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Microbes are widely used for scientific development.

Microbes and their genes have been essential in


discovering DNA as genetic material and, today, they are useful for different purposes – for instance:

 the detection of CoViD-19 (Sars-Cov-2 is its full virus name) by Polymerase Chain
Reaction (PCR) analysis of nose swabs,
 pharmaceuticals production
 targeted therapies, including cancer therapies.

Esther Lederberg was a pioneer of microbial genetics, which is the study of the processes how
microorganisms can inherit information. Even though she is responsible for discoveries that shaped
the direction of subsequent biological research, she never achieved the same fame as her male
colleagues and missed out on a Nobel Prize.

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