The

Presented By:
Remar P. Camaya
Cavite Mutiny Tuesday,
08/11/2022
Crystal Joy Galvez
of
1872
Content and
Contextual
Analysis
01 The Cavite Mutiny
02 The Cavite Mutiny: an

essay on the published

sources
03 Two faces of the 1872

Cavite Mutiny
Historical Controversy: The Cavite Mutiny of 1872 04 Unraveling the Truth

05 Relevance to History

 1872:
A Historic
Year of Two
events
Two Major Events in 1872
1872 Cavite Mutiny
Martyrdom of the three priest in the persons of
Fathers Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, Jacinto
Zamora (GOMBURZA)
What is mutiny?
It comes from an old verb, "mutine" which means "revolt".
Is a situation in which a group of people refuse to obey
orders and try to take control away from the person who
commands them.
What is
cavite
mutiny?
The 1872 Cavite Mutiny was
precipitated by the removal of
long standing personal benefits
to the workers, extracting
personal taxes from the Filipino
laborers, and requiring them to
perform forced labor like
ordinary subjects.
 The Cavite Mutinyof 1872
This phenomenon was an uprising of military personnel of Fort San Felipe.
It was believed that around 200 soldiers and laborers rose up in arms against
Spanish colonizers.
The crackdown led to execution of the GOMBURZA, or the three priests
Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora.
Eventually, their execution left profound effects on many Filipinos including
Jose Rizal, who dedicated his 2nd novel El Filibusterismo, done in 1891, to their
memory.
 The Cavite Mutinyof 1872
The issue on Cavite Mutiny lies on the interpretation of the real cause of the
Mutiny.
For Spanish perspective, Jose Montero y Vidal highlighted it as an attempt of
indios to overthrow the Spanish Government.
Governor-General Rafael Izquierdo made use of this to implicate the native
clergy, thus the arrest and execution of the GOMBURZA
Spanish source would emphasize that the main reason of the revolution are the
abolition of privileges of the workers in the arsenal of Cavite.
The Cavite Mutiny:
an essay on the
published sources

1. The account of Jose Montero y Vidal is the

fullest account of the mutiny itself. It
embodies the official interpretation of the John N. Schumacher
mutiny in Cavite as a part of a general
Writer
revolt directed by the three priests and
their lay and clerical colleagues in Manila
and Cavite, having as it aim the assination
of the Governor-General and a general
massacre of all Spaniards
The Cavite Mutiny:
an essay on the
published sources

2. "The account of Pardo de Tavera was

originally written for the official report of the
census of 1903, as a part of a general survey John N. Schumacher
of Philippine history.:" Pardo denies that Writer
there was any plot to overthrow Spanish
rule, and sees the Cavite Mutiny simply as an
uprising due to the disaffection of the arsenal
workers who had been deprived of their
traditional exemption from tribute.
 Two faces of the
1872 cavite mutiny
- Chris Antonette Piedad-Pugay

1. 1872 Cavite Mutiny: Spanish Perspective

2. A Response to Injustice: The Filipino Version of the Incident
Author's
Background

a school valedictorian at Sogang

University Graduate School of
International Studies Chris Antonette Piedad-
Some of her works are: Success Pugay
beyond Expectation, Why Filipinos,
Celebrate Independence Day Every 12th
of June, A Closer Look on the more
Human, Side of the National Hero of the
Philippines | Dr. Jose Rizal.
Date of publication
The historical source was written on
September 05, 2012 and currently posted in
the page of National Historical Commission
of the Philippines
Spanish Account of
the cavite mutiny

Jose Montero y Gov. General

Vidal Rafael Izquierdo
(28 January 1851 – 27 February 1936) (30 September 1820 – 9 November 1883)

a prolific Spanish historian documented the his official report magnified the event and
event and highlighted it as an attempt of the made use of it to implicate the native clergy,
indios to overthrow the Spanish government which was then active in the call of
in the Philippines. secularization.
 Spanish Perspective
the abolition of privileges enjoyed by the workers of Cavite arsenal.
other causes were enumerated including:
- the Spanish Revolution ,
- dirty propagandas proliferated by unrestrained press,
democratic, liberal and republican books and pamphlets
- the animosity of native clergy against the Spanish friars
rebels wanted to overthrow the Spanish government to install new
"hari".
native clergy enticed other participants that God is with them, and
promises rewards such as employment, wealth and rank in the
army.
conspirators of Manila and Cavite planned to liquidate high-
ranking Spanish officers and massacre of the friars.
 Spanish Perspective

