed mumps. He was isolated
from other children till swelling subsided and his brother of class IV who looked apparently
healthy was also advised to be away from school for about a fortnight. His brother's type of
carrier state is most likely to be:
● Incubatory*
● Healthy
● Temporary
● Chronic
● Convalescent
1158. A 55 years old hypertensive patient was admitted in the Medical Ward with cerebral
strok After treatment he recovered but was unable to move his right lower lim He was advised
physiotherapy. This type of assistance is:
● Rehabilitation
● Prompt treatment*
1159. A primigravida came for antenatal. Her base line investigations along with screening
for Hepatitis B and C were done. She was diagnosed HBV positive. What measure would you
suggest to prevent the infection in her child after delivery?
● Active immunization only
● Chemoprophylaxis*
● Active & passive Immunization
● Reassurance
● Only passive immunization
1160. 10 cases of food poisoning had been reported in hospital, 2 out of these developed
mild gastrointestinal symptoms, 4 developed moderate dehydration but recovered and 2
succumbed to the disease. The characteristic of the organism of food poisoning that produces
the severest form of the disease is:
● Infectivity
● Communicability
● Pathogenicity*
● Resistibility
● Virulence
1161. Public Policies in Pakistan aim at avoiding the underlying reasons for the development
of environmental and atmospheric concentration of S02 to protect the health of people It’s an
example of
● Primordial*
● Rehabilitation
● Primary
● Screening
● Secondary
1162. In a house consisting of two living rooms, the door and windows are facing each other.
This will provide:
● Low humidity
● Diffusion
● Aspiration*
● Acoustic discomfort
● Cross ventilation
1163. Cutoff value for women to be labelled as obese?
● 25
● 26
● 28.8
● 30*
1164. Population of world is
● 6 million.
● 60 million
● 6000 million
● 6 billion*
● 600 million
1165. Positive health indicator of nutrition status includes all except
● Anthropometric measurements of pre school children.
● Height of school children at school entry
● Weight of antenatal mothers*
● Prevalence of low birth weight babies
1166. Plastic syringes are sterilized by:
● Radiations/ Gamma rays*
1167. A child of 1 year presents with muscle wasting, loss of subcutaneous fat with no signs
of edema and weight below 60% of WHO standard. The mother gives history of not giving
enough proteins and other nutrients to the child after six months of age. The likely diagnosis
is:
● Kwashiorkor
● Under nutrition
● Marasmus*
● Vitamin B1 deficiency
● Marasmus & kwashiorkor
1168. Which one of the following is a cell derived vaccine?
● Measles
● BCG
● OPV
● Hepatitis B*
● Mumps
1169. A doctor is required to study the incidence of silicosis in a stone cutting industry,
which study design should he choose:
● Longitudinal*
● Case reports
● Cross-sectional
● Ecological surveys
1170. Every year during the winter season the hospital admissions are more for pneumonia
cases. This year also about 358 children with pneumonia were admitted in the Pediatric
department of POF Hospital between the months of Jan- Mar 2007. This increased frequency
of respiratory infections during winter months is an example of:
● Epidemic trend
● Secular trend
● Cyclical trend*
● Seasonal trend
● Pandemic trend
1171. The best strategy recommended by WHO for the control of pulmonary Tuberculosis is:
● BCG vaccination at mass level
● Chemoprophylaxis with INH
● Early case detection and prompt treatment*
● Proper disposal of sputum
● Awareness
1172. Which one of the following diseases does not spread by infected droplets?
● Chicken pox
● Measles
● Poliomyelitis*
● Mumps
● Rubella
1173. Which one of the following is not included in the four pillars of safe motherhood?
● Family planning
● Antenatal care
● Clean delivery
● Essential obstetric care
● Female literacy*
1174. The average weight gain for a pregnant woman with BMI 20-25 should be:
● 4 to 8 kg
● 8 to 12kg*
● 12 ta 16kg
● 16 to 20 kg
● 20 to 24kg
1175. Which one of the following is a meat borne discase?
● Bacilius Cereus infection
● Taenlasis*
● Ascariasis
● Shigeliósis
● Clostridium Botulinum infection
1176. Which one of the Following is not a feature of Marasmus?
● Muscle wasting,
● Imitability
1177. A Post coital contraception is recommended within: (RIHS)
● 06 hours of unprotected- intercourse
● 48 hours of unprotected- intercourse*
● 72 hours of unprotected- intercourse
● Two days of missed period.
● Two weeks of missed period
1178. Which of the following statements is true for school Health team?
● It consists of one male doctor & one female doctor and nurses.
● It serves up to 5000 school children*
● Every school, small or large, should have its own school health team linked with BHUS
● It is responsible for curative health care
● School health records are a reliable source of data in
1179. A composite index combining indicators representing three dimensions i.e. longevity,
knowledge and income, the value ranges from 0-1 is known as; (YMDC)
● Human development index*
● Physical quality of life index
● Sullivan index
● Park’s index
1180. World health day is celebrated on 7 of April every year. The theme of world health day
for the year 2018 is: (YMDC)
● small creatures’ big threat
● universal health coverage*
● Working together for health
● Halt the rise, Bear Diabetes
● From farm to plaic, food safety
1181. Dr John Snow known a father of Public Health. During 19 th century John Snow. (YMDC)
● Proved that malaria is spread by mosquito
● Hypothesized that cholera is mainly due to malnutrition
● the first to develop vaccine against Smallpox
● proved that cholera through contaminated water*
● proved that TB is caused by Mycobacterium
1182. A 55 years old hypertensive patient was admitted with stroke after treatment he
recovered but was unable to move his lower limb He was advised physical therapy This type
of prevention as known as. (YMDC)
● Rehabilitation*
1183. There was an outbreak of cholera in a village and majority of the villagers suffered
from it Mr. Allahdita was the first person who become sick in this epidemic What type of case
Mr. Allahdita will be? (YMDC)
● index case*
● Primary case
● Secondary case
● Tertiary case
● Clinical case
1184. The cardiologist expresses the amount of edema in Congestive Cardiac Failure patients
in term of absent mild, moderate, and severe. The statistician will describe this data as.
(YMDC)
● Nominal
● Ordinal*
● Continuous
● Discrete
● Scale
1185. In a cohort study of a disease, the cohort selected will consist of: (YMDC)
● Subjects who.arc found to have the discase
● Subjects without the discase
● Subjects with risk factor under investigation*
● Subjects with a family history of the disease
● Subjects without the risk factor under investigation
1186. A researcher wants to determine the prevalence of hepatitis C in Pakistan, which one
of the following is best method to Study prevalence in the community? (YMDC)
● Case control
● Cohort study
● Cross-sectional*
● Case report
● Experimental
1187. Odds ratio is the strength of association in number of times between the risk factor
and the disease derived from: (YMDC)
● Cohort study
● Cross sectional
● Case report
● Clinical trials
1188. The students of 4th Year MBBS class visit school. The numbers of students per class
from class I to class IX were as follows: (YMDC)
27.23. 15 18, 30, 24. 8, 12 and 16.
The median number in this series is
● 12
● 15
● 16*
● 18
● 30
1189. ln normal distribution curve the proportion of observation that lie within ±2SD from
the means: (YMDC)
● 25.50%
● 68.27%
● 78.53%
● 95.45%*
● 99.73%
1190. Screening test has two measures of validity Sensitivity and specificity ln case of highly
lethal diseases like cancer on which component of validity we compromise at the cost of
other? (YMDC)
● increase Sensitivity at the cost of specificity*
● decrease Sensitivity at the cost of Specificity
● increase specificity of the cost of Specificity
● decrease Specificity at the cost of Specificity
● Non-Specificity and specificity have no role
1191. As a medical officer you are sitting in BHU a 3 years old child presents to you who has
never been vaccinated before. Which of the following vaccines would you recommend on his
first visit? (YMDC)
● BCG only
● BCG Polio and Measles
● BCG,Polio, pentavalent*
● Polio DPT and Hepatitis B
● Polio Hepatitis B and Measles
1192. Occurrence of a disease or any health-related event clearly in excess of expected
frequency is called an epidemic. An area is declared free of epidemic if: (RIHS/YMDC)
● Till the last secondary case recovers
● No new case reported for the incubation period of since last case
● No new case reported for twice the incubation period of disease since the last case*
● No new case reported for thrice the incubation period of disease since the last case
● No new Case reported for the six months since the last case
1193. A child developed fever, Flu like symptoms and skin rash. On examination white ulcer
like lesions on the buccal Mucosa of the affected child were seen. What could be the Most
likely diagnosis? (YMDC)
● Mumps
● Chickenpox
● Measles*
● Diphtheria
● Perusis
1194. There are certain vaccines which art sensitive to freezing and damaged by freezing
Which of the following vaccines is remain unaffected by freezing. (YMDC)
● DRT
● DT
● TT
● OPV*
● HEP-B
1195. Post exposure vaccination is used in. (YMDC)
● Pertussis
● Rabies*
● Tetanus
● Tuberculosis
● Cerebrospinal fever
1196. A 30 years old (…..) for annual checkup His Mantoux test is done to screen for
tuberculosis . at which level would you call his Mantoux test positive? (YMDC)
● >5mm
● >8mm
● >10mm*
● >12mm
● >15mm
1197. An inanimate object cable of transmitting infection agent is called. (YMDC)
● Vector
● Carrier
● Host
● Fomite*
● case
1198. To devise effective interventions to reduce neonatal mortality it is very important to
know about the neonatal period. Which of the following duration of life represents Neonatal
period? (YMDC)
● First week of life
● First 4 weeks of life*
● First 6 weeks of life
● Firsts 8 Weeks of life
● First year of life
1199. A 30 years old married female presents to the department of gynecology with
complaints of vaginal discharge, abnormal bleeding and fever. On examination she has
tenderness in lower abdomen. Sha history of IUCD insertion about three months ago. identify
the most likely cause of her condition? (YMDC)
● Pelvic inflammatory Disease*
● Appendicitis
● Cervical carcinoma
● IUCD expulsion
1200. To prevent tetanus in neonate born to a woman, with no history of Tetanus Toxoid
(TT) vaccination which one of the following is advisable? (YMDC)
● Give one dose of TT to mother immediately
● Administer tetanus immunoglobulin to mother
● Ensure strict aseptic delivery
● Administer TT to newborn
● Administer anti-tetanus serum 10 newborn*
1201. To determine the nutritional status of adults in a large papulation. Which of the
following is MOST economical method? (YMDC)
● Conducting a dietary survey
● Measuring height and weight*
● Measuring serum Hemoglobin
● Measuring serum iron
● Measuring serum ferritin
● Health promotion and disease prevention requires public
1202. Health promotion and disease prevention requires public. Health campaigns to
courage healthy dietary habits, including calorie limits for the proportion of their total diet
contributed by different dietary components. What calorie limit was set for saturated fats as a
proportion of the total in percent? (YMDC)
● 10%
● 20%
● 30%*
● 40%
● 50%
1203. A mother comes to OPD with her 2 years old child with oedema in face, blood sparse
hair and dermatitis. His weight is 70% of the standard for his age. What is yours most likely
diagnosis. (YMDC)
● Dermatitis
● Marasmus
● Nephrotic syndrome
● Kwashiorkor*
1204. One gram of fat produce how many calories? (RIHS/YMDC)
● 1k calorie
● 3k calorie
● 5k calorie
● 7k calorie
● 9k calorie*
1205. xerophthalmia refer to all the ocular manifestation of the micronutrient’s deficiency in
children and night blindness in adult. Which of the following vitamin deficiency is responsible
for this condition? (YMDC)
● vitamin A*
● Vitamin B
● vitamin C
● Vitamin D
● Vitamin K
1206. School health service is one of the very significant functions of health promotion and
education. Which of the following is most important component of school health services?
(YMDC)
● Accident prevention
● Program Planning
● Medical treatment
● Teacher training
● Health education*
1207. Dengue virus appears to have a direct man-mosquito - man cycle. The mechanism for
dengue virus survival in the interepidemic period is. (YMDC)
● Nonhuman reservoir
● D-latent phase man*
● Transovarian transmission of the virus
● Poor housekeeping by public
● Open dumping refuse
1208. Which of the following indices is used to measure malaria endemicity a community?
(YMDC)
● Spleen rate*
● Parasite rate
● Proportional case rate
● Inoculation rate
● Infant parasite rate
1209. Scrub typhus is transmitted. (YMDC)
● Mosquito
● Flea
● Tick*
● louse
● Mite
1210. Yellow fever is not present in Pakistan because: (YMDC)
● There is no susceptive
● Vector which transmits the disease is not found
● Environmental is not favorable for vector to survive
● Agent of the diseases is not present*
● No suitable reservoir presents
1211. The causative agent of plague is: (YMDC)
● Rattus rattus
● Mus musculus
● yersinia pestis*
● xenopsylla cheopis
● pulex irritans
1212. There are various ways used for water purification one of them is chlorination. Which
of the following causative agent is not affect by chlorination of water in normal dose? (YMDC)
● salmonellae
● shigella
● E. coli
● Polio virus*
● HIV
1213. Cement industry worker complaint of cough dyspnea on exertion chest pain. His X-ray
chest showed snowstorm appearance in the lung fields the most likely diagnosis would be?
