INTRODUCTION

The act of producing text, images, and other media on

paper using a printing press is known as printing. The
demand to print several copies for mass production led to
the development of printing as a necessity.
TECHNOLOGY
FOR PRINTING
Printing is the process of
producing text, graphics, and
images using an inkjet printer
and paper.
Each printing method makes use
of a plate or other image carrier
to transfer the ink image from
the plate to the paper or
substrate. Every printing plate
must be selective in some way
when picking up ink for the parts
that will be printed and rejecting
it for the areas that won't be
printed in order to achieve this.
The key distinctions in printing
methods are how they
distinguish between image areas
and non-image areas.
Two types of printing processes
can be differentiated into :
conventional printing methods
use a printing press, which
holds an inked image carrier and
uses pressure to transfer the
image on the substrate, to
create many copies of an
original subject..
Photography and non-contact
procedures without the use of
standard image carriers or
processes, such as xerography,
thermal imaging, and jet
printing, are examples of
unconventional printing
techniques.
 CONVENTIONAL
PRINTING METHOD

There are those

fundamental
conventional printing method varieties of
1. Impact printing techniques, in conventional
which the material makes print processes:
contact with the substrate, are
used in all traditional Relief
processes. printing
2. Use a master, which is a
pressure-applied inkd image Planographic
carrier, to transfer the picture.
3. The image is divided into two Stencil
fundamental regions, each of printing
which contains the ink
necessary to create the image.
:
 UNCONVENTIONAL
PRINTING TECHNIQUES

There are 4
different types of
Since there is no physical contact unconventional
between the substrate and this print processes:
technique, it is often referred to as
non-impact printing. A new image 1. Thermography
must be created in order to
reproduce each print. Inkjet and 2. Digital offset
laser printers, which don't touch
the paper when printing, are the 3. Xerography
two most often used types of
printers. 4. Inkjet
 RELIEF
PAINTING
Any kind of artistic In 200 AD, woodblock printing—in
creation in which which text and pictures were carved
an image is into the surface of a block of wood—
obtained from a became the oldest type of relief
surface coated painting. The development of moveable
with ink or pigment metal type by Johann Cutenberg in 1400
and covered with a was a milestone in relief printing that
sheet of paper or allowed for the movement and reuse of
other suitable type. 180 copies of the bible were
material under printed using Gutenberg's "screw
pressure or press."
friction to the
point where, when
removed, it bears
an impression of
the inked surface
is referred to as
relief painting.
Letterpress,
rollers, linecut,
woodcut, wood
engraving, or even
a vegetable could
be used as this
surface.
PLANOGRAPHIC

The image and non-image areas in planographic

printing are essentially on the same surface or
level. These areas are using the principle that
water based fluids and greasy subtances such
as inks tend not to mix. Image areas of the place
are made receptive in water based solutions.
Both subtances are applied to the place during
printing. Offset lithography is another name for
this type of printing.
 STENCIL PRINTING
Stencil printing is a method of
transferring a pattern by brushing,
spraying or squeezing ink or paint
through the open areas of any type of
stencil. The screen or stencil image
carriers have porous image areas
through which the ink is forced and
the ink is blocked in the non image
areas. Screen printing is one of the
most popular types of stencil printing
and is used throughout the world to
print posters, shirts, wall art, books,
etc.
THERMOGRAPHIC
PRINTING
Thermography is a post-
print process that
produces a glossy,
raised lettering effect.

Thermography machines
have a comprehensive
conveyor and three
portions. The substrate
is covered with
embossing powder In thermography, the
made of polymeric edge of text is not sharp
resins in the first step. and clear because there
The printed substrate is are huge molecules
used for the raised present because the ink
printing areas. To ensure is in powder form, thus
that they stay wet the vacuum system used
throughout the in the second stage of
application of powder, the process eliminates
the areas chosen for surplus powder from
raised printing are uninked parts of the
printed with slow-drying substrate. It can also be
inks that do not include used to print braille text
hardeners. Later on, and is frequently used
during the heating on wedding invitations,
process, the ink dries letterheads, business
and becomes harder. cards, greeting cards,
gift wrap, packaging,
and caps. It serves as a
less expensive
alternative to engraved
embossing in the
production of diplomas.
 DIGITAL OFFSET

The plate in this procedure is wrapped outside

around the cylinder as a continuous reel. The
digital offset plate consists of two layers: a haze
layer that attracts ink, and a silicon top layer that
repels ink. The silicone layer gets burned but the
image layer is unaffected when the laser is fired
to expose the plate. The usage of changeable
data, such as text or graphics, is made possible
by the ability of digital presses to print without
using plates. Additionally, digital presses reduce
the cost of just-in-time and short-run printing.
 XEROGRAPHY

how it functions

Electrophotograph An image of the document is created

y, another name on the drum by spraying negatively
for xerography, is charged ink particles onto a surface of
a printing and a selenium-coated drum that light
photocopying passing through or reflecting from a
method based on paper reaches. A sheet of paper is
the idea of transformed into copy paper as it is
electrostatic moved close to the drum by a positive
charges. The US electric charge underneath the sheet
invested in the that attracts negatively charged ink
development of particles. The ink particles are fused to
this method, which the paper by the heat used to create
was made by the print.
Xerox Corp.
 INKJET
Both inkjet and laser printing are non-impact techniques.
Inkjet printers have a long lift time. A print head scans the
page in horizontal strips, while the paper is rolled up in
vertical steps. The image is printed in a strip, after which the
paper advances to the next strip. To create an image on
standard or specialty paper surfaces, inkjet printing streams
use streams of tiny drops of dye that are controlled by
digital signals. The printer has several nozzles that spray ink
onto the paper. Because the ink is liquid, some of it gets
absorbed by the paper.