Information Technology University

Advanced Digital System Design Fall 2022

Assignment 5

Topics: Fixed Point Toolbox Analysis & FIR Filter Maximum Marks: 100
Due Date: Mon, 31-Oct-22 Due Time: 23:59hours
Instructor: Prof. Dr. Rehan Hafiz TAs: Hazoor & Emad
Important Instructions:
● This is an individual assignment. Each student must work alone, without help from any other person.
Plagiarism is NOT allowed. Copying material from the web or from documents and submitting it for this
assignment without giving credit/reference is plagiarism. Copied assignment will be marked ZERO.
● The Verilog Code should be synthesizable. The Verilog code should be properly commented. An optimized
implementation will result in more credits.
● 10 marks/day will be deducted in case of late submission after the due date.
● ONLY upload your PDF FILE on Google Classroom. Must name your file YourName_RollNumber.pdf
o The snapshot of the Simulator results
o Answer to any subjective question asked in the Assignment
o References

Question # 01 (60 Marks)

In this question, you will use your function for 1-D Convolution from Assignment 1. The convolution where
asked is of type “Full”.
a) Convolving triangular pulses using Built-in and Custom Functions:
Generate two triangular pulses (input 𝒙 and filter 𝒉).
%x = input
a = -5:0.5:5;
x = 64*triangularPulse(-3,3,a);
stem(x);
%h = filter
b = -3:0.5:3;
h = 2*triangularPulse(-1,1,b);
stem(h);
Find the convolution from built-in function
y_built = conv(x,h,’full’);
Calculate the convolution from your own function made in Assignment 1.
y_cust = MyConv1D(x,h,’full’);
Compare both outputs of y_built and y_cust.
b) Quantization of inputs for built-in "conv" Function:
We can use Fixed-Point Toolbox from MATLAB to convert inputs to a Quantized. The command “x_fixed =
fi(x,IsSigned,WordLength,FractionLength) will take “x” as input and return “x_fixed” as a quantized signal.
The arguments of “fi” are as follows:
1. First argument is the input signal.
2. Second argument is 1 for signed quantization and 0 for unsigned quantization.
3. Third argument is the required # of bits of the output signal.
4. Forth argument is the required # of bits of the fractional part of the output signal.
For example, after running run the following command:
x_fixed = fi(x, 1, 16, 8)
we will see the following in command window:
 x_fixed =
Columns 1 through 14
0 0 0 0 0 10.6680 21.3320 32.0000 42.6680 53.3320 64.0000 53.3320 42.6680
32.0000
Columns 15 through 21
21.3320 10.6680 0 0 0 0 0
DataTypeMode: Fixed-point: binary point scaling
Signedness: Signed
WordLength: 16
FractionLength: 8
This means “x_fixed” is a signed 16bit quantized form of “x” with 8bit fraction.
In the similar way quantize your filter “h” and determine the convolution of quantized signals. The following
commands:
h_fixed = fi(h, 1, 16, 8);
y_fixed_in = conv(x_fixed, h_fixed)
will output the following in command window:
y_fixed_in =
Columns 1 through 14
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10.6680 42.6680 85.3320 128.0000
Columns 15 through 28
170.6680 213.3320 234.6641 213.3320 170.6680 128.0000 85.3320 42.6680 10.6680 0 0
0 0 0
Columns 29 through 33
0 0 0 0 0
DataTypeMode: Fixed-point: binary point scaling
Signedness: Signed
WordLength: 36
FractionLength: 16
Now calculate the MSE for “y” and “y_fixed_in” and fill the Table 1 as follows:
1. In the third column of Table 1, m is the integer part size whereas n is the fraction part size.
Therefore, we use following relation for calculating m and n:
n = FractionLength
m = WordLength – n
In the first row of Table 1, n is 16 and m is 36-16 = 20.
2. The MATLAB command “error = mse(y, y_fixed_in)” can be used to calculate the MSE of y
and y_fixed_in.
>> mse(w_built,y_fixed_in)
ans =
7.1595e-07
Follow the same procedure as above and change the quantization of inputs and fill the remaining rows of
Table 1.