● Siderosis
● Silicosis*
● Aspergillosis
● Byssinosis
1214. A person aged 50 had been working in the sugar cane industry for the past 20 years
presented with repeated attack of respiratory infections in the last one year. X- ray showed
pulmonary deposit the likely diagnosis is would be? (YMDC)
● Silicosis
● Baggasosis*
● Byssinosis
1215. A 50 years old man comes for Annual medical checkup. Physical examination reveals
BP 150/90mmHg. He is obese and has a known history of smoke for 15 years and has a
sedentary lifestyle. Which of the following is MOST important modifiable risk factor for
primary presentation in this subject? (YMDC)
● Age
● Obesity
● Physical inactivity
● Environmental Stress
● Smoking*
1216. Which of the following is leading cause of death amongst women and Pakistan has the
highest incidence of this cancer? (YMDC)
● Oral cancer
● Lung cancer
● Cervical cancer
● Breast cancer*
● Ovarian cancer
1217. Rheumatic fever is a febrile viral disease affecting the connective tissues particularly of
heart and joints; often leads to Rheumatic heart disease Which of the following is causative
agent of Rheumatic fever? (YMDC)
● Streptococcus*
● Staphylococcus
● Adenovirus
● Rhinovirus
● Coxsackie virus
1218. Diabetes is an emerging public health problem in Pakistan. Glycosylated hemoglobin
levels give an indication of diabetic control over previous indication. (YMDC)
● One week
● 2-3 weeks
● One months
● 2-3 months*
● 6 months
1219. Which of the following is a not characteristic feature of chronic non-communicable
disease? (YMDC)
● Multifactorial causation
● Well defined etiological agent*
● Long latent period
● Irreversible pathological damage
● Leave residual disability
1220. Demography is the scientific study of human population dals with composition,
distributions and changes in human population size. which of the following factor doesn’t
affect the demographic profile of any country? (YMDC)
● Fertility
● Mortality
● Morbidity*
● Social mobility
● Marriage
1221. Fertility rate is indicative of. (YMDC)
● Complete family size
● Total number of married females in 15rs age group
● Total number of female children in the family
● Total number of births 1000 in women of 15-49yrs age group*
● Total number of female in midyear population
1222. Graphical representation of Age-Sex structure of the population is called population
pyramid of the population pyramid of any country bulging in land side from age ranges 20-35
years what does it reflect? (YMDC)
● Rapid urbanization
● Dependency ratio
● Male female ratio
● Changes in the population size
● Economic stability of that country*
1223. Pakistan is currently in the 3rd stage of demographic transition, which is known as:
(YMDC)
● High stationary
● Low stationary
● Early expanding*
● Late expanding
● Declining
1224. Time taken by the population to double its size is called doubling time. If a population
is growing at rate of 1% per year, the doubling time of population is: (RIHS/YMDC)
● 35 years
● 50 years
● 70 years*
● 85 years
● 90 years
1225. Reducing Maternal mortally was one of the millennium Development goal which of
the following denominator for calculating maternal mortality ratio? (YMDC)
● Total no. of women between 15-49years of age
● Total no of pregnant women in population
● Total no of female in the population
● Total no of live births per 1000*
● Total midyear population
1226. Which one of the following is direct related single most important and significant
cause of infant mortality in Pakistan? (YMDC)
● Diarrhea
● Pneumonia*
● Low birth weight
● Malnutrition
● measles
1227. which of the following measure pf mortality also takes will births into consideration?
(YMDC)
● early neonatal mortality rate
● infant mortality rate
● perinatal mortality rate*
● neonatal mortality rate
● maternal mortality rate
1228. A butcher developed intermittent febrile attacks. Profuse sweating, arthritis, and
enlarged spleen. What is the most likely diagnosis? (YMDC)
● Anthracosis
● Baggasosis
● Byssinosis
● Brucellosis*
● Farmers lung
1229. The most commonest cancer related to the occupation seen in aniline industry or with
aromatic amines is: (YMDC)
● Skin
● Lung
● Bladder
● Blood*
● Rectum
1230. Warnings issued ahead of impacting disasters are life- Saving measures That activates
disaster preparedness. Which of the Following disaster cannot be forecast? (YMDC)
● Floods
● Tornado
● Tsunami
● Famine
● Earthquake*
1231. In disaster management the inured who don’t need immediate response and their
treatment can be delayed without putting their lives ai risk: according to Triage which color
coding should be done to those injuries: (YMDC)
● Red
● Blue
● Green
● Yellow*
● black
1232. Being a part of disaster management team and working in area hit by flood, what is
the most immediate Step you would take in the disaster management: (YMDC)
● Relief,
● Rehabilitation
● Reconstruction
● Rescue*
● Research
1233. Identify the most logical arrangements of events in health planning keeping in mind
the Donabedian’s Model approach? (YMDC)
● Input-Structure-budget
● Output- outcome-input
● Material- output- feedback
● Input-process-output*
● Money-structure-input
1234. A campaign to provide vaccination services door to door with community participation
for polio eradications is an example of which health education approach. (YMDC)
● Regulatory
● Service
● legislative
1235. The snake venom of viper usually kills the person if he is not given the anti-venom
timely and its major effect are. (YMDC)
● Haemotoxic*
● Ototoxic
● Hepatotoxic
● Nephrotoxic
● Myotoxic
1236. Basic health unit in Pakistan provides health care facilities. (YMDC)
● 5000 population
● 10000-15000 population*
● 20000-25 000 population
● 30000 population
● 35000 population
1237. Population dynamics is the study of any change in population size, composition and
structure. Population dynamics is not affected by which one of the following demographic
processes: (RIHS)
● Fertility
● Mortality
● Morbidity*
● Marriage
● Migration
1238. Total Fertility Rate is indicative of: (RIHS)
● Total number of married females
● Total number of married females in the reproductive age group*
● Total number of live births per 1000 woman in reproductive age group
● Total number of female children in the family
● Total number of live births per 1000 midyear population
1239. Theory of Demographic transition refers to 5 stages during which a slowly growing or
stagnant population growth gives way to a period of rapid population growth & then reverts
to slow & stagnant growth going on to a negative growth rate. Pakistan is currently in the 3 rd
stage of demographic transition, which is known as: (RIHS)
● High stationary
● Low stationary
● Early expanding
● Late expanding*
● Declining
1240. Graphical representation of Age-Sex structure of the population is called as population
pyramid. One of the following information cannot be obtained from the population pyramid.
(RIHS)
● Sudden changes in the population size
● Dependency ratio
● Male female ratio
● Economic stability of a country
1241. For calculating population of a community at specific time period the most important
factor which must be known is: (RIHS)
● Population at that point
● Future population.
● Age specific distribution of population
● Number of years between census*
● Growth rate
1242. To compare the death rate of India with the death rate of Pakistan, the most
appropriate measure is a comparison between: (RIHS)
● Age specific mortality rates
● Crude death rates
● Maternal mortality rates
● Standardized mortality rates*
● Vital Index
1243. A 22-year-old woman (P2, G2) has a history of thrombophlebitis during her last
pregnancy. She is sure that she does not want more children for at least 4 years. Which of the
following Contraceptives should she be advised? (RIHS)
● Combined OCPS
● Barrier method
● Depo- Provera
● IUCD*
● Progesterone only pill
1244. Oral contraceptive pills do not provide protection against one of the following besides
pregnancy (RIHS)
● Fibro adenoma breast
● Iron deficiency anemia.
● Ovarian cancer
● Hepatocellular adenoma*
1245. At primary health care level, a woman who complains of spotting following IUCD
insertion should be advised: (RIHS)
● Analgesics and observation
● Antibiotics and observation
● Iron supplementation and observation
● Removal of IUCD*
● Reassurance
1246. The numerator is not a component of denominator in: (RIHS)
● Mean
● Mode
● Proportion
● Rate
● Ratio*
1247. The most important measure of mortality (RIHS)
● Age specific death rate*
● Proportional mortality rate
● Standardized mortality rate
1248. In an outbreak of cholera in a village of 10000 population 100 cases have occurred and
25 have died. Case fatality rate is: (RIHS)
OR
1249. In an outbreak of cholera in a viliage of 5000 population 40 cases have occurred and
10 have died. Case fatality rate is. (RIHS)
● 05%
● 10%
● 15%
● 20%
● 25%*
1250. The number of deaths in people aged above 50 years divided by the total deaths
known is: (RIHS)
● Expectancy of life
● Proportional mortality ratio*
● Mortality by case
● Crude death rated
● Age specific rate
1251. The number of deaths in people aged above 50 years as a percentage of total deaths
of all age groups are known is: (RIHS)
● Expectancy of life
● Proportional mortality ratio*
● Mortality by case
● Age specific rate
1252. The commonest complication of IUCD insertion is: (RIHS)
● Pain
● Pelvic infection
● Bleeding*
● UTI
1253. Rolling boiling is a method of water purification for household purposes. The
minimum time required is: (RIHS)
● 1-10 minutes
● 10-20 minutes*
● 30-40 minutes
● 40-50 minutes
● 50-60 minutes
1254. The procedure for the prevention and control of air pollution involving prevention of
escape of toxic substances into ambient air is called: (RIHS)
● Air cleaning
● Containment*
● Dilution
● Disinfection
● Replacement
1255. Infection by an organism that is not normally pathogenic but can cause disease if
immunity of host is lowered is: (RIHS)
● Contamination
● iatrogenic infection
● Infestation
● Nosocomial infection
● Opportunistic infection*
1256. Communication occurring from the chairperson to the accounts officer through a intra
office note is called as: (RIHS)
● Face to face communication
● interpersonal communication
● Mass communication
● One to one communication
● Top-down communication*
1257. For presentation of statistical data, a frequency distribution obtained by joining the
midpoints of the histogram blocks is called: (RIHS)
● Ogive*
● Frequency Tables
● Line Diagram
● Pictogram
● Pie Chart
1258. A statistical data in percentages is ideally presented by: (RIHS)
● Ogive
● Line Diagram
● Pictogram
● Pie Chart*
1259. Epidemiology is the study of all health-related events and states in specified
population. Which of the following aspect of epidemiology deals with distribution of disease
in the community? (YMDC)
● Analytical
● Descriptive*
● Experimental
● Interventional
● Clinical trial
1260. A group of 200 women using Oral Contraceptive Pills were followed for 5 years to find
out the rest of getting breast cancers. At the same time information were taken from another
group of females who were not using OCP. Identify the study design? (YMDC)
● Case control*
● Cross-sectional
● Case-report
● Clinical trial
● Cohort study
1261. Hypothesis testing is an important component of research; which of the following
error will occur if we reject the null hypothesis when in reality it is true. (YMDC)
● type 1 alpha error*
● type I beta error
● Type II beta error
● Type II alpha error
● Type III delta error
1262. A total of 150 patients with thyroid cancer and equal amount of controls were
identified. An inquiry was made with the cases with reference 10 past exposure to indintion.
Which of the following study design is most appropriate? (YMDC)
● Case series
● Case control*
● Clinical trial
● Cohort
● Cross-sectional
1263. In a community based nutritional survey the data was collected on height, weight and
hemoglobin. Which type of variables these are? (YMDC)
● Nominal
● ordinal
● dependent
● discrete
● continuous*
1264. Relative Risk is the strength of association in number of times between the risk factor
and the disease. It is derived from. (YMDC)
● Cross sectional
● Case report
● Cohort study*
● Clinical trials
1265. P-value is the probability of occurrence of chance, when it is statistically Significant?
(YMDC)
● <0.05*
● >0.05
● <0.5
● >0.1
● <0.1
1266. Assuming normal curve the proportion of observations that lie within 2SD from the
mean is; (YMDC)
● 25.50%
● 68.27%
● 78.53%
● 95.45%*
● 99.73%
1267. Water that contains offensive and not necessary the infectious material is called:
● Contaminated water
● Potable water
● Polluted water*
● Safe water
● infectious water
1268. The interval between diagnosis of disease at screening and when it would have been
detected due to appearance of symptoms is? (RIHS)
● Infectivity period
● Lead lime*
● Serial interval
● Latent period
1269. Detection of High blood pressure in an elderly primigravida is: (RIHS)
● Mass screening
● High risk screening*
● Opportunistic screening.
