Combination 1.

If + past simple/cont + will/may/can/must + inf. or imperative

If they left at 5pm, they’ll arrive at 7pm.
If he was playing football in the mud, he must be dirty now.

Combination 2. To contrast an imagined event in the past with its result in the present
If + past simple + would/could/might + have + past participle
If I were you, I would’ve told him the truth.
If she were a better driver, she might not have crashed into a tree last week.
“If he was swimming, he couldn’t have heard the gunshot,” said the detective.

Combination 3. An event that happened/didn´t happen in the past and its result (or not) in the present
If + past perfect + would/could/might + infinitive
“If he had studied, he wouldn’t be retaking his exams tomorrow,” said the dean.
If she had followed our advice, she might have a job now.
If she had finished earlier, she would be going to the party tonight.

A. Rewrite the sentences as mixed conditionals. B. Rewrite the sentences using the letter in bold.
Think of the result! 1. I only know how to drive because you taught me.
E.g. He’s not an honest person so he didn’t tell the truth. wouldn’t I …..to drive if you hadn’t taught me.
If he were an honest person, he would’ve told the truth.
2. She broke her leg so she can’t go snowboarding.
1. He was irresponsible so now he doesn’t have a job. broken If …..leg, she could go snowboarding.
2. She’s not really on a diet so she ate all the cake.
3. They partied all night so they are tired now. 3. Marisa can’t be at work, or she would’ve answered the
4. He didn’t tell me earlier so I’m not going to the party phone.
tonight. would If Marisa …..have answered the phone.
5. The plane left Athens 4 hours ago so they will be in
France now. 4. He got the job so he should start on Monday.
6. He was painting the house so he’s covered in paint. will If he got the job, …..
7. He doesn’t take his job seriously so he wasn’t
promoted. 5. She couldn’t tell you because she doesn’t know
anything.
would Had she …..tell you.

6. You bought a new car although you want a flat.

shouldn’t If you wanted a flat, ….. a new car.

7. She isn’t rich because she trusted that conman.

be She …..if she hadn’t trusted that

C. Choose the correct option.

1. I wanted to go on holiday to Hawaii, but I can’t afford to.

a. If I have enough money, I go to Hawaii.
b. I’ll have gone to Hawaii if I have enough money.
c. If I had had enough money, I will go to Hawaii.
d. I would’ve gone to Hawaii if I had enough money.
2. Unfortunately I don’t know Egyptian history so I couldn’t answer his question.
a. If I know Egyptian history, I can answer his question.
b. If I knew Egyptian history, I could’ve answered his question.
c. If I had known Egyptian history, I’ll answer his question.
d. If I knew Egyptian history, I could answer his question.

3. You didn’t listen to me so now you are in trouble.

a. If you had listened to me, you wouldn’t be in trouble now.
b. If you listen to me, you won’t be in trouble.
c. If you hadn’t listened to me, you wouldn’t have been in trouble.
d. If you didn’t listen to me, you wouldn’t be in trouble.

4. I didn’t win the lottery so I’m not rich!

a. If I won the lottery, I’d be rich.
b. If I win the lottery, I’ll be rich.
c. If I had won the lottery, I would be rich.
d. I would’ve been rich if I would win the lottery.

5. I’m not going to the concert with my friends tonight so I’m not excited.
a. If I’m going to the concert tonight, I will be excited.
b. If I had gone to the concert, I would’ve been excited
c. If you were to go to the concert tonight, I would be excited.
d. If I were going to the concert tonight I would’ve been excited.

6. He said he was feeling really ill so I don’t think he’ll come to work today.
a. If he were feeling really ill, he wouldn’t come to work.
b. If he were feeling really ill, he won’t come to work today.
c. If he weren’t feeling really ill, he will come to work.
d. If he hadn’t been feeling really ill, he wouldn’t have been at work.

7. Because of the invention of computers, our lives are very different today.
a. If computers aren’t invented, our lives will be very different today.
b. If computers weren’t invented, our lives would be very different today.
c. If computers hadn’t been invented, our lives would be very different today.
d. If computers weren’t invented, our lives would’ve been very different today.
 Name:____________________

2nd Type + 1st Type = If this happened (or not) in the present we will have this result in the present
2nd Type + 3rd Type = If this happened (or not) in the present we would have this result in the past.
3rd Type + 2nd Type = If this had happened (or not) in the past we’d have this result (or not) in the present

2nd Type (present) 1st Type (Present/future)

If + past simple/cont will/may/can/must + inf. or imperative
If they left at 5pm, they’ll arrive at 7pm.
If he was playing football in the mud, he must be dirty now.

2nd Type (Present) 3rd Type (Past)

If + past simple would/could/might + have + past participle
If I were you, I would’ve told him the truth.
If she were a better driver, she might not have crashed into a tree last week.
“If he was swimming, he couldn’t have heard the gunshot,” said the detective.