Table 1. Quantization of inputs and determining MSE

𝑸𝒎,𝒏 format
MSE (𝒚, 𝒚_𝒇𝒊𝒙𝒆𝒅_𝒊𝒏)
𝒙𝒎.𝒏 𝒉𝒎.𝒏 𝒚𝒎.𝒏
8.8 8.8 _20_._16_ 7.1595e-07
8.4 8.8 __.__
8.4 8.4 __.__
8.2 8.2 __.__
c) Quantization of inputs for custom "conv_fixed" Function:
 Repeat the previous part of the question using your function for 1-D Convolution from Assignment 1.

Table 2. Quantization of inputs and determining MSE

𝑸𝒎,𝒏 format
MSE (𝒚, 𝒚_𝒇𝒊𝒙𝒆𝒅_𝒊𝒏)
𝒙𝒎.𝒏 𝒉𝒎.𝒏 𝒚𝒎.𝒏
8.8 8.8 __.__
8.4 8.8 __.__
8.4 8.4 __.__
8.2 8.2 __.__

d) Controlling bit width of outputs:

You should have noticed that bit widths change unpredictably after convolution. The output bit width can
be controlled by creating fimath objects. One example of using fimath is given below. Enter the following
command in the command window:
F = fimath('SumMode', 'SpecifyPrecision', 'SumWordLength', 16, 'SumFractionLength', 8, 'ProductMode',
'SpecifyPrecision', 'ProductWordLength', 16, 'ProductFractionLength', 8)
It will create an object which specifies word lengths and fraction lengths in both sum and product modes.
The above command will output the following:
F=
RoundingMethod: Nearest
OverflowAction: Saturate
ProductMode: SpecifyPrecision
ProductWordLength: 16
ProductFractionLength: 8
SumMode: SpecifyPrecision
SumWordLength: 16
SumFractionLength: 8
CastBeforeSum: true
Now create two fi variables with at least one of them to be fimath object, as shown below:
a = fi(8,1,8,0, F);
b = fi(3, 1, 8, 0);
Now, even you add or multiply the word length and fraction length are the same as specified above:
>> a*b
ans =
24

DataTypeMode: Fixed-point: binary point scaling

Signedness: Signed
WordLength: 16
FractionLength: 8
>> a+b
ans =
11

DataTypeMode: Fixed-point: binary point scaling

Signedness: Signed
WordLength: 16
FractionLength: 8
 In the same way as discussed above, use fimath object in your function from c to control the bit width of
your output (the desired output widths are mentioned in the Table 3 and Table 4) and fill in the Table 3 and
Table 4 as you did in previous parts.

Table 3. Quantization of inputs & outputs and determining MSE

𝑸𝒎,𝒏 format
MSE (𝒚, 𝒚_𝒇𝒊𝒙𝒆𝒅_𝒊𝒏)
𝒙𝒎.𝒏 𝒉𝒎.𝒏 𝒚𝒎.𝒏
8.8 8.8 20.16
8.4 8.8 20.12
8.4 8.4 20.08
8.2 8.2 20.04

Table 4. Quantization of inputs & outputs and determining MSE

𝑸𝒎,𝒏 format
MSE (𝒚, 𝒚_𝒇𝒊𝒙𝒆𝒅_𝒊𝒏)
𝒙𝒎.𝒏 𝒉𝒎.𝒏 𝒚𝒎.𝒏
8.8 8.8 20.16
8.4 8.8 16.08
8.4 8.4 12.04
8.2 8.2 08.02

e) Plot 𝑴𝑺𝑬 from Table 1 through Table 4.

Question # 02 (40 Marks)

Write Verilog module and testbench for the Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filter shown in Figure 1.
• 𝑋𝑛 , 𝑋𝑛−1 , 𝑋𝑛−2 , 𝑋𝑛−3 , 𝑋𝑛−4 are 8-bit wide and 𝑌𝑛 is 16-bit wide. The values of 𝑋𝑛 for your simulation
are
𝑋𝑛 = [1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9]
• The coefficients 𝐶𝑛 , … 𝐶𝑛−4 are 8-bit constants, while simulating you can suppose them to be five
digits of your roll no. For example, Hazoor’s roll no is PhDEE17004, therefore, 𝐶𝑛 = 1, 𝐶𝑛−1 =
7, 𝐶𝑛−2 = 0, 𝐶𝑛−3 = 0, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶𝑛−4 = 4.
Your Report should contain a) Verilog Module, b) Verilog Testbench, c) RTL Schematics, d) Resource Utilization, e)
Power Estimation, f) Simulation Waveform, g) Produced Outputs

Figure 1. A Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filter