● Periodical screening
1270. The ability of the test of differentiate those who have the disease is. (RIHS)
● Validity
● Specificity
● Sensitivity*
● Positive predictive Value
● Yield
1271. The estimate of average number of additional years a person expects to live if age
specific death rate for a given year prevails for rest of his life is best expressed by: (RIHS)
● Survival Index
● Probability of Dying
● Life Expectancy*
● Age Specific Death Rate
1272. In family planning terminal method includes: (RIHS)
● Physical methods
● Chemical Methods
● Female Sterilization*
● IUCD
● Hormonal devices
1273. In married people, a variety of sexually transmitted discases can be prevented by the
use of: (RIHS)
● Vasectomy
● Oral Contraceptive Pills
● IUCDS
● Condoms*
● Lactation
1274. The type of epidemiology which deals with distribution of disease is: (RIHS)
● Analytical
● Descriptive*
● Experimental
● Interventional
1275. The type of epidemiology which deals with the intervention of new drug is: (RIHS)
● Analytical
● Descriptive
● Case control
● Survey
● Randomized control trials*
1276. The type of epidemiology which deals with incidence of disease is: (RIHS)
● Case control*
● Cohort
● Experimental
● Interventional
● Randomized Contraceptive
1277. The case control study is example of: (RIHS)
● Analytical*
● Descriptive
● Experimental
● Interventional
1278. The type of epidemiological study which deals with identifying underlying causes of
disease and to test etiological hypothesis is: (RIHS)
● Analytical*
● Descriptive
● Experimental
● Interventional
1279. Prevalence is useful: (RIHS)
● To identify potential high-risk population*
● To control disease
● For distribution of disease
● For efficacy of preventive and therapeutic measure
● For planning for future budget
1280. Which of the following epidemiological method is an incidence study? (RIHS)
● Randomized controlled trials
● Cohort study*
● Surveys
1281. Data about prevalence and distribution of illness and state of health of a community
at one point of time is given by: (RIHS)
● Double blinded study
● Surveillance
1282. The longitudinal studies are: (RIHS)
● Based on a single examination at one point in time
● More useful for chronic diseases
● Able to provide little information about natural history of disease
● Helpful in identifying risk factors of disease*
● Able to intervene in control group
1283. The most cost-effective method of testing hypothesis is: (RIHS)
● Case report
● Clinical trail
● Randomized control trials*
1284. Which of the following is true about cross sectional study? (RIHS)
● Prospective study*
● Type of analytical study
● Study proceeds from cause to effect
● Study is short-lived and technique is crude
● Prevalence is calculated
1285. Which of the following statements is true about case control? (RIHS)
● Provides incidence of diseases
● Indicated when there is good evidence of association between exposure and disease
● Done when incidence of disease is very low among exposed
● Done when ample funds are available
● Calculates odd ratio*
1286. About Cohort study one should exclude: (RIHS)
● Two groups should be comparable
● Groups should be equally susceptible
● Eligibility criteria of disease can be defined as time passes on
● Cohort must be free from diseases under study
● Small sample size*
1287. The following can only be obtained in case control analysis: (RIHS)
● Prevalence rate
● Relative risk
● Incidence rate
● Odd ratio*
1288. Cohort study will be a failure for. (RIHS)
● Several possible outcomes
● Dose response ratio
● Bias is minimized
● Study of rare diseases
● Incidence
1289. Which of the following is true about experimental epidemiology? (RIHS)
● Provides scientific proof of etiological factor, that may permit control of those diseases*
● Provides a method of measuring effectiveness and efficiency of health services
● Epidemiologist observes the natural course of events
● Conditions in which study is carried out are under the direct control of the investigator
● Conditions in which study is carried out are under the direct control of the Researcher.
1290. Experimental epidemiology deals with: (RIHS)
● Epidemic
● Intervention
● Screening of disease*
● Early diagnosis
● Prompt treatment
1291. Randomization is. (RIHS)
● Mixing control with case
● Mixing different type of control
● Statistical procedure of allocating participants into study and control group
● Selecting characteristics of case group
● Part of non-probability sampling
1292. A disease affecting a large proportion of a population over a wide geographical area
such as a part of a nation, the whole nation, a continent or the world is defined: (RIHS)
● Endemic
● Epizootic
● Epidemic
● Pandemic*
● Sporadic
1293. An adult man of 36 years weighing 90kg, height 1.75m and BMI of 35 According to
classification of adult BMI, he falls in the category of: (RIHS)
● Normal
● Obese class II*
● Obese class I
● Pre obese
● Underweight
1294. The high-risk group of women considered more appropriate for screening of Diabetes
Mellitus include: (RIHS)
● Have a family history of lactose intolerance
● Those who are anemic
● Women having history of baby more than 3.5 kg*
● Women with excessive weight loss during pregnancy
● Underweight at first antenatal visit
1295. In prevention of Coronary Heart Disease strategy focusing mainly on the control of
underlying causes (risk factors) in whole population is called: (RIHS)
● High risk strategy
● Screening
● Rehabilitation
1296. The present strategy to screen women for cervical cancer, an accepted clinical practice
that can be more cost effective is: (RIHS)
● Pap Smear*
● Pelvic Examination
● VIA
● Ultrasound
● P/v examination
1297. In the international accepted four color code system of triage adopted in mass
emergencies the color green indicates: (RIHS)
● Ambulatory patients*
● Dead patients
● High priority treatment
● Medium priority
● Transfer
1298. A program of long term developmental activities to strengthened the capacity and
capability of a country to manage efficiently all types of emergencies is termed as: (RIHS)
● Disaster Planning
● Disaster Policy
● Disaster Preparedness*
● Disaster Response
1299. A management technique considering the economic benefits of any program
compared with the cost of that program when benefits are expressed in monetary terms is
called: (RIHS)
● Cost Accounting
● Cost Benefit analysis*
● Cost Effective analysis
● Input Output Analysis
● System Analysis
1300. In the health field all health services activities which consume resources (man, money,
material and time) are referred as: (RIHS)
● Accounting
● Cost
● Input*
● Output
● Plan
1301. The Manpower, Money Material, Skills, Knowledge and techniques needed or
available for implementation of health programme implies to the term: (RIHS)
● Formulated plan
● Goals
● Objectives
● Priorities
● Resources*
1302. Patient presenting in the Medical OPD with the history of irritant cough, dyspnea on
exertion and pain in chest. X-ray chest show Snowstorm appearance in the lung field, the
associated condition is: (RIHS)
● Asbestosis
● Byssinosis
● Farmer's lung
● Lead poisoning
● Silicosis*
1303. The greater source of environmental (non-Occupational) lead in developing countries
is: (RIHS)
● Glass Manufacturer
● Gasoline*
● Metal Grinders
● Paint industries
● Sand Blasting
1304. Pneumoconiosis is a health hazard produced after a variable exposure to the dust with
the size range of: (RIHS)
● 4-7 microns
● 8-11 microns
● 0.5-3 micron*
● 12-14 micron
● 15-17 micron
1305. The accepted standard for floor area for 2 persons is: (RIHS)
● 90 Sq.ft
● 10 Sq.ft
● 110 Sq.ft*
● 120 Sq.ft
● 130 Sq.ft
1306. Regarding WHO recommendation that within any country the term still birth be
applied to a fetus born dead after 28 weeks of gestation weighing: (RIHS)
● 250 grams
● 500 grams
● 1000 grams*
● 1500 grams
● 2000 grams
1307. Precipitation is the collective term used for snow, hail, dew, frost and all forms of
water precipitate from the atmosphere measured by: (RIHS)
● Globe thermometer
● Hygrometer
● Kata thermometer
● Rain Gauge*
● Silver thermometer
1308. In MCH indicators the term Perinatal Mortality includes both still births and: (RIHS)
● Child deaths
● Early neonatal deaths*
● Infant deaths
● Late neonatal deaths
● Maternal deaths
1309. The single most common cause accounting for all maternal deaths is: (RIHS)
● Abortion
● Anemia
● Gestational Diabetes
● Hypertension
● Obstructed Labor*
1310. The energy value for human milk is: (RIHS)
● 30 Kcal per 100mlb
● 40 Kcal per 100ml
● 70 Kcal per 100ml*
1311. In prenatal screening for congenital anomalies, detection of alpha-fetoprotein is most
likely associated with the diagnosis of: (RIHS)
● Down syndrome
● Fallot tetralogy
● Neural tube defects*
● Rh -Incompatibility
● Rubella infection
1312. For removal of risk of unplanned pregnancy 100%effective method of contraception is:
(RIHS)
● Condom
● IUCD
● Vaginal Diaphragm
● Oral Pills*
● Vaginal suppositories
1313. The population pyramid representing the male and female population in different
frequencies is an example of: (RIHS)
● Give
● Line Diagram
● Histogram*
● Pie chart
1314. In summer the sale of ice creams rises and this data is expressed in: (RIHS)
● Regression*
● Line Diagram
● Histogram
● Pie Chart
1315. Pakistan's ranks among the high burden countries having Tuberculosis in the world:
(RIHS)
● 1st
● 2nd
● 3rd
● 4th
● 5th *
1316. In EMRO region among the high MDR cases Pakistan ranks: (RIHS)
● 2nd
● 3rd
● 4th *
● 5th
● 6th
1317. The New EPI schedule recommends the birth dose of Hepatitis B vaccine with in
following maximum hours: (RIHS)
● Hours
● 06 hours
● 12hours
● 18 hours
● 24 hours*
1318. The EPI Schedule recommends the 1 dose of measles vaccine within following months:
(RIHS)
● 01
● 03
● 06
● 09*
● 18
1319. The EPI Schedule recommends the 1 dose Pentavalent vaccine within following weeks:
(RIHS)
● 01
● 03
● 06*
● 09
● 18
1320. To obtain optimal antibody production for protection, the gap between two doses of
DPT should be: (RIHS)
● 2 weeks
● 4 weeks*
● 6 weeks
● 8 weeks
● 10 weeks
1321. In small camps the easy method of solid waste disposal is: (RIHS)
● Burial
● Dumping*
● Incineration
● Manure pit
● Composting
1322. In small camps the safest method of solid dry waste disposal is: (RIHS)
● Burial*
● Dumping
● Incineration
● Manure pit
● Composting
1323. The first serological marker of acute Hepatitis B to appear: (RIHS)
● HBsAg*
● AntiHbs
● AntiHBc
● HBEAE
● AntiHBe
1324. The persistent carrier state in Hepatitis B is defined as the HBsAg present in blood for
longer than: (RIHS)
● 03 months
● 06 months
● 09 months*
● 12 months
● 15 months
1325. Chronic carriers in Typhoid are due to Salmonella typhi: (RIHS)
● Stomach
● Gall bladder*
● Duodenum
● Liver
● Pancreas
1326. The average number of years an individual of a given age is expected to live if current
mortality rates continue" is called: (RIHS)
● Net fertility
● General fertility
● Case fertility
● Reproduction rate
1327. When the population is expressed in terms of females and males then it is called:
(RIHS)
● General Fertility rate
● Net reproductive rate
● Life expectancy
● Sex ratio*
● Vital index
1328. Screening Test must give consistent results when repeated more than once on the
same individual or material under the same condition is termed as: (RIHS)
● Simplicity
● Specificity
● Sensitivity
● Reliability*
● Yield
1329. In expanded program of immunization IPV is given at: (RIHS)
● 06 week
● 08 week
● 10 weeks
● 12 weeks
● 14 weeks*
1330. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a communicable viral disease caused by
strain of: (RIHS)
● Coronavirus*
● Influenza virus
● Paramyxovirus
● Toga virus
● Varicella virus
1331. The natural history of disease is best established in: (RIHS)
● Case control studies
● Cross sectional studies
● Cohort studies*
● Community trials
1332. Any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological or anatomical structure or
function is defined as: (RIHS)
● Disability
● Disorder
● Handicap
● Impairment*
● Limitation
1333. Due to antigenic variation Influenza Pandemic are known to occur at interval of: (RIHS)
OR
1334. Influenza pandemics occur at intervals of: (RIHS)

● 3-6 years
● 7-10 years*
● 11-14 years
● 15-18 years
● 19-22 years
1335. A well of contaminated water located in the community with 5000 of population is an
example of: (RIHS)
● Point source epidemic*
● Modern epidemic
● Continuous source epidemic
● Slow epidemic
1336. The disease spread by drop let nuclei: (RIHS)
● Shingles
● Herpes zoster
● Rubella
● Syphilis
● Tuberculosis*
1337. Limitation of freedom of movements of well person or domestic animals exposed to
communicable disease for period of time longer than incubation period is: (RIHS)
● Control
● Isolation
● Limitation
● Prevention
● Quarantine*
1338. The recommended booster dose of Typhoid vaccine in children and highrisk
population in Typhoid endemic areas is every: (RIHS)
● 01 year
● 02 years
● 03 years*
● 04 years
● 05 years
1339. Validated process used to render a product free of all forms of viable microorganism
including bacterial pores is: (RIHS)
● Cleaning
● Disinfectant
● Disinfection
● Sanitation
● Sterilization*