What Happened?
January 20, 1872
Cavite arsenal revolt happened
about 200 men compromised of soldiers, laborers of
arsenal, and residents of Cavite
headed by Sergeant La Madrid rose in arms and
assassinated the commnading officer and spanish
officers of Fort San Felipe (The spanish arsenal in
Cavite, Philippines)
the news about mutiny reached authorities in Manila
and Gen. Izquierdo immediately ordered the
reinforcement of spanish troops in Cavite
 Three Martyred
priests
Rev. Mariano Gomez
Mariano Gomez de los Angeles
born on August 02, 1799 in Sta. Cruz
Manila
His parents were Alenjandro Gomez
and Martina Custodia.
designated as the head priest of Bacoor,
Cavite on June 02, 1824.
Rev. Jose Burgos
Jose Apolonio Burgos y Garcia
born on February 09, 1837 in Vigan,
Ilocos Sur
His parents were Jose Burgos and
Florencia Garcia.
designated as the head priest of Manila
Cathedral
Rev. Jacinto Zamora
Jacinto Zamora y del Rosario
born on August 14, 1835 in Pandacan,
Manila
His parents were Venancio Zamora
and Hilaria del Rosario.
designated as the head priest of
Marikina
 Spanish Perspective

What Happened?
February 17, 1872
the three priests GOBURZA
- Mariano Gomez (73 yrs old)
- Jose Burgos (35 yrs old)
- Jacinto Zamora (37 yrs old)
the three priests were summarily tried and
sentenced to death at Bagumbayan (present-day
Luneta) in Manila by Spanish colonial authorities on
charges of subversion arising from 1872 Cavite
mutiny.
The Execution of GOMURZA
 El Filibusterismo

What Happened?
After the Execution of GOMBURZA
Jose Rizal dedicated his novel "El Filibusterismo" to
the three Priests.
The Cavite mutiny was a major factor in the
awakening of nationalism among the Filipinos.

"To the memory of the priests, Don Mariano

Gomez (85 years old), Don Jose Burgos (30
years old), and Don Jacinto Zamora (35 years
old). Executed in the Bagumbayan Field on the
28th of February, 1872."
the filipino
version of the
incident
Dr. Trinidad Hermenegildo Pardo de
Tavera (13 April 1857 – 26 March 1925)

a Filipino scholar and researcher Dr. Trinidad Hermenegildo

wrote the Filipino version of the bloody Pardo de Tavera
incident in Cavite
Writer
the filipino
version of the
incident
According to Pardo de Tavera, the incident
was a mere mutiny by the native Filipino
soldiers and laborers of the Cavite arsenal to
the dissatisfaction arising from the harsh
Dr. Trinidad Hermenegildo
policies of Izquierdo (the abolition of
Pardo de Tavera
privileges and prohibition of the founding of
the school of arts and trades)
governor-general
Rafael Izquierdo
Rafael Izquierdo
(30 September 1820 – 9 November 1883)

a Spanish Military Officer, politician, and statesman. He served

as Governor-General of the Philippines from 4 April 1871 to 8
January 1873.
He was the Governor-General during the 1872 Cavite mutiny
which led to execution of 41 of the mutineers, including the
Gomburza martyrs.
 filipino Perspective
On 20 January 1872, about 200 men comprised of soldiers, laborers of
the arsenal, and residents of Cavite headed by Sergeant Lamadrid rose
in arms and assassinated the commanding officer and Spanish officers
in sight. The insurgents were expecting support from the bulk of the
army unfortunately, that didn’t happen. The news about the mutiny
reached authorities in Manila and Gen. Izquierdo immediately ordered
the reinforcement of Spanish troops in Cavite. After two days, the
mutiny was officially declared subdued
 filipino Perspective
Tavera believed that the Spanish friars and Izquierdo used the Cavite
Mutiny as a powerful lever by magnifying it as a full-blown conspiracy
involving not only the native army but also included residents of
Cavite and Manila, and more importantly the native clergy to
overthrow the Spanish government in the Philippines. It is noteworthy
that during the time, the Central Government in Madrid announced its
intention to deprive the friars of all the powers of intervention in
matters of civil government and the direction and management of
educational institutions. This turnout of events was believed by
Tavera, prompted the friars to do something drastic in their desire to
maintain power in the Philippines.
 filipino Perspective
The friars, fearing that their influence in the Philippines would be a
thing of the past, took advantage of the incident and presented it to the
Spanish Government as a vast conspiracy organized throughout the
archipelago with the object of destroying Spanish sovereignty. Tavera
sadly confirmed that the Madrid government came to believe that the
scheme was true without any attempt to investigate the real facts or
extent of the alleged “revolution” reported by Izquierdo and the friars.
The secularization movement
in the Philippines

