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    Maxima_Minima and Time Rates Notes

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    2 views29 pages

    Maxima - Minima and Time Rates Notes

    Uploaded by

    noriebel Oliva

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    of 29
    —_—_——__—_—_—_ CALCULUS —— Maxima and M Problem ; “The sum of two pesidrve numbers 1s 20. Find the numbers 9) if therm preduct 1 Maximum, 6) if the sum of their Seuares 1¢ minimum, ¢) sf the pro- duct of ithe Seuare of one and the cube of the other 1§ @ maximum. Solution : tet x first positive number y+ Second positwe number a) X49 © 20 5 XxX 20-9 Pe xy p+ @o-y)y = zoy-y? oP lL 20-29 20 3; 2-24 «0 dy ay~e2o 5 y = 20/2 = 10 + Xe 20-10 = 10 Therefore ; x10 and Yr 10 b) Ge x 47s (20-u)? 4 y? Sx 400 -40y ty2+y%= 400-409 +29" ds dy O° Or 40+ 4¥ 5 408449 42 10 ond Kx10 oc) Rx x7y3 = (20-4)? 97. (400 - soy +9 2)9% 400 9 doy? ty SP oy 2 1200y7- a teoytasyt + y2(1200- toy +59) ig R 2 YxO 3 1200-l0¥+S972 0 3; 240-B2y ty% oO By auadratic formula: yw 2b4N 6. 4ac (32) + J(82)*= 40) (e4e) 2a a we 324 V 64 = 82t 6 2 2 Y= 20 C positive) relevant value Ys 12 Cnegotive ) acceptable if Ys 12, then Xx 2O-12 = B Petermine the dimensions of @ right cireular eylin- der of a) maximum volume which can be inserited in a sphere of rodus 8" . b) maximum loteral surface area. | Solution ; @- SSE a) Volume » Vegtinder Ve mr?(ox) = 2tr*x where: re radius of the cylinder 2x* altifjude of the yliider also: X*+r% Re, r7a Rx? —___ 2 $2 Substitute fa. 2 mtv £e.s Veyliider 2 er C At-x*) x Ve eWR%- x? 40 be maximized dv t 2 - av. anf rt. ax*] + 0 then: nf- 3172 0, 5x72 Bt Xa R? , but Re Be 3 x 8 ais Fy va 3 therefore + to 3 attitude « ax = 2(8V3/s) ~ ae radive (r) = | (8)?- Ge8)* od| Ais (ey ~ [Sze Be, A384 9 9 3 b) Ae tne (ax). but ye ater? ane (VBErt) as [raderey car) fae | then: o4(4N) - 41 (207) =0 artsy. G4 ee, Pees {a2 2 ale Xe Yos- aa) * for. az hz 2X = 2(4¥z)= BY2 a pece of wire 10 meters long 1s +o be cut nto two pieces, one of which 1 to be bent info the form of a Seuare and the other into the form ef a if the sum of the Setermine the lengths fer each areas of the Seudre and the circle © @ minimum. Solution : Let; P: tedas length « tom Ss side of peeuare 5 2 = diameter of a circle Pw 45+ WD — ¢ Area ef couare ~« GS? Area of a circie « ? Area rotal » S*+ er) From eo. 454+ moe 10 ; ow 0-48 Hug " 7 Substitute Fe. 3 into Fe.2 2 a . Ay < ot, 1 on €3\2 sty n( 10. 4s) st, (0-48) . ny” ar a a AA ass a (e- 45)(-4) «0 ds the ais - *(10-4s) , ; Ws - 20488 =o wT S (2M +g) = 20 ~ 20 10 2reeg oa therefore Length of seuare = 4Se af a peed 25.6 m nee For the circle : MDs P-4S = 10-56 = 4.4 meter \ The product of two positive numbers is 16. Find the oumber; 0) if therm sum 13 least ; ») if the cum ef one and the ‘Seuare of the other reas+, Solubon ; fete x= 12 positive number PS eRe rs Ys 2"% positive number a xt9+S Se Kty | but xyste , xe le/y Seeing . tery? ‘yr a ds 6 (29) - (otyDG) . 