1340. For most notifiable STD's the highest rate of incidence are observed in the age group
of: (RIHS)
● 15-19 years
● 20-24 years*
● 25-29 years
● 30-34 years
● 35-39 years
1341. Globally the leading cause of severe dehydrating diarrhea in children less than 5 years
of age is: (RIHS)
● E-coli
● Rotarvirus*
● Rubella virus
● Salmonellae
● Vibrio cholerae
1342. Measurement of physical dimension are used to assess the growth and nutritional
status either of individuals or communities referred as: (RIHS)
● Anthropometric assessment*
● Biochemical assessment
● Clinical assessment
● Dietary assessment
● Ecological assessment
1343. The venom of Cobra effects mainly on: (RIHS)
● CNS*
● GIT
● Skeleton
● Respiratory
● Urinary
1344. Quantitative diagnostic measure classifying patient as diseased or disease free on the
basis of whether they fall above, or below selected value is called: (RIHS)
● Cut off value*
● Sensitivity
● Standard error
● Range
● Yield
1345. Statistician received the data of under-five children presenting with diarrhea admitted
to Pediatric ward for last one month. He divided ages into groups called: (RIHS)
● Frequency
● Class interval*
● Parameter
● Table
● Variable
1346. The average number of children a woman would have if she was to pass through her
reproductive years bearing children at same rate as the women now in each group is: (RIHS)
● Child women ratio
● Marriage rate
● Pregnancy rate
● Total fertility rate*
1347. Pakistan is the 6 most populous country in the world with highest population growth
rate in 2018 of: (RIHS)
● 1.49%
● 1.73%
● 1.93%*
● 2.10%
● 2.29%
1348. A child less than 02 months of age presenting in OPD with fever and cough. On
examination the child has fast breathing and chest in drawing. WHO guidelines classify the
child as: (RIHS)
● Cold
● Cough
● Needs referral
● No pneumoniae
● Severe pneumonia*
1349. The disorder mainly associated with deficiency of mental and deafness is associated
with following mineral: (RIHS)
● Calcium
● Iodine*
● Iron
● Selenium
● Fluoride
1350. The Health care associated with the provision of preventive and curative is defined as:
(RIHS)
● Primary health care
● Secondary health care
● Public health cared
● Tertiary health care
● Comprehensive health care*
1351. A study is being conducted on maternal mortality in Rawalpindi district. There are
more death in women ought to hospital Without considering other factors it is discovered that
hospital managed cases have more mortality as compared to home deliveries. What type of
association is this? (YMDC)
● Indirect
● Direct
● Spurious*
● Coherent
● causal
1352. A bias is a systemic error which distort the results, which is of particular concern in
case-control studies? (YMDC)
● information bias
● recall bias*
● misclassification bias
● interviewers bias
● Niemen's bias
1353. The researcher calculated the relative risk between smoking and lung cancer which
turned out 4; what will be the interpretation of RR=4? (YMDC)
● Smokers have 4% greater risk of getting lung cancer as compared to non-smokers
● Smokers have 4% greater chances of lung cancer as compared to non-smokers
● Smokers have 4 times greater risk of lung cancer as compared to non-smokers*
● Smokers have 4 times greater chances of lung cancer as compared to non-smokers
● Smokers gets 4 times more chances of lung cancer than nonsmokers
1354. The birth weights in a hospital are to be presented in a graphical form. The best way
to do so is; (YMDC)
● Bar diagram
● Pie chart
● Histogram*
● Pictogram
● Frequency chart
1355. The means by which the investigator avoids introducing bias into the Process of
allocating individuals to the experimental or study groups is called. (YMDC)
● Mixing
● Matching
● sampling
● randomization*
● binding
1356. The following study gives incidence rate of a disease: (YMDC)
● Cohort study*
● Case control Study
● Cross-sectional
● randomized controlled trail
1357. When a new treatment is developed that delays deaths but dues do not produce
recovery from a chronic disease, which of the following will occur. (YMDC)
● Prevalence of the discase will decrease
● incidence of the discase will increase
● Prevalence of the disease will increase
● Incidence of the disease will decrease*
● incidence & prevalence of the disease will decrease
1358. Normal distribution curve depends on: (YMDC)
● Mean and sample
● Mean and medium
● Mean und mode
● Mean and standard deviation*
● Mean and standard error
1359. A patient presented to you with history of chronic cough, progressive shortness of
breath and chest pain. He previously worked in glass factory for about 20 years, where he
used to handle/ mix raw materials. There is nothing significant in his family/ past history.
Which of the below diagnosis matches his clinical presentation? (YMDC)
● Asbestosis
● Silicosis*
● Byssinosis
● Anthracosis
● Bagasosis
1360. Midyear population refers to population as on. (YMDC)
st
● 1 January
● 31st March
● 1st July*
● 31st October
● 1st December
1361. When an investigator wants to determine time severity of the disease, he is
calculating: (YMDC)
● Discase specific mortality rate
● Time specific morality rate
● Attack rate
1362. The curve shown in the picture depicts. (YMDC)
● Normal distribution
● Binodal distribution
● Polymodal distribution
● Positively skewed distribution
● Negatively skewed distribution*
1363. A researcher to conduct the research on HIV AIDS and he wants to collect data from IV
drug abusers which sampling technique he would prefer. (YMDC)
● Convenient
● Judgmental
● Random
● Snowball*
● Stratified
1364. A researcher wants to conduct a study on trends of smoking habit amongst college
students belong to different social classes of Rawalpindi, in this example which one is
dependent variable? (YMDC)
● Social class*
● Smoking habits
● College students
● Rawalpindi
● Elects
1365. During analysis of data a researcher wants to find out the association between
education of mother and Breastfeeding statistical test will be applied in this particular
practices, which of the following scenario? (YMDC)
● T-test
● Chi-square*
● Z-test
● ANOVA
1366. Both Temporary and harness can be removed by: (RIHS)
● Boiling
● permutit process*
1367. The vital layer in a slow sand filter act by:
● Holding black bacteria*
● Controls the growth of algae
● Kills pathogenic bacteria
● Masking taste and odour
1368. The disinfectant action of chlorine is mainly due to:
● Chloride atom
● Chloride ion
● hypochlorous acid*
● Chlorate ion
1369. In a community identification of high-risk patients for coronary heart disease and
prevention of risk factors is. (RIHS)
● Selective screening*
● Mass screening
● Prescriptive screening
1370. Sensitivity and specificity are two measures of validity of a screening test. If we say
that a test has 95% specificity that would mean that: (RIHS)
● 95% of diseased persons screened would give false negative result.
● 5% of diseased persons screened would give true positive result
● 95% of non-diseased persons screen would give a true negative result*
● 5% of non- diseased persons screened would give a true negative result
1371. Screening is the search for undiagnosed, undetected cases, & carriers of disease by
rapidly applying tests and procedures, In the interpretation of a screening test if the cutoff
point is raised, one of the following will occur. (RIHS)
OR
1372. In the interpretation of a screening test if the cutoff point is raised, one of the
following will occur. (RIHS)
● Sensitivity increases and specificity decreases
● Sensitivity and specificity both will Increase*
● Sensitivity and specificity both will decrease
● Sensitivity and specificity will remain the same
1373. Detection of high blood pressure and serum albumin in all young primigravida
reporting to MCHC is. (RIHS)
● Mass screening
● High risk screening
● Multi-phasic screening*
● Opportunistic screening
● Periodical screening
1374. In demographic cycle "Late Expanding" stage is: (RIHS)
● Stage 1
● Stage 2
● Stage 3*
● Stage 4
● Stage 5
1375. In Pakistan crude Birth rate is 33 and crude death rate is 7 per 1000. The growth rate
of the country is: (RIHS)
● 0.70%
● 1.70%*
● 2.70%
● 3.70%
● 4.70%
1376. Dependency ratio is the proportion of economically dependents to economically
independents and is calculated to be 68 for Pakistan. In calculating the dependency ratio
numerator is expressed as: (RIHS)
● Population under 10 years and 60 years and above
● Population under 15 years and 65 years and above*
1377. For calculating population of a community at specific time period the most important
factor which must be known is: (RIHS)
● Crude Birth Rate
● General fertility Rate
● Net reproduction Rate
● Contraceptive prevalence Rate
● Growth Rate*
1378. Early expanding stage in demographic cycle is characterized by: (RIHS)
● Declining birth rate, declining death rate
● Low birth rate, declining death rate
● High death rate, high birth rate
● Unchanged birth rate, declining deathrate*
● Negative growth rate
1379. If the thread of intrauterine contraceptive device is not visible in the vagina associated
with lower abdominal pain and foul-smelling discharge; the management should be: (RIHS)
● Reassurance and multivitamins
● Reassurance and analgesics
● Reassurance and antibiotics
● Removal of IUCD and analgesic
● Removal of IUCD and antibiotics*
1380. Regarding provision of family planning services, we have to differentiate between
eligible couples and target couples. Which of the following statement correctly defines the
term eligible couple? (RIHS)
● A couple having two living children
● A couple having two female issues
● A couple having one male and two female issues
● A couple with wife in the productive age group 15-45 years*
● A couple who is ready to undergo sterilization
1381. For an adult young working man, the daily requirement of protein/kg body weight is:
(RIHS)
● 1 gm
● 2 gm
● 1.5 gm*
● 2.5gms
● 3gms
1382. If a child presents with protein energy malnutrition, showing signs of loss of
subcutaneous fat and weight reduction. The level of prevention suggested at this point is:
(RIHS)
● Early diagnosis prompt treatment*
● Disability limitation & rehabilitation
1383. You want to determine nutritional status of adults in a large population. Which of the
following methods would be MOST useful and economical for you? (RIHS)
● Conducting a dietary survey
● Measuring height and a weight*
● Measuring serum Hemoglobin
● Measuring serum Iron
● Measuring serum ferritin
1384. A 40 years man comes to a physician for his routine checkup. His serum Triglyceride
level was found raised and he was diagnosed hypertensive. The causative agent of disease is:
(RIHS)
● Physical
● Chemical
● Biological
● Nutritional*
● Mechanical
1385. Neonatal tetanus in newborns of unvaccinated mothers is best prevented by: (RIHS)
● Antibiotics to the mothers
● ATS serum to the mother
● Immunoglobulins to the newborn*
● Tetanus toxoids to the mothers
● Tetanus toxoid to the newborn
1386. WHO recommendations of TT vaccine for reproductive age group is comprised of
following doses: (RIHS)
● 1 dose
● 2 doses
● 3 doses
● 4 doses
● 5 doses*
1387. Antenatal care is the care of mother in pregnancy. Its objective is to achieve at the end
of pregnancy a healthy mother and a healthy baby & to detect high risk cases and give them
special attention One of the following is not included in the list of high risk pregnancy. (RIHS)
● Elderly Primigravida
● Third multigravida*
● Preeclampsia
● Malpresentation
● Twin pregnancy
1388. WHO has devised four pillars for safe motherhood, which rests on the foundation of
equity for woman and should be delivered through primary health care, One of these is not
included in those interventions: (RIHS)
● Essential obstetric Care
● Emergency obstetric care*
● Clean and safe delivery
● Antenatal care
● Family planning
1389. Maternal mortality is death of woman while pregnant or within 42 days of
termination of pregnancy from any cause related to pregnancy or its complications, but not
from accidental or incidental causes. In your opinion which of the following is main the cause
of maternal mortality: (RIHS)
● Abortions
● Hemorrhage*
● Infections
● Eclampsia
● Sepsis
1390. Regarding breast feeding, WHO recommends exclusive breast feeding for all
newborns? In your opinion duration of exclusive breastfeeding would include: (RIHS)
● 1 month
● 3 months
● 1-6 months*
● 9-10 months
● 12 months
1391. Under five clinics are functioning with the aim of providing promotive, preventive &
curative services for children under years of age. One of the following is not tlie objective of
under five clinics. (RIHS)
● Care in illness
● Immunization
● Non formal education for preschool children*
● Nutritional surveillance
1392. Causative agent of malaria is: (HBS)
● Culex mosquito
● Female anopheles’ mosquito
● Aedes mosquito
● Plasmodium*
● Male anopheline mosquito
1393. Artificial collections of water are a breeding medium for: (HBS)
● Aedes*
● Mansonia
● Anopheles
● Culex
● b and c
1394. 10 years old boy was brought to a rural health center with probable history of snake
bite 12 hours back. On examination of the wound, multiple small, punctured lesions with a
mild swelling were observed; no other local & systemic signs of envenomation were found,