was a movement in the Philippines under Spanish

colonial administration from the 18th to late 19th
century for greater rights for native Filipino Roman
Catholic clergymen.
 gomburza
collective name of the three martyred priests
the Spanish clergy connected the priests to the
mutiny as part of a conspiracy to restrain the
movement of the secular priests who desired to
have their own parishes instead of being
assistants to the regular friars.
 Three Martyred
priests
Rev. Mariano Gomez
Mariano Gomez de los Angeles
born on August 02, 1799 in Sta. Cruz
Manila
His parents were Alenjandro Gomez
and Martina Custodia.
designated as the head priest of Bacoor,
Cavite on June 02, 1824.
Rev. Jose Burgos
Jose Apolonio Burgos y Garcia
born on February 09, 1837 in Vigan,
Ilocos Sur
His parents were Jose Burgos and
Florencia Garcia.
designated as the head priest of Manila
Cathedral
Rev. Jacinto Zamora
Jacinto Zamora y del Rosario
born on August 14, 1835 in Pandacan,
Manila
His parents were Venancio Zamora
and Hilaria del Rosario.
designated as the head priest of
Marikina
february 17, 1872
The GOMBURZA were tried, and executed by
garrote in the public, at Bagumbayan
(present-day Luneta) in Manila by Spanish
colonial authorities on charges of subversion
arising from 1872 Cavite mutiny, to serve as a
threat to Filipinos never to attempt to fight
the Spaniards again

GARROTE - killing someone by strangulation

typically with an iron collar, length of wire or
cord

The Execution of GOMBURZA

 unraveling the truth
Considering the four accounts of the 1872 Mutiny, there were some basic facts that
remained to be unvarying:
First, there was dissatisfaction among the workers of the arsenal as well as the
members of the native army after their privileges were drawn back by Gen.
Izquierdo;
Second, Gen. Izquierdo introduced rigid and strict policies that made the
Filipinos move and turn away from Spanish government out of disgust;
Third, the Central Government failed to conduct an investigation on what truly
transpired but relied on reports of Izquierdo and the friars and the opinion of
the public;
Fourth, the happy days of the friars were already numbered in 1872 when the
Central Government in Spain decided to deprive them of the power to intervene
in government affairs as well as in the direction and management of schools
prompting them to commit frantic moves to extend their stay and power;
 unraveling the truth
Fifth, the Filipino clergy members actively participated in the secularization
movement in order to allow Filipino priests to take hold of the parishes in the
country making them prey to the rage of the friars;
Sixth, Filipinos during the time were active participants, and responded to what
they deemed as injustices; and
Lastly, the execution of GOMBURZA was a blunder on the part of the Spanish
government, for the action severed the ill-feelings of the Filipinos and the event
inspired Filipino patriots to call for reforms and eventually independence.
There may be different versions of the event, but one thing is certain, the 1872
Cavite Mutiny paved way for a momentous 1898.
The road to independence was rough and tough to toddle,
many patriots named and unnamed shed their bloods to
attain reforms and achieve independence. 12 June 1898 may
be a glorious event for us, but we should not forget that
before we came across to victory, our forefathers suffered
enough. As we enjoy our freedom, may we be more
historically aware of our past to have a better future ahead
of us. And just like what Elias said in Noli me Tangere, may
we “not forget those who fell during the night.”
 Relevance to History
Death of GOMBURZA 1896 Philippine
Revolution
February 17, 1872 August 1896

January 20, 1872 October 1887

Cavite Mutiny Jose Rizal's
El Filibusterismo

Our Philippine independence can be

tracked back from the cavite mutiny
Thank You
for listening!