2d te ny? a dy y2 y? y? ute co 5 yt Ie 5 ye 4 ano we ng b) S = x+y? Se Hiayte tety? 9 ds. y (3%) ~ Qo43)C) _ ay? 10 -y3 ao = eee > dy 4 y 297-16 20 i y*2 12 2 9 Ie . Ys and xe 28 - A right eiecular cylinder 1 inscribed A a right cir. cular cone ef roduis rr, Find the radius R of the cylinder ; a) if its volume 13 a terol Grea 6 =a maximum. Maximum ¥ (8) (mir 82) wey rm [ r(ar)+ A%0)-3R*] = tt ferk- srt] aa h ‘ no ; 2 [arR- 3h J«e aR geht jf rea oo ReGr b) Area: A Ae 2mRX Sana [te ay] + att (Be - 8?) A A ant [ro)« Roo) - 28] gh AT -2 = seo , anpfe ery re r-2R <0 + F22R R=—— ; = 256 A Pt Ox 32x ix @ then: y.V8(2) ~4 + (2,4) therefore the minimum distance + {-4)% (4-2)? « Vara S:V@ = 2f2 units pay sates ‘ x? wv? A rectangie 1s incribed. in the ellipse 4 2_ a . Foo wih ts sides parallel 40 the axis of whe ethipse, Find the dimensions ef the rectangle of % moximum area , 6) maximum perimeter which canbe so inscribed, Solution: 2 x y et 400 225 a’, +00 ; az 20 and 6 *+ 225 5 be Is are 22s 2 2 40092 EY one ; 400 - +24 400 ~ 225 ' 226 Poe 400 (225) - 400 4? 400(225)-400 ¥7 azs * is xe 20 1 225-9? 1S a) Area: A = xY a. sf remain =eipt [-soceasy-a)] 1s differentiating : S S z[s (4) (400x226 S ee soo) | * al [rotass) 7 wf = 400g? io : + J 400(225)- 40057 5 «Set PA 2 0 Grene - 800974 400 (225) =O ; B005"> 400 (225) yt 425 , ¥=15 « 15N8 2 vz 2 Ta Is rs x= 20 450 2 \450 _ 24725 (2) . 30N2 215) 3 3 3 X= 10V2 ~, Wiath of rectangle = 2y% 2 (15 WR/2) = 1svz tength of rectangle = 2x > 2 (io Vz) = 202 exw = 202 x 1s VE b) Maximum Per*meter pixey 6 ¥400(225)- 4009" a 1S dP - 6004) } 1 ths 2 =e a a De fi (400(225) - aooy2) ( 4 4009 rs \ 400x225 ~ - #004 rT #00 X22S - 40097 Set . then 18 {90000 - 40097 -~ ¥OPY eo 16 §90000 - 0097 = #004 Souaring both sides 2 225 (90000 - sony") = 10000 yo 006 (225) = 100000474 225( 400) 9? 2 20250000 Yo 250 000 Y= 9 Xe —¥400(226) = 40016) IS Wrath 2 2y = (9)(2) 916 Length = 2x = 2(w) = 32 7 ke Ww © 32% 18 The strength of & rectangle beam ' proportional to the breadth and the souare ef te depth. Find the dimension of He Strongest beam that con be cut from a leg 30 cm in diameter. Fh Solution : . iy a | 0 omg—"| ? let: ‘ X= breadth of tHe beam J» depth of the beam So « strength of the beam then: Ss kKxy ; Ke constant of Pre portionality x74 y%2 30% 5 x74y% Goo 3 97s Goo- x2 then: $= k (x) (go0- x*) differentiate with respect te x and eeuating to zero, Bs. g00- 3x? wo dx ax? 900 ; x = 300 ; *%* 17-32 om go: {900-300 + 24.49 «mM Modified Rule ef Maxima and Minima see Sa Na ee Rule: To get the maximum and minimum ef 9 *¥lx) where; atxe b step Find the ertical pole) xo Che. f'(xo)s0o) Ft ts possible. Step I: Grane ge flr) OF K20, xeb ano at xxuXe i ke ews Sep a: crom to = fla) ; 962 F(b) ong Yeo + FX) LF xo exist; Select the [ongest_ value ) 4, the [ =arimam— smallest Yolve Problem : An inhomogeneous metat red 10 meler tong has