but the patient was very anxious. The management for this emergency is: (HBS)
● Polyvalent anti-snake venom serum
● Reassurance*
● Antibiotics
● Tourniquet
● Anti-rabies vaccine
1395. The ability of an individual to form harmonious relations with others and to
participate in, or contribute to changes in the social and physical environment is called: (HBS)
● Vocational health
● Social health
● Spiritual health
● Mental health*
● Physical health
1396. To treat and rehabilitate an addict needs a comprehensive approach. Special units
established to fulfill this requirement are: (HBS)
● Welfare units
● Medical units
● Occupational training unit
● Educational unit*
● Management unit
1397. Use of this drug does not show any tolerance (HBS)
● Cannabis
● Hallucinogens
● Cocaine*
● Amphetamines
● Alcohol
1398. Any substance that when taken into the living organism may modify one or more of its
functions is called: (HBS)
● Compound
● Base
● Drug*
● Salt
● Molecule
1399. Tobacco use is associated with all of the following cancers except: (HBS)
● Bladder
● Brain*
● Pancreas
● Pharynx
● Lungs
1400. A 40 years old man was brought to hospital by his brother for gastritis. He also
reported his brother's dependence on a substance. On examination he had signs of peripheral
neuropathy and cirrhosis of liver. The likely abused substance is: (HBS)
● Heroin
● Alcohol*
● Tobacco
● Cocaine
● Caffeine
1401. A patient presented to a psychiatrist showing minor mental changes. He stated that
he experienced rebound lowering in mood in the absence of the drug that he had been taking
for constant mental stimulation. The likely drug which he had been taking is: (HBS)
● Benzodiazepines
● Heroine
● Methadone
● Morphine
● Amphetamines*
1402. Self-administration of drugs for non-medical reason in frequency and quantities that
may impair an individual's ability to function effectively and may result in physical, social and
emotional harm is best defined as: (HBS)
● Drug abuse*
● Drug dependence
● Drug tolerance
● Drug addiction
● Hang over effect
1403. Which of the following is not a feature of Marasmus? (HBS)
● Muscle wasting
● Irritability
1404. An occupational worker presented with complaints of exertional dyspnea. He gave
history of being in an industry dealing with spare parts such as gas kit and brakes. His X-ray
chest showed a ground glass appearance /honey combing in the lower two thirds of the Lung
fields. The likely condition that he suffers from is: (HBS)
● Anthracosis
● Silicosis
● Asbestosis*
● Siderosis
● Baggassosis
1405. In Pakistan about 50% population is illiterate and smoking is mostly prevalent among
the poor. Government has started giving pictorial warnings instead of written, to have a
greater impact of health education on people: This strategy is more focused on: (HBS)
● Message
● Receiver
● Sender
● Channel*
● Planning
1406. Which type of disks are most recommended for school children (HBS)
● Plus desks
● Minus desks*
● Zero desks
● Steel desks
● Wooden desks
1407. Contra indication for hormonal contraceptives is (HBS)
● Diabetes
● Fever
● CA cervix*
● Obesity
● COPD
1408. The hazard of copper T (HBS)
● Vaginal discharge
● Constipation
● Expulsion
● Perforation of Uterus*
● UTI
1409. Presence of Pseudo membrane is the cardinal sign of (HBS)
● Mumps
● Diphtheria*
● Follicular tonsillitis
● Measles
● Rubella
1410. Quantitative data is best presented by: (HBS)
● Histogram*
● Pie chart
● Component bar chart
1411. Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for: (HBS)
● Ischemic heart disease
● Lung cancer
● b and c*
● a, b and c.
1412. In an International TRIAGE system of emergency care, the colour RED signifies: (HBS)
● Ambulatory patients
● Medium priority treatment/ transfer
● Dead/ moribund patients
● Low priority treatment/ transfer
● High priority treatment/ transfer*
1413. The definition "An unexpected, unplanned occurrence which may involve injury"
refers to: (HBS)
● Hazard
● Accident*
● Disaster
● Catastrophe
● Calamity
1414. Malaria is a disease transmitted to man by vector transmission. Vector of Malaria is:
(HBS)
● Male Aedes aegypti mosquito-
● Female Aedes aegypti mosquito
● Female anopheline mosquito*
● Male anopheline mosquito
● Housefly
1415. Which of the following diseases can be called an "arbovirus" infection? (HBS)
● Filariasis
● Flu Malaria
● Dengue Fever*
● German Measles
1416. One of the following is NOT a characteristic of good meat: (HBS)
● deep purple tint*
● firm to touch
● elastic to touch
● should not be slimy
● an agreeable odour
1417. Prevalence of TB infection in a community is estimated by: (HBS)
● Tuberculin test*
● Sputum microscopy
● Chest X-ray
● Sputum culture
1418. Aim of BCG vaccination in newborn is to: (HBS)
● Provide immediate active immunity
● Protect against tubercular meningitis
● Decrease incidence of skeletal tuberculosis
1419. For every case of polio, the estimated number of subclinical cases is: (HBS)
● 10
● 50
● 500
● 700*
● 1000
1420. Dengue epidemics are increasing because of: (HBS)
● Growing urban population
● inadequate water management
● Erosion of vector control programme
1421. The malarial parasite with widest distribution throughout the world is: (HBS)
● P.vivax
● P.falciparum*
● P.ovale
● Anopheles
● P.malariae
1422. Best prophylaxis of rabies in exposed person is offered by: (HBS)
● Vaccination
● Vaccination and immunoglobulin*
● Immunoglobulin
● Killing rabid dog
● Local cauterization of wound
1423. Which of the following deformities occur in leprosy? (HBS)
● Facies leonine*
● Gynecomastia
● Ciliary madarosis
● Depressed nose
● All of the above
1424. Prevention of emergence of risk factors to prevent cardiovascular disease is called:
(HBS/IMDC)
1425. Health is
● Uni- dimensional phenomenon
● Bi- dimensional phenomenon
● Tri- dimensional phenomenon
● Quadric- dimensional phenomenon
● Multi- dimensional phenomenon*
1426. Continuous scrutiny of factors that determine the occurrence and distribution of
disease and other conditions of ill health is:
● Monitoring
● Surveillance*
● Disease control
● System analysis
● Evaluation
1427. Prevention of emergence or development of risk factor is a type of
● Screening
● Mass treatment
1428. Essential health care made universally accessible to all individuals in a community
through full participation of its members by means that are acceptable to them and at a cost
that the community and the country can afford is PHC, which of the following is not included
in the principles of PHC.
● Equity
● Intersectoral approach
● International coordination*
1429. Health is defined as complete state of physical, mental and social wellbeing and not
merely the absence of disease or infirmity. It also encompasses spiritual, environmental and
economical elements. How many dimensional phenomena the health will be?
● Uni- dimensional phenomenon
● Bi- dimensional phenomenon
● Tri- dimensional phenomenon
● Quadric- dimensional phenomenon
● Multi- dimensional phenomenon
1430. In order to provide information about the new and changing trends in the health
status of the population a continuous scrutiny of factors that determine the occurrence and
distribution of disease and other conditions of ill health in a community is carried out by
public health specialists. What this process is known as?
● Monitoring
● Surveillance
● Disease control
● System analysis
● Evaluation
1431. Eating healthy diet and doing regular exercise is recommended to prevent the
emergence or development of risk factors for CHD and Diabetes. Which type of prevention it
is;
● Screening
● Mass treatment
1432. World Health Day is celebrated every year on 7th April with a different theme each
year. Which theme is given by WHO for 2015?
● Make every mother and child count
● Working together for health
● Reducing risk – promoting health life
● Shaping the future
● High blood pressure
1433. The term resource is widely used in health planning and management. The resources
can be wasted if there is no proper planning. For effective management there are many
important resources which are required. Which one of the following is single most important
resource for health planning?
● Manpower*
● Money
● Time
● Material
● Method
1434. Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) in Pakistan annually targets children
below one year of age and protects against many infectious diseases. How many vaccine
preventable diseases EPI targets?
● 5 vaccine preventable diseases
● 6 vaccine preventable diseases*
1435. BCG is an integral part of the national childhood immunization programme, which
protects against pulmonary tuberculosis. What is the dose of BCG for neonates?
● 0.05ml
● 0.1ml*
● 0.5ml
● 1 ml
1436. In our community coronary heart disease (CHD) and Diabetes are emerging public
health problem which needs early diagnosis and prompt treatment. For early identification of
individuals which one of the following is the most economical method of screening?
● Mass screening
● Prescriptive screening
● High risk screening
● Multi phasic screening
1437. If the community is aware of its health and welfare and take part actively in different
health education and promotion activities, it is known as;
● Community awareness
● Community orientation
● Community planning
● Community administration
1438. Health for all by 2000 means a level of health which enables a person to;
● Be avoid of disease in future
● Lead happy and satisfied life
● Have no disabilities
● Lead a socially and economically productive life
1439. The National Health Survey of Pakistan (NHSP) conducted during 1990 to 1994
highlighted the magnitude of the burden of hypertension in Pakistan. Hypertension was
shown to affect 18% of adults >15 years and 33% of adults 45 years; however, 3% had their BP
controlled to 140/90 mm Hg or below. What is the most appropriate tool to screen high risk
population for hypertension in the community?
● ECG
● BP measurement*
● Lipid profile
● Chest x ray
● 24 hrs urine albumin
1440. Health education is very important and useful tool in raising awareness and promoting
health lifestyle amongst the community. School children are the best target population for
inculcating healthy behaviors at the earlier stage of life. Which of the following method is
most effective educational devise for school children?
● Lectures
● Group discussions
● Demonstrations
● Role plays
● Stimulation exercises
1441. While setting up a health plan which is the most logical arrangement of events,
keeping in mind the Donabedian’s Model approach?
● Input – Structure-budget
● Output – outcome – impact
● Material- output- feedback
● Input – process – output*
● Money – structure – input
1442. When a patient comes late in pathogenesis phase the objective of intervention is to
prevent transition of disease process. If there is any loss of abnormality of anatomic,
physiological or psychological structure or function it is known as?
● Injury
● Accident
● Disability
● Handicap
● Impairment
1443. A 35 years old farmer living in a village suffering from chills, high grade fever and
vomiting. Which of the following level of health care he should approach? (RIHS)
● BHU*
● RHC
● THQ
● DHQ
● Teaching hospital
1444. Maintenance of cold chain is very important in vaccination process. Cold chain is the
name given to the system of transporting and storing vaccines within the safe temperature
range. What is recommended temperature range for maintenance of cold chain?
● 2-4°C
● 2-6°C
● 2-8°C*
● 2-10°C
● 2-18°C
1445. Genetic counseling is;
● Early diagnosis & treatment
● Rehabilitation
1446. The period of time necessary for the development of the disease agent in the
arthropod host is called as: (HBS)
● Latent period
● Period of reproduction
● Intrinsic incubation period
● Extrinsic incubation period*
1447. A 50years old man comes to OPD for Annual executive medical check up. Physical
examination reveals BP >150/90mmHg, pulse of 80/min. He is obese, and has a known history
of smoking for 15 years. Social History reveals that he has sedentary life style and inadequate
physical activity status. He is Charter Accountant by profession and works in a stressful
environment. Which of the following is MOST important modifiable risk factor for primary
prevention for CAD in this subject?
● Age
● Obesity
● Physical inactivity
● Environmental stress
● Smoking*
1448. A 9-year-old boy, is being followed-up regularly after rheumatic fever. He now has
tooth decay requiring treatment. What action should be taken prior to treatment?
● Hospital admission
● Chest X-ray
● Echocardiography
● Prophylactic antibiotics*
● Pneumococcal vaccination
1449. Polio is a
● Water borne disease*
● Fomite borne infection
● Contagious illness
● Water washed disease
● Aerosol transmitted
1450. A 30-year-old schoolteacher comes for annual health checkup. His Mantoux test is
done to screen him for tuberculosis. At which level would you call his Mantoux test positive?
● > 5 mm
● > 8 mm
● > 10 mm*
● >12 mm
● > 15 mm
1451. International certificate of the following vaccine is required to travel Saudi Arabia?
● Cholera
● Typhoid
● Yellow fever
● Diphtheria
● Meningococcal meningitis*
1452. A 5 Years old boy is bitten by a stray dog. One of the following is the correct
management plan?