3rd Type (Past) 2nd Type (Present)

A. Rewrite the sentences as mixed conditionals. B. Rewrite the sentences using the letter in bold.
If + past perfect would/could/might + infinitive
1. I only know how to drive because you taught me.
Think of the result!
“If he had studied, he wouldn’t be wouldn’t
E.g. He’s not an honest person so he didn’t tell the truth.
retaking hisI exams tomorrow,” said the dean.
__________________________to
If she had followed our advice, she
If he were an honest person, he would’ve told the truth. might have a job now. drive if you hadn’t taught me.
If she had finished earlier, she would be going to the party tonight.
1. He was irresponsible so now he doesn’t have a job. 2. She broke her leg so she can’t go snowboarding.
________________________________________ broken If _________________________leg,
________________________________________ she could go snowboarding.
2. She’s not really on a diet so she ate all the cake.
________________________________________ 3. Marisa can’t be at work, or she would’ve answered the
________________________________________ phone.
3. They partied all night so they are tired now. would If Marisa _______________________
________________________________________ _____have answered the phone.
________________________________________
4. He didn’t tell me earlier so I’m not going to the party 4. He got the job so he should start on Monday.
tonight. will If he got the job, ________________
________________________________________
________________________________________ 5. She couldn’t tell you because she doesn’t know
5. The plane left Athens 4 hours ago so they will be in anything.
France now. would Had she ________________________
________________________________________ ___________________tell you.
________________________________________
6. He was painting the house so he’s covered in paint. 6. You bought a new car although you want a flat.
________________________________________ shouldn’t If you wanted a flat, ______________
________________________________________ __________________ a new car.
7. He doesn’t take his job seriously so he wasn’t
promoted. 7. She isn’t rich because she trusted that conman.
________________________________________ be She ___________________________
________________________________________ if she hadn’t trusted that conman.
8. I wanted to go on holiday to Hawaii, but I can’t afford to.
a. If I have enough money, I go to Hawaii.
b. I’ll have gone to Hawaii if I have enough money.
c. If I had had enough money, I will go to Hawaii.
d. I would’ve gone to Hawaii if I had enough money.

9. Unfortunately I don’t know Egyptian history so I couldn’t answer his question.

a. If I know Egyptian history, I can answer his question.
b. If I knew Egyptian history, I could’ve answered his question.
c. If I had known Egyptian history, I’ll answer his question.
d. If I knew Egyptian history, I could answer his question.

10. You didn’t listen to me so now you are in trouble.

a. If you had listened to me, you wouldn’t be in trouble now.
b. If you listen to me, you won’t be in trouble.
c. If you hadn’t listened to me, you wouldn’t have been in trouble.
d. If you didn’t listen to me, you wouldn’t be in trouble.

11. I didn’t win the lottery so I’m not rich!

a. If I won the lottery, I’d be rich.
b. If I win the lottery, I’ll be rich.
c. If I had won the lottery, I would be rich.
d. I would’ve been rich if I would win the lottery.

12. I’m not going to the concert with my friends tonight so I’m not excited.
a. If I’m going to the concert tonight, I will be excited.
b. If I had gone to the concert, I would’ve been excited
c. If you were to go to the concert tonight, I would be excited.
d. If I were going to the concert tonight I would’ve been excited.

13. He said he was feeling really ill so I don’t think he’ll come to work today.
a. If he were feeling really ill, he wouldn’t come to work.
b. If he were feeling really ill, he won’t come to work today.
c. If he weren’t feeling really ill, he will come to work.
d. If he hadn’t been feeling really ill, he wouldn’t have been at work.
 14. Because of the invention of computers, our lives are very different today.
a. If computers aren’t invented, our lives will be very different today.
b. If computers weren’t invented, our lives would be very different today.
c. If computers hadn’t been invented, our lives would be very different today.
d. If computers weren’t invented, our lives would’ve been very different today.

Answers/Key
A.
1. If he hadn’t been irresponsible. he would have a job. (3 rd + 2nd)
2. If she were really on a diet, she wouldn’t have eaten all the cake. (2 nd + 3rd)
3. If they partied all night, they will/must be tired now. (2 nd + 1st)
4. If he had told me earlier, I’d go/ be going to the party tonight. (3 rd + 2nd)
5. If the plane left Athens 4hrs ago, they will/must be in France now. (2 nd + 1st)
6. If he was painting the house, he will/must/might be covered in paint. (2 nd + 1st)
7. If he took his job seriously, he would’ve been promoted. (2nd + 3rd)

B.
1. I wouldn’t know how to drive if you hadn’t taught me. (2 nd + 3rd)
2. If she hadn’t broken her leg, she could go snowboarding. (3 rd + 2nd)
3. If Marisa were at work she would have answered the phone. (2 nd + 3rd)
4. If he got the job, he will start on Monday. (2 nd + 1st)
5. Had she known something, she would tell you. (3 rd + 2nd)
6. If you wanted a new flat, you shouldn’t have bought a new car. (2 nd + 3rd)
7. She would be rich if she hadn’t trusted that conman. (2nd + 3rd)

C.
1. d
2. b
3. a
4. c
5. d
6. c