the density P( k9/m*) which changes from point to point along whe rod according to : P= 2x4 100, ehere x 15 wh meter as Measured from the lef end of whe bar. Fina the point en the red with the maximum density . : infomoge neous - density 1s Not constant Gelution: aszxeb j aco o< x €10 b 10 step I Pezxrwo ; Beate . ' theres 10 siticod point , Xe does nef exsst Step I 3 fax fox 200) +d wo ka lm foe Pro » 20) #100 = 120 feos doos rot exist Step @. For maximum , choose. Pmon » Pos fy = '2? kg [m5 Therefore: at K210 ; Pig maximum, ; a 2 Find the pont on the eurve + —3-—+ x =) nearest Yo the pomt (8,0) that 13 Solution + Using Distance Formula: Su ((x-s)*+ (v-0)® = [ena Substitute vy? te S, then? ‘ ok ds ls (2.36 ni ox +28)? (0.7276) “2 dx? _ eax -@ te 2 fosex-ex+2s o72K~ 620 3 X= So.72 = B33 sirrelevant erjfeal pont. Observe: . Ss. os Ox+25 “sexes as-s b= Use ,Moadfied rule Sep I: xe = 8.33 Sep I Sax Sig §086(-s)-66s)e25 © 8 Sbe Ssx Yooe ls) ele)e?s xe Step I For the minimum, ohvose She Sez 2 Therefore . Pomt (6,0) ic whe nearest port 4 (a,>) Partiqi Derivatryes Oefines Given: © =Flxu), then 36/ax 18 the derivatives of S with respect to x, considering 9 lemporardy as @ constant. Ao only while vetting the derivatives, Similarly; 2S/ay % the derivatives of $ with res. pect +0 Y, considering xX temporarily* as a constant. Exampe: Given: Sef Quy)= 1% je axyttay® Find: a) O8/ox =, sb) AS/ay Solution ~ ai - ° a) 28/ax x 3x Lp tS Ge b)ds/ag + 0+ + 4x'y t+ 2oyF To get the maximum or the minimum ef S.~ f(xy) Step I: ; Find @sf/ax and ds/ay Step I get as/ax-o (i) Set acfayzo (Ci) step Solve eeuction & and ti for the value of x andy. These value of x and y will usually give the maximum er minimum of S& »~Ff (x,y) as the caSe may be. Problem « Find three numbers whese sum 150 but whose product 1S maximum. Solution ~ tet: x, 9 anol z be +e three Sumbers x+94+ FB = IO fe SO-x-9 Pexg2 = x9 (iso-*-9)——? Peisoxy-x*y-xy9* tobe maximized toke partial derivative of P with respect 4o x oP 2 (150 x9 ~ nty- xu?) 2 Soy - 2x9-9* ax on oP lo (ise - 2x-9)9 =e ox : 3 1$0-2K% YO 3 GRO take partal derivative ef P sith respect to gP 2 B = yn (150 xg - x*y - x9") = Sox - x*- 209 Pe, (50 - 29 -x)x =o oo) 1$0~29->% =O Py intone a i i te Solve w and 4 Simultaneously (160 -2x -¥ =o )2 160 ~K ~ 29 =O 300 - 4x - 29 = 0 150 - % 729 =O 180 - 3% ~O 0 if x= 180, then Ye 160-2(80) = 180 -100 © Sd also: 2+ 1§0~x-y = [Se ~SO-S>0 * 5D os xe 50 y = $0 2 =50 if the pockage that can be Sent +hrough a certain messengerial firm should have the sum of Hs girth ( Perimeter of the cross secten) and length not exceeding Boo om: : Find the dimensions of rectangular box of mani- mum volume that con be Sent threugh the firm, Solution : Volume of the box (VY) VO) eee Frth + length = goo axt¢2ytZ = 800 2 @: 3oo-2K-2y Substitute 2 inte Ve xy(300-2%- 24) = sooxy- 2x9 - 2x9” toke partial derivative of V with respect +o x ov 2 te (300 xy - ax?y- 297) =~ @oo- #x-29)H ae v Booy - 4xy - 29” We0; Boo-4gx- 29 © ————— foke park’al derivative of Y with respect te y =a (s0oxg - 2x*y - 2xy") ay ay Boon - 2xt axe = (Goo- 49- ax) v «02 Keo ; Soo-F¥~ 2K +O —— # Solve 3 and # Simultaneously : (goo. ¢x- 29 so)? goo - 2X -49 =o paeannienaais alate relee 600 ~ @x - 49 =o goo - 2x - 44 =O x= SO em goolsiéx) see 9s Ss Boo 3 zy = 100; Y= Foem if x= 50 300 - ¢(S0)- 249 =O ; then: #« 3oo- 2(60)- 2(so) BOd- 100-100 2 100 em therefore, ‘he dimension ts Soem % SO Cm K 100 em Same preblem except that the box 4s egyhnideicay Solution + Ve cylindevcol boxS volume ve mere girth + length = 8ee are + f = 800 then: ; bx Soo- amr Ye Wr? (300-2mr) = soone*= ax'r* fohe partial der‘vative of V with respect 40 7, then eauate to zero joe ae coore2, 2n2p$) or or ~ soon (2r) - en? (ar*) . Gootr -~ on?r* wo Goon - 6? -)r=e eo 5 Fre coo mW - 6N*r eo onr = coon ee Oe ee ns om then: p, 300 -2 (2) . there fore, re Joo - 208 = /09cm the dimension &: Kee and fe f00 om Problem ; A balloon 15 cising vertically ever a pont A on +he ground at the ate of 15 fF /sec. 9 pomt B en the ground 1s level with go feet from A. when the batloon 1% 40 # from A, at what rate 1 hs dis. fance from 8 changing ? Solutton: RK @ Tiere a Ba OI ee b—ss “feet” --f a AX. we feet /sec a dt at 7 © 2 d2.? giz 40%s go = 4007900 ot ae * t a —_* dx 40 ot 2 ae * =) d@ 2 12 feet / sec Water is being withdrawn from a comcas reservoir g feet in cadius and to feet deep at 4 $2 / min. a) tow fast & the surface folliag when the depth of water $ G feet deep. b) How fast. 1s the radius of wis surfoce diminishing: Solution : Sil, G2 10 nue ot ,? sr pe a) ¥* J—1r ths ils hh Sr sn Tt av. _3I__ 3) (h*) dh gg 100 at at oth 4 (100) _ 428 _ Le , at "en ht “grtey? tT Pt] min ec reth = + et(-St) «geet b)V¥= s- eth gome* (3) ao dv | en 2 ‘ RU (alr? gee ; when hee a 8 ‘ ae : , a), o SST eS ge 4(3) 12(25) yoo dt Tone)? C8) aro dr, _30 10 lt an a7 7 ff per min- A lacder 20 feet long leans against a house. kind the cote at which the top of the ladder is moving downward g ts foot 18 12 feet from the house ancl moving away at the rate of 24 per sec. Solution, a ox ie feet /sec. ae By Bight Trrangle ¢ Pythagerean rheorem) “ G@oyt= x74 9% : when x =12 o « axon y 2y oy Wim 20% 12%6 400-749 ae at * os ese v= le dy. X_ ox at y at 2 Og oem (eg)) we Aw S Pest! per Second, ae le 16 2 A solution 1@ paseing through @ conical filter 24 inches deep Ond 1c'nches acregg the top inte a eylinde’ cot vessel of dhameter 12 inches. At whet rate i we level of the solution 47 cylinder rising if when the deph of He solution in the filter 18 12 inches. He level 's talliig at the rete of: inch per minute. Solution + \24 | 12 ' 4 ! hog 1 wien J min at 41 for the conieal +ank : eS ee ee ee et oe 24 A 24 3 Volume of cone Veone 2 1 Veone = ne he Sr(ayn et he -av 0 2 = *~ —(3)h* oh . Ep? dh ot 27 ata 3 Ah 5 At he !2 , shen

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