● Antirabies serum, suturing of wound, TT
● Antirabies serum, suturing of wound, Vaccine
● Antirabies Vaccine, leave wound open,TT, Antirabies serum*
● Vaccine, leave wound open
● Wound cleansing & watchful waiting
1453. Cement industry worker reported to you with complaints of cough, dyspnoea on
exertion, chest pain. His X- ray showed snow storm appearance in the lung fields. The
diagnosis would be:
● Asbestosis
● Siderosis
● Silicosis*
● Aspergillosis
● Byssinosis
1454. A Person aged 40 who had been working as a laborer in the sugar cane industry for the
past 25 years presented with repeated attacks of respiratory infections in the last one year. X-
ray showed pulmonary fibrosis. The likely diagnosis would be: (HBS)
● Silicosis
● Baggasosis
● Byssinosis
1455. Measurement of corpoporphyrin in urine is a useful screening test for assessing
exposure to:
● Iron
● Tin
● Lead*
● Asbestos
● Tobacco
reported to you with complaints of loss of appetite and abdominal colic of 2 weeks duration.
You would prefer to investigate him for:
● Cholecystitis
● Lead poisoning*
● Appendicitis
● Ameobiasis
● Stomach cancer
1457. Clinical symptoms appear when the level of lead is more than:
● 25 ug/ 100ml
● 50 ug/ 100ml
● 70 ug/ 100ml*
● 100 ug/ 100ml
● 120 ug/ 100ml
1458. All are common signs and symptoms of lead poisoning except for one:
● Foot drop
● Sensory changes
● Stippling and punctate basophillia
● Spongy gums*
● Teeth mottling
1459. A person aged 50, who had been working as a laborer in grain market for the last 25
years presented with history of repeated attacks of respiratory infections in the last 1 year. X
ray showed pulmonary fibrosis. The likely diagnosis was:
● Tuberculosis
● Silicosis
● Baggassosis
1460. A person aged 45 who had been working as a laborer in the sugar cane industry for the
past 25 years presented with repeated attacks of respiratory infections in the last one year. X-
ray showed pulmonary fibrosis. The likely diagnosis would be:
● Silicosis
● Farmer’s lung
● Baggasosis
● Byssinosis
1461. Which of the following is not a complication of chronic asbestos exposure:
● Asbestosis
● Bronchogenic carcinoma
● Pleural mesothelioma
● Peritoneal mesothelioma
● Peripheral neuropathy*
1462. Persons suffering from silicosis are more prone to develop:
● Brucellosis
● Asbestosis
● Leptospirosis
● Tuberculosis*
● Psychosis
1463. Most common site for occupational cancers is :
● Lungs
● Bladder
● Bone marrow
● Liver
● Skin*
reported to you with complaints of lost appetite and abdominal colic of 2 weeks duration. You
would prefer to investigate him for:
● Cholecystitis
● Lead poisoning*
● Appendicitis
● Ameobiasis
● Stomach cancer
1465. Which of the following disease is more common in rural areas in the agriculturists who
are mainly dependent on farming in the fields?
● Chronic bronchitis
● Lung Cancer
● Zoonotic diseases*
● Drug dependence
● Acute Respiratory Tract Infections
1466. The cancer seen in aniline industry or with aromatic amines is:
● Skin cancer
● Lung cancer
● Cancer bladder*
● Cancer rectum
● Cancer kidney
1467. X-ray chest shows ground glass appearance in lower two-thirds of lung in: (YMDC)
● Anthracosis
● Silicosis
● Asbestosis*
● Farmer’s lung
● Bagassosis
1468. For Pneumoconiosis following is true:-
● Byssinosis is due to inhalation of cotton fiber dust*
● Anthracosis is due to inhalation of iron dust
● Bagassosis is due to inhalation of coal dust
● Silicosis is due to inhalation of hay particles
● Siderosis is due to inhalation of sugarcane fibres
1469. Which of the following is responsible for over half of all deaths from unintentional
injuries?
● Drowning
● Motor vehicle crashes*
● Poisoning
● Firearm injuries
● Air Crashes
1470. Majority of the mortality by road traffic accidents can be saved by:
● Seat belts*
● Safety helmets
● Leather clothing
● Goggles
● New tyres
1471. A farmer of rural Punjab reports to a medical officer in the month of August with the
complaints of fever, severe headache, anorexia, weakness, prostration, arthralgia, weakness
and rash. The doctor noticed petechiae and blood examination shows leucopenia. The
probable diagnosis is:-
● Malaria
● Classic dengue fever*
● Typhoid
● Chicken pox
● Meningococcal meningitis
1472. Bagassosis is due to inhalation of:-
● Sugar cane fibers*
● Sand particles
● Cotton fibers dust
● Tobacco particles
● Jute particles
1473. Anthrax is a disease caused by:
● Inhalation of coal dust
● Inhalation of silica
● Inhalation of spores*
● Inhalation of a virus
● Inhalation of iron dust
1474. Persistent exposure to dust in an industrial environment can cause an occupational
disease called Pneumoconiosis. The major factor involved in the development of
Pneumoconiosis is:
● Size of dust*
● Density of dust
● Shape of aerosol
● Volume of each respiration
● Thresh hold limits values
1475. Arc welding workers may suffer from a condition called as Arc Eye. The Arc Eye is
associated with exposure to:
● Ultraviolet rays*
● Infra-red rays
● Microwaves
● Lasers
● Ionizing radiations
1476. A process in which diminution of biological potential of land occurs which can lead to
deserts and complete loss of production and resources is known as:
● Deforestation
● Forest degradation
● Soil erosion
● Soil sedimentation
● Desertification*
1477. An expert in the field of public health is required to estimate the magnitude of a
health problem. Which rate would he calculate for this?
● Incidence
● Prevalence*
● Case fatality
● Proportionate mortality
● Cause specific mortality
1478. A Study for comparing two forms of treatment for a particular disease such as new ant
malarial drugs against old ant malarial dug is an example of:
● Randomized control trial
● Uncontrolled trial
● Community trial
● Clinical trial*
● Preventive trial
1479. Complete diet histories were taken on 100 patients with prostate cancer &100 men
without prostate conditions at the same medical center. The prostate cancer cases consumed
more of their calories from fat than did the men without prostate cancer. Identify the study
design
● Cross Sectional Studies
● Case Control Studies*
● Cohort Studies
● Clinical trials
● Case series
1480. A group of 200 women using Oral Contraceptive Pills were followed for 5 years to find
out the risk of getting breast cancers. At the same time information were taken from another
group of female who were not using OCP. The findings suggest that the women who were
using OCPs at higher risk of getting breast cancer compare to those who were not. Identify the
study design
● Case Control Studies
● Cohort Studies*
● Clinical trials
● Case series
1481. A researcher assessed the impact of breast feeding on the risk of obesity and risk of
being overweight in children at the time of entry to school. The prevalence of obesity in
children who had never been breast fed was 4.5% as compared with 2.8% in breastfed
children. This type of study is called:
● Correlation
● Case report
● Cross sectional survey*
● Case control
● Cohort study
1482. In a village of 120 houses, a worker visited 30 houses to collect some information.
These 30 houses were visited as house nos. 4, 8, 12, 16 … n. The type of sampling is:
● Systematic random sampling*
● Non-random sample
● Stratified random sampling
1483. In epidemiology, study is “double blind” when. (RIHS)
● the subject knows that they belong to the control group
● the investigators do not understand the pathology of condition
● neither observer nor participant knows of the group allocation and treatment received*
● a+c
● b+c
1484. Belonging to the developing country many people could not afford health care
services and are unaware of certain medical condition they are suffering from. Only few of
them are evident to physicians and represent the tip of the iceberg. Which of the following
cases will represent the tip of the iceberg?
● Unrecognized cases*
● Carriers
● Clinical cases
● Subclinical cases
● Undiagnosed cases
1485. Screening validity can be measured by two tools sensitivity and specificity, in order to
distinguish between those who have the disease from those who do not. Which one of the
following formula stands for sensitivity of screening?
● True positive/True positive +False negative*
● True negative/False positive + True negative
● True positive/True positive +False positive
● True positive/False positive +False negative
● True negative/False negative + True negative
1486. Polio has been eradicated from the World other than 4 countries including Pakistan.
Emergence of a single case of polio in a country where polio eradication has occurred will be
called: (RIHS)
OR
1487. Emergence of a single case of polio in a country where polio eradication has occurred
will be called: (RIHS)
● Endemic
● Epidemic*
● Pandemic
● Sporadic
● Holo endemic
1488. One of the most advanced indicators currently available for expectation of life free of
disability is known as;
OR
1489. Expectation of life free of disability is: (IMDC)
● Human development index
● Park’s index
● Physical quality index
● Smith’s index
● Sullivan’s index*
1490. If the public health physician wants to assess the health status of the population of
any country which one is the most universally accepted mortality indicator to reflect the
health status of a country?
● Maternal mortality rate
● Child mortality rate
● Age-specific mortality rate
1491. It is a bias which gives false estimate of survival rates, patients seem to live longer
with the disease after it is uncovered by a screening test but actually there is no increased
survival.It is known as;
● Lead time*
● Serial interval
● Latent period
1492. The characteristic of an ideal indicator to replicate the observations whenever
conducted by different researchers is known as
● Validity
● Reliability
● Accuracy
● Efficacy
● Generalizibility
1493. In order to exclude the role of chance the p-value cut off point is determined below
which it is said to be statistically significant P-value, that is
● < 0.05*
● >0.05
● < 0.5
● >0.1
● <0.1
1494. P-value at 0.05 means Probability of chance is
● 1in 10
● 1in 15
● 1 in 20*
● 1 in 50
● 1 in 5
1495. Which of the following is a quantitative variable?
● sex.
● marital status.
● blood pressure*
● ethnicity
● blood group
1496. Following are the examples of continuous data
● height and weight,
● temperature,
● socioeconomic status
● a,b*
● a,c
1497. Which of the following is a qualitative variable?
● age
● gender*
● Hb levels
● heart rate
● weight
1498. A researcher studied the relationship between smoking and the development of lung
cancer a null hypothesis will be
● there is no difference between smokers & nonsmokers in development of lung cancer*
● there is a difference between smokers and nonsmokers in development of lung cancer
● smokers are at higher risk as compare to nonsmokers in development of lung cancer
● the difference between smokers and nonsmokers will be studied through null hypothesis
1499. HMIS is like glue holding the system together and oil keep health system running. One
of the following is not the requirement spelled by WHO for an effective HMIS.
● System should be Problem oriented
● System should be hospital based*
● System should express information briefly and imaginatively.
● System should include operational /conceptual definitions.
● System should make provisions for appropriate feedback of data.
1500. HMIS is mechanism for collection, analysis and dissemination of data for managerial
decision making. In transition phase of HMIS to DHIS. One of the following is included as a
major change in monthly report forms:
● Data on major epidemic diseases
● Data on NCDs & inpatient data of RHCs*
● Maternal and child health data
● Data on Immunization coverage
● Data on family planning
1501. The term resource is widely used in health planning and management. The resources
can be wasted if there is no proper planning. For effective management most important
resource required is:
● Manpower*
● Money
● Time
● Material
● Method
1502. Planning is the broad foundation on which much of the management is based.
Planning steps include:
● Plan formulation
● Execution
● Evaluation, execution
● Plan formulation, Execution
● Plan formulation, Execution, Evaluation*
1503. Vertical programs are donor driven and focus on a single disease. Vertical programs in
Pakistan are run by:
● Federal government*
● Provincial government
● District government
● Federal government, Provincial government
● Provincial government, District government
1504. Health Policy is intended to be a vehicle for the exploration and discussion of health
policy issues and is aimed in particular at enhancing communication between health policy
researchers, legislators, decision-makers, and professionals concerned with developing,
implementing, and analyzing health policy. There have been three health policies in Pakistan:
choose one from the following:
● 1982, 1990,1997
● 1985, 1992, 2001
● 1992, 1997, 2002
● 1990, 1997, 2001*
● 1997, 2002, 2007
1505. Road traffic injuries are amongst the leading causes of death in the world. In
prevention of traffic accidents main effective measure is:
● Licensing of drivers
● Provision of seat belts
● Inspection of vehicles periodically
● Enforcement of traffic laws*
● Medical fitness of drivers every six moths
1506. Any loss of abnormality of anatomic, physiological, or psychological structure or
function is known as:
● Injury
● Accident
● Disability
● Handicap
● Impairment*
1507. In health education programme a group of 10 people are speaking on a topic of
common interest best is called as a: (RIHS)
● Symposium*
● Workshop
● Seminar
1508. When persuasive communication is deliberately employed to manipulate feelings
attitudes and beliefs it is known as: (IMDC)
● Counseling
● Motivation
● Propaganda*
● Advising
● Raising morale
1509. Confidentiality of patient can be breached: (IMDC)
● For patient requiring invasive treatment
● Patient not listening to doctors advice
● When patient authorize to do so*
● With intention for benefit of patient
● Doctor has all rights to decide
1510. According to International commission on radiological protection (ICRP)
recommendation, radiation dose from all sources in addition to natural background radiation
should not exceed: (IMDC)
● 1 rem/year
● 3 rems/year
● 5 rems/30 years*
● 15rems/ 10 years
● 20 rems/year
1511. The most common school health problem in developing countries is. (IMDC)
● Polio
● Hearing disorder
● Mental disorder
● Osteomalacia
● lice infestation*
1512. Correct sequence of Planning Cycle is. (IMDC)
● Object, Planning, evaluation, Goal
● Planning. Object, Goal, Evaluation -
● Goal, Panning , Object, Evaluation
● d. Planning. Goal, Evaluation, Object
● Evaluation, Goal ,Planning, Object
1513. According to WHO, minimum % of GNP which has 1o be spent on health is: (IMDC)
● 1%
● 5%*
● 1.5%
● 15%
● 25%
1514. In a village there were 5 deaths out of 50 Cholera cases, it is a measure of. (IMDC)
● Case Fatality Rate*
● Attack rate
● incidence
● Prevalence
1515. Prevalence at one point of time can be best measured by: (IMDC)
● longitudinal studies
● Cross sectional studies*
● Randomized controlled trial
● Cohort study
● Non randomized studies
1516. The secondary attack rate of measles is more than mumps. The conciusion is: (IMDC)
● Measles are more dangerous than mumps
● Measles are more common than mumps
● Measles are more infectious than mumps*
● Mumps are more fatal than measles
● Measles are more easily detectable than mumps
1517. A study compared 150/children with a particular disease with 300 disease free
children to examine past experience that may contribute to the development of illness. This
type oi study design is: (IMDC)
● Cohort study
● Case series*
● Randomized Controlled trial
● Case report
1518. In analytical analysis matching is done to avoid: (IMDC)
● Selection bias*
● Recall bias
● Observer bias
● Hawthorne Effect
● Measurement bias
1519. According to WHO, the child bearing age (CBA) is: (IMDC)
● 18-35 years
● 20-40 years
● 15-35 years
● 15-49 years*
● 16-39 years
1520. Multisectoral approach is fundamental factor of. (IMDC)
● Ecological concept
● Psychological concept
● Holistic approach*
● Biomedical concept
● Environmental concept
1521. The meeting of World Health Assembly occurs: (IMDC)
● Weekly
● Annually
● monthly
● every 6 months
● every 3 months
1522. The treatment of choice in snake bite is: (IMDC)
● Suction
● Reassurance
● Anti-snake venom*
● Symptomatic treatment
● Through washing of wound
1523. Max Recommended number of Students in a school classroom is. (IMDC)
● 10
● 20
● 40*
● 75
1524. A subject con be shift from cases to controls in: (IMDC)
● Cohort study
● Clinical trials*
1525. The variable which assumes whole value without decimal: (IMDC)
● Discrete*
● Continuous
● Ordinal
● Nominal
● Dependent
1526. Ideally the census should be conducted alter. (IMDC)
● one year
● two years
● five years
● ten years*
● Twenty years
1527. Simple random sampling is a type of probability sampling characterized by: (IMDC)
● Provision of least number of possible samples
● Haphazard Collection of certain number for a sample*
● Picking every 5th or 10th at regular intervals
● Representation of a corresponding sirata of universe
● Provision of multiphase sampling
1528. The best teaching opportunity for a health worker in community is. (IMDC)
● Giving health talk at home
● Demonstrating to a group. of mothers*
● Examining mother and children
● Completing the records
● Distributing pamphlets
1529. The science and an of preventing disease prolonging life and promoting physical and
mental heath is. (IMDC)
● Community medicine
● Community based education
● Social medicine
● Preventive medicine*
● Human ecology
1530. Health education is a process that informs motivates and helps people to adopt
healthy lifestyles and practices. One of the following is not a feature of health education:
● Knowledge is actively acquired
● Develops reflexive behavior*
● The process is behavior centered
● Disciplines primitive desires
● Appeals to reasons
1531. Which of the following is a very effective method of health education to bring out
change in health behavior of people? (RIHS)
● Group discussion*
● Symposium
● Workshop
● Seminar
1532. Disease Early Warning System (DEWS) of a BHU reported death of 10 women in its
catchments area. Two women died due to obstructed labor, three women died in a road
traffic incident (one was 6month pregnant), three women after their menopause died due to
COPD, one woman lost her life due to unskilled Traditional Birth Attendant and one woman
died due to puerperal sepsis. Number of maternal deaths (with reference to MMR) is:
● 10
● 4*
● 3
● 5
● 2
1533. Minimum number of antenatal visits recommended by World Health Organization is?
● 2
● 3
● 4*
● 5
● 6
1534. In a health center with a population of 10,000, 6 babies died within a week, 10 died
within 28days of birth and another 23 died between 28dys to 1 year of life. The deaths
included in infant’s mortality will be
● 6
● 10
● 23
● 39*
● 47
1535. The denominator for neonatal mortality rate is
● Midyear population
● No of live births in a year*
● No of births in a year
● No of neonates born in the year
● No of live + still births in the year
1536. A pregnant lady comes late in the third trimester of pregnancy. How would you go
about for tetanus immunization with this lady
● Forget about vaccination
● Give one dose right now and other after 1 month*
● Give one dose now one after delivery
● Minimum interval between 2 doses should be 8 weeks
● Give 2 doses in next pregnancy
1537. A 3-year-old child presents to you who has never been vaccinated before. Which of
the following vaccines would you recommend on his first visit?
● BCG only
● BCG, Polio and Measles
● BCG, Polio, DPT and Hepatitis B*
● Polio, DPT, Measles and Hepatitis B
● Polio, Hepatitis B and Tetanus Toxoid
1538. What refers to the actual; reproductive performance of a women or a couple and
deals with the human childbearing or reproduction and is generally confined to the women
during their reproductive age’s 15-49 years?
● Reproduction
● Fertility*
● Fecundity
● Growth rate
● Birth rate
1539. According to Incident cancer data for the period 1995-1997 from the population of
Karachi District South, the incidence rates for all cancer sites combined were 139.1 per
100,000 for males and 169.5 per 100,000 for females. What is the most common cancer
among Pakistani females?
● Cervix
● Breast*
● Body of uterus
● Oral cavity
● Lung
1540. A mother comes to OPD with her 4-year-old child with oedema in face, blond sparse
hair and dermatitis. His weight is 70% of the standard for his age. What is your most likely
diagnosis?
● Dermatitis
● Marasmus
● Kwashiorkor*
● Underweight
1541. On routine examination of children in a village, you notice one child having wrinkled
skin, muscle wasting and very low body weight. This condition is most likely due to;-
● Dermatitis
● Marasmus*
● Kwashiorkor
● Underweight
1542. In a community, a team of doctors wants to assess the nutritional status of children.
What is the best method to do so?
● Weight
● Body mass index*
● Body shapes
● Mid upper arm circumference
● Height
1543. What is the most appropriate method for an individual to use when recording a Food
Record for nutritional assessment?
● Record all foods eaten or drunk for a period of one week*
● Recall foods eaten or drunk in the past 24 hours
● Recall foods eaten or drunk in the past few weeks
● Tick foods eaten or drunk on a food list in the past 24 hours
● Record his or her usual eating pattern
1544. A systematic process of scientific data collection, analysis and interpretation is known
as.
● Audit
● Surveillance
● Monitoring
● Research*
1545. Researcher lust describes an object or situation but does not intervene is classified as
● Interventional studies
● Non interventional studies*
● exploratory studies
● Analytical studies
1546. A study involves in describing the characteristics of a particular situation event or case
is called
● Exploratory study
● Descriptive study*
● Analytical study
1547. A study attempts to establish causes or risk factors for a certain problem by comparing
two or more groups some of which have the problem, and some do not is called
● Descriptive study*
● Analytical study
● RCTs
1548. Which one is not Analytical study
● Cross Sectional Study
● Cohort Study
● Clinical trial*
1549. A group of people, who shares some common characteristics or passes through the
same experience Is called
● Control
● Cohort*
● Cases
1550. if we proceed from cause to effect the study design will be;
● Case control
● Cross-sectional
● Cohort*
● Case-series
1551. If we proceed from effect to cause the study called.
● Case control*
● Cross-sectional
● Cohort
● Case-series
1552. The possibility to reproduce the observation and is related to the precision of the
instrument used for scientific observation is known as
● Validity
● Reliability*
● Accuracy
● Efficacy
1553. The tool which shows that the scientific observations actually measure what they
intent to measure is known as.
● Reliability
● Accuracy
● Efficacy
● Validity*
1554. The studies in which the researcher always manipulates the situation by introducing
an intervention and measures the effects of his manipulation is called
● Analytical studies
● Descriptive studies
● Experimental studies*
● Observational studies
1555. Complete histories were taken on 50 cases with frozen shoulder (capsulitis) and 100
men without frozen shoulder diagnosed at the same medical center. The frozen shoulder
cases had a history of trauma than did the men without frozen shoulder. This study design is
● Case Control Studies*
● Cohort Studies
● Case series
1556. A group of 200 women using oral contraceptive Pills were followed for 5 years to find
out the risk of getting breast cancer. At the same time information were taken from another
group of female who were not using OCP. The findings suggest that the women who were
using OCPS at higher risk of getting breast cancer compare to those who were not. Identify the
study design.
● Cross sectional studies*
● Case control studies
● Cohort studies
● Clinical trials
1557. study design which gives us incidence is;
● Correlation
● Cross sectional
● Case control
● Cohort study*
1558. Study design through which we can calculate prevalence is called
● Correlation
● Cross sectional*
● Case control
● Cohort study
1559. The most important element of ethical research on human subjects is
● Beneficence
● Justice
● A methodological sound study design
● Informed consent*
1560. The single most important key to the success of the Multicenter Cohort Study is
● The brilliance of the principal investigator
● The commitment of the staff
● The commitment of the staff
● The commitment of the participants*
● The Quality of the laboratories
1561. Sum of art values divided by the numbers in the Series is
● Mean*
● mode
● Median
1562. The most commonly occurring value in a distribution of data is called
● Mean
● Mode*
● Median
● Frequent value
1563. The following are statistical averages EXCEPT
● Mean
● Median
● Mode*
1564. Confounding bias in a case control study can be removed by:
● Double blinding
● Proper recall
● Matching*
● Randomization
1565. An observational design that measures existing disease and current exposure level at
a single point in time is:
● Cohort study
● Case-control
● Case report
1566. In cohort studies, we can measure the association between the risk factor and the
exposure by
● Odd ratio
● Incidence rate
● Relative risk*
● Prevalence rate
1567. In case-control studies, we can measure the association between the risk factor and
the exposure by:
● Odds ratio*
● Incidence rate
● Relative risk
● Prevalence rate.
1568. All the following can be obtained from prospective study, except:
● Prevalence rate
● Relative risk*
● Incidence rate
1569. The presence of a new effective vaccine can lead to.
● Increase incidence
● Decrease prevalence
● Increase prevalence
● Decrease incidence*
1570. Incidence is defined as;
● No. of existing cases in a given population at a specified time
● No. of existing cases in a given time
● No. of new cases occurring in a given population at a specified time*
● No. of new cases at a specified time
1571. Prevalence as defined as;
● No. of existing cases in a given population at a specified time*
● No of existing cases in a given time
● No. of new cases occurring in a given population at a specified time
● No. of new cases at a specified time
1572. The relationship between prevalence and incidence is expressed as;
● P= I x D*
● I=P x D
● P=I/D
● I=P/D
1573. A new treatment is developed that prevents premature death but does not produce
recovery from disease. Which of the following will occur?
● Prevalence will increase*
● Prevalence will decrease
● Incidence will increase
● Incidence will decrease
1574. When comparing randomized controlled trials (RCT) to cohort studies, which of the
following is generally true?
