IIT Presentation

 Introduction
 What is information technology?
 Information technology (IT) is the use of any computers, storage, networking and other
physical devices, infrastructure and processes to create, process, store, secure and
exchange all forms of electronic data. Typically, IT is used in the context of business
operations, as opposed to technology used for personal or entertainment purposes.

 Why do we need information technology? We need information technology in today's

world to establish faster communication, maintain electronic storage and
provide protection to records. In a simple way, IT makes a system of electronic
storage to provide protection for the company's record

 Benefits of IT to businesses
 - Data overload: Businesses need to process huge amounts of data. This requires large
amounts of processing power, sophisticated software and human analytical skills.
- Mobile and wireless usages: More employers are offering remote work options that
require smartphones, tablets and laptops with wireless hotspots and roaming ability.
- Cloud services: Most businesses no longer operate their own “server farms” to store
massive amounts of data. Many businesses now work with cloud services—third-party
hosting platforms that maintain that data.
- Bandwidth for video hosting: Videoconferencing solutions have become more and more
popular, so more network bandwidth is needed to support them sufficiently.

 Benefits of IT in our lives

- 1. Access to Information
- Abbreviated as www, the World Wide Web has turned the world into a social village.
That is because, all kinds of information are available on the internet widely from around
the globe. Although much of the news you get to see on social media is simply factual,
images for specific news can also be seen. Not only is there more news available, but
access to all these information is also straightforward.

- All thanks to modern technology and computer companies like Dell, IBM, Apple, etc. In
the comfort of their bed, one can get to read a book and have a cup of coffee. For this
reason, eBooks are available on the internet. Modern technology has also replaced
television radios, and even televisions have now been digitized to “LCD’s” and “LED’s.”

1. Entertainment
Widespread internet use on laptops, tablets, smartphones, iPods, and other devices has
provided us unrestricted access to diverse entertainment channels. Remember the days
when people had to wait on television for the Friday night broadcast or special telecast!
Now you can easily and conveniently download and buy music, movies, TV shows, and
games.

2. Communication
Modern technology has replaced old technology, it’s a fact. And without that replacement
we cannot imagine our lives. Letters were less than a century ago the most common form of
communication, but now no one will even think of writing a letter because why would you
want a paperwork over a video call?

Instant messaging and photo and video sharing has never been so easy. We have to
understand that it’s only the use of technology that makes it harmful otherwise nothing can
beat the level of comfort in our lives that is because of technology.

Businesses are gaining maximum benefit from this and employees distributed across a wide
range can now stay connected via internal chat rooms or open source apps.

3. Learning Techniques
 Bring a little fun into your classroom. You can develop your teaching skills and incorporate
research approaches that will offer your students inspiration. Most apps and electronic
devices are implemented to help educate the students. An individual can be amazed by the
simplest example of a calculator. The solution comes with only one click, with several
calculations and different binary operations.

4. Disabled are Empowered

Nowadays modern science and technology has made almost everything possible. Recently,
brails were discovered that operate on the electronic pulses. Artificial foot, smart sticks, and
what not. Handicapped people are no longer disabled. They are certainly alongside the
normal ones in the long run of success.

 Components of Information technology

1. Software
2. Hardware
3. People is the computer user. Also, kwon as the humanware. The user commands
the computer system to execute on instructions.

 Types of People:
 Involved in Information Systems
https://opentextbook.site/informationsystems2019/chapter/chapter-9-the-
people-in-information-systems-information-systems-introduction/

https://pressbooks.pub/bus206/chapter/chapter-people/

 End user

The final or ultimate user of a computer system. The end user is the individual who
uses the product after it has been fully developed and marketed. The term is useful
because it distinguishes two classes of users, users who require a bug -free and
finished product (end users), and users who may use the same product for
development purposes. The term end user usually implies an individual with a
relatively low level of computer expertise. Unless you are a programmer or
engineer, you are almost certainly an end user.
An individual who uses a computer. This includes expert programmers as well as
novices. An end user is any individual who runs an application program.

https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/u/user.htm

https://prezi.com/hxsbb1_5h9kl/types-of-computer-users/
https://www.slideshare.net/HafizLatfi/the-different-types-of-computer-users-38769444
 - Humanware

Humanware refers to the person that uses the computer. More specifically, it is about the individual
that brings together the hardware and software components to make them productive.

Typically, a great deal of testing is done on software packages and hardware parts to ensure they
enhance the end-user experience to aid in creating documents, musical and video recordings, and all
forms of raw and finished data.

- Humanware:
The person, who can use the system, is called 'Human Ware ". He is also called as "User".
Users are in two types:
i. Programmer: The person, who can develop programs, is called "Programmer".
ii. End User: The person, who can use the software (developed programs), is called "End
User".

- Humanware is defined in IT as hardware or software that is built around user capabilities

and user needs. This often involves creating a particular visual or physical interface for a
given set of users. The design and engineering of humanware starts with the user's
interests and needs first, and designs the infrastructure accordingly.
- Computer Humanware – All those human beings, who are related to computer in some
way or the other, are called computer humanware.000
- https://www.ebookbou.edu.bd/Books/Text/SST/DCSA/dcsa_1201/Unit-01.pdf

- In summary, we can describe the computer components list (i.e Hardware, Software and
Humanware) as the relationship compared to a function kitchen tools:

Food and cooking utensils are hardware.

The recipe is software.

The chef is humanware.

Even after purchasing the freshest ingredients and the finest pots and pans, there will not be a good
meal without a chef. He/she will make good use of listed recipes to make good of the ingredients
and utensils.

Both hardware and software can not make a computer work without human to produce a fully
functional computer system

https://www.slideshare.net/SureshKumar328/humanware-65414228
  The design of humanware
- The design of the humanware often begins with the understanding of the needs and
limitations of the end user, and then , based on that, design the final product.

Humanware is generally very tested to ensure that it is designed to improve the user
experience.

An example is the technology designed to help people with disabilities, usually begins its
development understanding the needs of the user before designing the product.

- The philosophy behind humanware is that instead of starting with an implementation

goal, the software or IT architecture design process starts with an understanding of what
users will need. For example, in a traditional desktop system, humanware might involve
changing the visual interface to make it more accessible to those with low computer
literacy. Another excellent and very common example is the designing of hardware
systems for persons with disabilities. Here, the design work starts with the basics of
what disabled individuals need from a system – whether it be elevated height of
operation, features for the visually impaired, alternatives to conventional mouse and
keyboard input, or other changes.

 What Are the Steps in Developing Humanware?

https://www.techslang.com/definition/what-is-humanware/

https://www.adcet.edu.au/inclusive-technology/physical-disability/eye-gaze-
technology#:~:text=myGaze%20is%20an%20eye%20tracker,Syndrome%20and%20Autistic
%20Spectrum%20Disorder.
  People Computer Interaction styles: all the ways a User can communicate or interact
with the computer system.

1. Command language: earliest form of interaction styles. Still used on operating systems based
on Linux and by experienced users who Type in Commands.
2. Form filling: also known as “Fill in the Blanks” best suited to data input aimed at Non-Expert
Users. Example: Google Forms, Account Register Form.
3. Menu Selection: a menu is a set of options displayed on the screen where the user selects
one.
4. Direct Manipulation: is an interaction style in which users act on displayed objects of interest
using physical, incremental, reversible actions whose effects are immediately visible on the
screen.
5. 5. Natural Language Interaction: allows the user to communicate with their computer
through a series of spoken commands, similar to how one may issue spoken commands to
another person (humanlike way).