COVID 19 VIRUS

• PRACTICAL CONDUCTED BY :- MR. PRASOON

JOSHI
• PERFORMED BY :- SIDDHANT SHUKLA
• CLASS :- 10
• ROLL NO. :- 29
What is the current pandemic?
● December 2019: a novel (new) coronavirus was identified in Wuhan, China.

● This virus has since been named]

SARS-CoV-2
for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
[It was previously called 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV).]
SARS-CoV-2
● The disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 is called
COVID-19
● March 11, 2020: After the disease caused by this coronavirus spread to 114
countries, the World Health Organization declared it to be a pandemic likely
to spread across the globe.
 TOPICS INCLUDED
• What is the current pandemic?
• What is COVID-19?
• What are the symptoms?
• How is COVID-19 diagnosed?
• Is COVID-19 fatal?
• What are the treatments?
• How is COVID-19 spread?
• How can I protect myself?
 Russia: 1.2M

Summary: The countries

U.S.: with the most cumulative
7.5M COVID-19 cases are the
U.S., India, Brazil, and
India: Russia with over 1
6.7M million cases each.
Brazil:
4.9M
What is the current pandemic?
●January 2020:
○ Jan 7: WHO Officials announce they have identified
a new coronavirus.
○ Jan 11: China announces the first death from the
virus.
○ Jan 13: The first case is identified outside of China
○ Jan 20: The first human-to-human transfer of the
virus is identified
●February 2020:
○ Feb 2: The first death outside of China is reported.
○ Feb 14: The disease is confirmed to have spread to
Africa and Europe
○ Feb 25: The CDC warns Americans to expect
significant disruptions from the virus
What is the current pandemic?
●March/April 2020:
○ Cases in the U.S. surge.
○ Most school districts switch to online or remote
learning around March 13th.
○ U.S. residents are urged to stay in their homes unless
seeking groceries.
●May 2020:
○ Cases in the U.S. begin to decrease.
○ Although most schools stay remote, many U.S. states
began reopening non-essential businesses.
●June/July 2020:
○ Cases in the U.S. experience a second surge.
What is COVID-19?
●SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus that
appeared in 2019, causes an acute respiratory
disease called coronavirus disease 2019
(COVID-19 for short).

●The disease is believed to have originated

through animal-to-human transmission but soon SARS virus

began to spread via human-to-human

transmission.

●COVID-19 is related to the previously known

diseases SARS and MERS which are caused by
different, but related, viruses. MERS virus
What are the symptoms?
● Fever
● Fatigue
● Respiratory symptoms:
○ dry cough
○ shortness of breath
○ can lead to pneumonia
● Symptoms typically appear 2-14 days (average: 5-6
days) after exposure.
● However, many people may be infected but show no
symptoms.
What are the symptoms?
● The vast majority of cases are mild.

● Most mild cases run their course in 2 weeks.

● A minority of cases, most commonly among the

elderly and other high-risk populations, progress to
include severe pneumonia, organ failure, and death.

● These severe cases run their course in 3-6 weeks.

Is COVID-19 fatal?
● The vast majority of cases are
mild.

● Mortality rates are estimated to

be 1-5%, but the data are very
uncertain.

● It is clear that older patients have

a significantly higher death rate.
How is COVID-19 diagnosed?
● PCR test:
●The standard method for confirming a
case of COVID-19 is through a rRT-PCR
(real-time reverse transcription
polymerase chain reaction) test of swab
samples obtained from the nose or throat.

● Results can be obtained from within a

few hours to several days.
A PCR machine

● The complete COVID-19 genome has

been sequenced and published, allowing
other PCR tests to be developed.
 How is COVID-19 diagnosed
● Antigen tests:
● These tests confirm viral exposure
in the recent past.

● They do not test for the virus

directly.

● These tests typically involve a nasal A PCR machine

or throat swab, or a saliva test

What are the treatments?
● There is some vaccine. However Work is underway
to develop some more and they are likely to be
developed within 2021.
● There is no anti-viral treatment specifically for
COVID-19.

● Symptoms are managed using standard methods of

care for viral infections.

●Antibiotics, which only treat bacterial infections, are

not useful to treat COVID-19 or other viral diseases.
How is COVID-19 treated?
● Treatment depends on the stage of the illness.
● Most COVID infections do not require hospital
admission.
● Immune suppression (steroids) may help people at
certain stages of the disease.
● Anti-coagulation may help at certain stages.
● Antiviral drugs are in use as well such as
Remdesivir and Interferon.
How is COVID-19 prevented?

Evidence shows that the

virus can be spread even
by people who show no
symptoms and seem
healthy but are actually
infected.
How is COVID-19 spread?
● The infection spreads
from person to person
via respiratory
droplets, usually
through coughing and
sneezing.
How do I keep from spreading illness to others if I am sick?
• Stay home when you are sick.
• Cover your cough or sneeze with a
tissue, then throw the tissue in the trash.
• Regularly clean and disinfect
frequently touched objects and surfaces.
• Call ahead to a healthcare professional
if you develop a fever and symptoms of
respiratory illness, such as cough or
difficulty breathing.
How can I protect myself?
• Sanitize: Wash hands thoroughly and
often with soap and water or alcohol-
based hand sanitizer.
• Social distancing: Stay more than 6 feet
away from other people.
• Avoid touching your face with
unwashed hands. Properly cover coughs
and sneezes.
• Wear a mask that covers your nose and
mouth whenever you come within 6 feet
of another person.
• Monitor your symptoms and stay home
if you are feeling sick.
• Get your flu shot if you have not done so
already.