● Both are prospective*
● The results of the RCT are less likely to be generalize able than cohort study
● The results of the RCT are less likely to be affected by confounding
● all of above true
1575. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in Indonesia to study the
effects of Vitamin A In preventing deaths among children with measles. The Investigators
reported a relative risk of 0.60 for the intervention versus control group This means that
● Children receiving Vitamin A were 60% less likely to die from measles than children
receiving placebo*
● The chance of dying from measles in the placebo group was 60%
● The chance of the null hypothesis being true is 60%
● 60% of the children who cited received Vitamin A, the other 40% received placebo
1576. Following a large group of IT-students for a period of 5 years to determine the
occurrence of backache would be an example of
● RCTS
● cross-sectional study
● cohort study*
● case control
1577. statistically significant P value is
● < 0.05
● >0.05*
● < 0.5
● >0.1
1578. Which of the following research methods stud only people who are initially disease
free
● case —control study
● case-series study
● cohort study*
● clinical trial
1579. SPSS means
● statistical package for social sciences*
● scientific is package for statistics sciences
● statistical package for scientific sums
● scientific package for social sciences
1580. SPSS is a
● data collection tool
● data analysis tool*
● data handling tool
● data summarizing tool
1581. In a village of 300 population, 60% constitute Hindus, 20% Muslims, 10% Sikhs and
10% Christians. We want to take a sample of 10% of the population to study the eating habits
of this population. I he best method would be
● systematic random sampling
● Quota sampling
1582. Focus group is a type of
● descriptive research
● analytical research
● Qualitative research*
● quantitative research
1583. Pilot study means
● pre-testing*
● post testing
● summative test
● formative test
1584. You go out into the community to conduct a prevalence survey for hypertension. You
go in to the first house in the village that you come across and then you select 200 houses
adjacent to the first one to complete your survey. What type of sampling is this?
● purposive sampling
● quota sampling
● convenience sampling*
● simple random sampling
1585. A Researcher through systematic random sampling selected 3 tehsils from Rawalpindi
district and from each tehsil he randomly selected 20 villages and out of them 120 houses.
This type of sampling is:
● Multi-stage sampling*
● systematic random sampling
● stratified random sampling
1586. Following are the examples of continuous data except
● height and weight
● temperature
● blood pressure*
● age
1587. Categorical data include all except
● marital status
● blood type
● gender
● heart rate*
1588. Which of the following error will occur if we reject the null hypothesis when in reality
it is true;
● type I alpha error*
● type I beta error
● type II beta error
● type II alpha error
1589. A bias results from imprecise memory of past exposure and it is of particular concern
in case-control studies
● information bias
● recall bias*
1590. the tendency of the interviewer to obtain answer that support preconceived noticed is
called
● selection bias
● recall bias*
1591. The formula for RR is;
● a/a+b+c/c+d*
● a/a+c + d c+d
● ab / dc
● ad / bc
1592. Relative risk of developing a disease is indicated by:
● Incidence among exposed / incidence, among non- exposed*
● Incidence among exposed / population at risk
● Incidence among exposed / incidence among none exposed / population at risk
● Incidence among non exposed /incidence among exposed.
1593. A researcher wants to conduct a study about the prevalence of dengue fever in
community. The type of epidemiological case design will be. (RIHS)
● Analytical
● Descriptive*
● Experimental
● Interventional
1594. A researcher wants to identify the etiological factors and testing of hypothesis. The
type of study design he will use: (RIHS)
● Analytical*
● Descriptive
● Experimental
● Quasi Trail
1595. “CHERNOBYL” tragedy is an example of: (RIHS)
● Point source epidemic*
● Modern epidemic
● Continuous epidemic
● Common source epidemic
1596. The method of Health Communication which shows how to perform a procedure is:
(RIHS)
● Demonstration*
● Role Playing
● Panel Discussion
● Seminar
● Workshop
1597. Occurrence of case irregularly and haphazardly in a community is: (RIHS)
● Epidemic
● Endemic
● Sporadic*
● Pandemic
● Exotic
1598. The time required for 50 % of the cases to occur following exposure is called: (RIHS)
● Mean incubation period
● Median incubation period*
● Generation time
● Serial interval
1599. Sharp instruments are disinfected by: (RIHS)
● Lysol
● Bleaching power
● Hot air oven*
● Incineration
● Boiling
1600. In which of the following there is no two-way communication: (RIHS)
● Lectures*
● Symposium
● Demonstrator
1601. For education of general public most potent media is: (RIHS)
● Television*
● Radio
● Newspaper
● Health magazines
● Internet
1602. There are 9 preventable diseases under EPI Vaccination is an example of: (RIHS)
● Specific protection*
● Early detection
● Prompt treatment
1603. A study conducted on 100 patients to assess the effectiveness of antibiotic A in
reducing infection rate after a major surgery. Patients were allocated randomly in two groups
control and experimental. After a trial it was found antibiotic A is effective in reducing
infection. Which type of study is this? (RIHS)
● Case control
● Cross sectional
● Cohort
● Nonrandomized trail
● Randomized control trial*
1604. A researcher was advised to conduct a study to determine the association between
smoking and lung cancer, the study will proceed from cause to effect. Which type of study will
be conduct? (RIHS)
● Case control
● Cohort*
● Cross sectional
● Observational
● Experimental
1605. A researcher conducted a study to determine the prevalence of tuberculosis in district
Rawalpindi. Which type of study. (RIHS)
● Experiments
● Correlation study
● Cohort study
● Case central
1606. The number of newly diagnosed cases of breast cancer per 100,000 women during a
given year is expressed as: (RIHS)
● Incidence*
● Prevalence
● Proportion
● Rate
● Ratio
1607. difference in incidence rate of disease between exposed group and nonexposed group
is: (RIHS)
● Risk ratio
● Relative risk
● Attributable risk*
● Prevalence
● Odds ratio
1608. The non-modifiable risk factor for ischemic heart disease (IHD) is. (RIHS)
● Type A Personalits*
● Obesity
● Family Marriages
● Sedentary Habits
1609. World heart day is celebrated on: (RIHS)
th
● 10 September
● 15th September
● 20th September
● 25th September*
● 30th September
1610. A woman is having weight of 70 kg with height of 1.6 meters, she is: (RIHS)
● Moderately obese
● Severely obese
● Overweight*
● Normal
● Morbidly obese
1611. Man is obligate host for. (RIHS)
● Measles*
● Malaria
● KFD
● Rabies
● Mumps
1612. The example of non-contagious disease is: (RIHS)
● Scabies
● Trachoma
● Leprosy
● Malaria*
● HTV
1613. Subclinical infection is not seen in: (RIHS)
● Mumps
● Rubella
● Measles*
● Poliomyelitis
● Diphtheria
1614. The disease having incubation period of more than 1 week is: (RIHS)
● Influenza
● Staphylococcal food poisoning
● Typhoid*
● Cholera
● Gastroenteritis
1615. Subacute Sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a complication of: (RIHS)
● Chicken pox*
● Smallpox
● Rubella
● Measles
● TB
1616. Post auricular and posterior cervical lymphadenopathy is characteristically seen in:
(RIHS)
● Chicken pox
● Rubella*
● Measles
● Cerebral malaria
● Mumps
1617. For influenza vaccine to be effective, it must be given at least: (RIHS)
● 2 weeks before epidemic*
● 3 weeks before epidemic
1618. The Type of diphtheria bacilli which causes severe infection is: (RIHS)
● Gravis*
● Mitis
● Intermedius
● Gravis and mitis
● Mitis and intermedius
1619. Bull necked appearance is seen in: (RIHS)
● Diphtheria*
● Whooping cough
● Measles
● Psittacosis
● Influenzas
1620. Upper respiratory tract infections include. (RIHS)
● Epiglottitis
● Laryngitis
● Pharyngitis*
● Bronchiolitis
● Bronchitis
1621. Indication for admission in hospital in 1 year old child who is suffering from acute
respiratory infection is: (RIHS)
● Chest in drawing*
● Respiratory rate 40/man
● Cough
● Fever above 100 F
● Lethargy
1622. A patient with sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis who has taken drugs for less
than 4 weeks is defined as: (RIHS)
● Failure case
● New Case*
● Defaulter
● Transfer out
● Target group
1623. According to WHO, a case of TB is defined as: (RIHS)
● Tuberculin test positive
● Sputum positive for AFB*
● Chest X-ray positive
● Cough for more than 6 weeks
● Fever more than 2 weeks
1624. Most outbreaks of paralytic polio are due to: (RIHS)
● Type 1 virus*
● Type 2 virus
● Type 3 virus
● Both Type 1 and type 2
● Both Type 2 and type 3
1625. For every case of polio, the estimated number of subclinical cases is: (RIHS)
● 10
● 50
● 100
● 500
● 1000*
1626. Past infection with hepatitis A virus can be demonstrated by: (RIHS)
● Hepatitis A antigen in Feces
● Rise in anti HAV titre
● IgM antibody to HAV serum
● IgG antibody to HAV in serum*
● IgE antibody to HAV in serum
1627. The enterotoxin of v. cholera acts on: (RIHS)
● cAMP
● cGMP
● ATP
● Ribosome
● Chromosome
1628. Citrate has been added to conventional ORS to: (RIHS)
● Improve chloride absorption
● Correct acidosis
● Improve glucose absorption
● Stabilize ORS*
● Improves taste
1629. The ORS requirement for the first 4 hours for an 8-month-old female child with
moderate dehydration is: (RIHS)
● 50-100 ml kg
● 100 200 ml kg
● 200 - 400 mlkg
● 400-600 ml kg*
● 800 ml/kg
1630. Shortest incubation period of food poisoning is seen in: (RIHS)
● Staphylococcus*
● Clostridium
● Salmonella
● Bacillus cereus
● E. col
1631. Recent epidemic of dengue haemorrhagic fever is caused by which serotype: (RIHS)
● DEN -1
● DEN -2*
● DEN - 3
● DEN - 4
● DEN - 5
1632. Break bone fever is characteristic of: (RIHS)
● Malaria
● Yellow fever
● Dengue*
● Typhoid
● Pneumonia
1633. Man is intermediate host of. (RIHS)
● Malaria*
● Tuberculous
1634. Exo-erythrocytic phase is absent in. (RIHS)
● P.vivax
● P.falciparum*
● P.malariae
● P.ovale
● P.knowlesi
1635. The vector for malaria in urban areas is usually: (RIHS/RIHS)
● A.stephensi*
● A.culicifacies
● A.fluviatilis
● A.minimus
● A cruzi
1636. A rabies free area has been defined as one where no case of indigenously acquired
rabies has occurred for: (RIHS)
● 1 Year
● 2 Years*
● 3 Years
● 4 Years
● 5 years
1637. Post exposure treatment by IDC vaccine in a previously vaccinated patient whose
antibody titre is unknown or if bite is severe, consists of: (RIHS)
● 5 doses
● 4 doses
● 3 doses*
● 2 doses
● 1 dose
1638. Which one of the following sets of components of cigarette smoke is a causal agent of
coronary artery disease? (RIHS)
● Tar and nicotine
● Nicotine and carbon monoxide*
● Carbon monoxide and tar
● Tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide
● Tar and nicotine
1639. Which of the following is the most common manifestation of rheumatic fever? (RIHS)
● Polyarthritis*
1640. Which of the following is mandatory in diagnosis rheumatic fever? (RIHS)
● Preactive ASO antibodies*
1641. Most sensitive and specific method of screening for breast cancer is. (RIHS)
● Mammography*
● PNAC
1642. Which of the following component cigarette smoke predisposes to lung cancer? (RIHS)
● Nicotine
● Carbon
● Tobacco*
● Nitrosamine
● Smoke
1643. The criteria proposed by WHO for diagnosis of diabetes mellitus include: (RIHS)
● Fasting venous whole blood value of ≥ 120 mg/dl and 2 hours glucose load value of ≤ 200
mg/dl
● Fasting venous whole blood value of ≥ 120 mg/dl and 2 hours post glucose load value of ≤
180 mg/dl*
180 mg/dl
200 mg/dl
240 mg/dl
1644. The best investigation for epidemiological studies in diabetes mellitus is: (RIHS)
● Urine analyses
● Fasting blood sugar
● 2 bours post prandial blood sugar*
● Glycosylated hemoglobin level
1645. Glycosylated hemoglobin levels give an indication of diabetic control over previous:
(RIHS)
● 1 month
● 2 months
● 3 months*
● 4 months
● 5 months
1646. The legal limit to define alcohol intoxication while driving is: (RIHS)
● 60 mg/100ml
● 80 mg/100ml*
● 100 mg/100ml
● 120 mg/ 100ml
● 140 mg/100ml

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COMMUNITY MEDICINE MCQS

1. Incubation period of Mumps: (HBS)

88. Koplik's spots is the characteristic of: (RIHS)

99. All cause anaemia in man, except: (HBS)

The mean age of heads of families is: (HBS)

1334. Influenza pandemics occur at intervals of: (RIHS)

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