12/1/2022

GAIT
ASSESSMENT
College of Physical Therapy
PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MAYNILA

At the end of the session, the student should be

able to:

LEARNING 1. Understand the different terminologies and

parameters referring to gait analysis.
OBJECTIVES 2. Understand and apply to practice the
importance of performing a proper gait
analysis
3. Recognize a physiologic and a pathologic gait
pattern

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GAIT TERMINOLOGIES

WHAT IS GAIT?
• Pattern of walking
• Involves balance and coordination of
muscles

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GAIT CYCLE
The time interval or sequence of motions occurring
between two consecutive initial contacts of the same
foot; a description of what happens in one leg
2 PHASES:
1. Stance phase – makes up 60% to 65% of the
walking cycle
2. Swing phase – makes up 35% to 40% of the
walking cycle
**consists of 2 Double support phase and 1 single-leg
stance

GAIT CYCLE
STANDARD RANCHOS LOS AMIGOS
TERMINOLOGY (RLA) TERMINOLOGY
STANCE Heel strike Initial contact
PHASE Foot flat Loading response
Midstance Midstance
Heel off Terminal stance
Toe off Pre- swing
SWING Acceleration Initial swing
PHASE Midswing Midswing
Deceleration Terminal swing

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STANCE PHASE
Occurs when the foot is on the ground
and bearing weight; this phase makes
up 60% of the gait cycle and consists
of five subphases, or instant
SUBPHASES:
1. Initial contact (heel strike)
2. Load response (foot flat)
3. Midstance (single-leg stance)
4. Terminal stance (heel off)
5. Preswing (toe off)

SWING PHASE
occurs when the foot is not bearing
weight and is moving forward; makes
up approximately 40% of the gait
cycle and consists of three subphases

SUBPHASES:
1. Initial swing (acceleration)
2. Midswing
3. Terminal swing (deceleration)

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RUNNING
Walking velocity is increased
It contains additional phase
– Float phase or Double
unsupported phase
Although the single leg
stance phase decreases, the
load increases two or three
times

NORMAL PARAMETERS
OF GAIT
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GAIT PARAMETERS

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Observation is KEY!
• Pt’s clothes?

HOW TO • Pt’s footwear?

• Use of AD?
PERFORM GAIT
• Walking speed?
ANALYSIS • View pt anteriorly, posteriorly and
laterally
Examination

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Observation is KEY!
• Pt’s clothes?

HOW TO • Pt’s footwear?

• Use of AD?
PERFORM GAIT
• Walking speed?
ANALYSIS • View pt anteriorly, posteriorly and
laterally
Examination

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Observation is KEY!
• Pt’s clothes?

HOW TO • Pt’s footwear?

• Use of AD?
PERFORM GAIT
• Walking speed?
ANALYSIS • View pt anteriorly, posteriorly and
laterally
Examination

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PATHOLOGICAL GAIT PATTERNS

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ANTALGIC
(PAINFUL) GAIT

RESULT OF INJURY TO PELVIS, HIP, KNEE AND FOOT

-->SHORTER LEG LENGTH IN NON WALKING SIDE
MAINTAINED BY PERSON WITHI NJURY TO ONE
SIDE OF LE
STANCE PHASE IS SHORTER BECAUSE IT'S PAINFUL
FASTER SWING PHASE C/L
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ARTHROGENIC (STIFF HIP OR KNEE)

GAIT

STIFFNESS,LAXITY
HIP AND KNEE IS RECENTLY REMOVED, PELVIS MUST BE
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LIFTED
pt LIFTS ENTIRE LEG HIGHER THAN NORMAL
TO PROMOTE TOE CLEARANCE, UNAFFECTED SIDE (R) LE
GOES INTO PLANTAR FLEXION IN STANCE PHASE
SWING PHASE, INSTEAD OF HIP FLEXION,
CIRCUMDUCTION GINAGAWA NI pt

ATAXIC GAIT

MC IN CEREBERAL pt
GAIT PATTERN- ALL MOVEMENTS ARE EXAGGERATED
RESULTING GAIT IS IRREGULAR JERKY

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CONTRACTURE
GAITS

CAUSE: IMMOBILIZATION

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EQUINUS GAIT
(TOE
WALKING)

seen in club foot

weight bearing
phase is
decreased

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GLUTEUS
MAXIMUS
GAIT

caused by weakness of g max

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GLUTEUS MEDIUS
(TRENDELENBURG)
GAIT
abductors
thorax is thrusted laterally
in pic, right ang weak
*exhibited-

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HEMIPLEGIC
OR
HEMIPARETIC
GAIT
swings paraplegic leg in a circle and pushes it ahead
seen in pt with CVA/stroke

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PARKINSONIAN
GAIT

neck, trunk, and knee are flexed

short steps
pt may lean forward
(festination)

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PLANTAR
FLEXOR GAIT

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PSOATIC LIMP

psoas muscle
lat flexion and add of hip
exaggerated movement of hip
not automatically means may problems talaga si psoas major

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QUADRICEPS
AVOIDANCE
GAIT

due to fem nerve injury or trauma to quads

compensate
pt may use hand to allow knee extension

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SCISSORS GAIT
spastic paralysis of hip adductors
neutragenic

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SHORT LEG GAIT

anatomic leg length discrepancy (actual leg length?)
naglilimp
pt supinate foot to lengthen limb
painless osteogenic gait

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STEPPAGE OR
DROP FOOT
GAIT

weak or paralyzed dorsi flexors muscle

to compensate, pt lifts knee higher
than normal

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THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!

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