2.

(suggestions)
prevent pregnancy disclose information give reason
affect absorbtion prescribe antibiotics explain reason
reduce protection affect pregnancy give explanation
find explanation reduce absorption
take medical history question patients

3. (suggestions)

1. Are you on the pill, madam?

2. I am going to prescribe some antibiotics and I want to avoid any interaction.
3. What kind of oral contraceptive is it?
4. Which stage of the cycle are you in at the moment?
5. Are you taking it for contraception only?
6. As the antibiotics I am prescribing may affect your contraceptive cover, remember to take extra
precautions when having sex.

4.
9; 12; 1; 11; 4; 13; 3; 8; 5; 10; 7; 2; 6;

5.
It is important that dentists take complete medical history to ensure safe treatment 1. with
antibiotics for their patients. With infections becoming more complex 2. and chronic conditions
more widespread, patients should inform their dentists about the medications they are taking for
their medical conditions. Some antibiotics could cause problems if a dentists does not know about
another drug a patient is taking. The antibiotics 3. commonly used to treat oral infections may
have already been prescribed by the patient’s physician. This may lead to overuse and microbal
drug resistance to antibiotics 4. which can develop very quickly. When an antibiotic is prescribed,
the course has to be finished. Patients often abandon their medication 5. once they feel better but
they have only eradicated the most susceptible microorganisms 6. and left the ones that tend to
become drug resistant. That is one of explanations for the emergence of mutated bugs.

LANGUAGE SPOT 1
a. pyorrhoea e. seborrhoea i. hypermenorrhoea
b. oligomenorrhoea f. cystorrhoea j. hydrorrhoea
c. dysmenorrhoea g. dacryorrhoea
d. diarrhoea h. sudorrhoea

TEST YOURSELF 1
1. There are several questions that a dentist has to ask during an interview.
2. When taking medical history he should ask the female patient about the pill.
3. Prescribed antibiotics may reduce the absorption of the oral contraceptive.
4. Patients on the pill may lose their contraceptive cover.
5. Vomiting affects contraceptive pill absorption and so a woman may lose her protection
6. The doctor should not be satisfied if the underage patient denies taking the pill.
7. By signing the medical history form the patient confirms that her answers were true
8. The doctor is responsible for warning the patient about taking additional precautions when
having sex.

7.
1. disease, uncommon
2. mortality, prophylaxis
 3. defects
4. contaminated, mucosal, transient
5. valves, endocardium, endocarditis
6. cover, development, inducing
7. prosthetic, history, adequate
8. occur, unusual events, fever, following
9. regimen, cause, dose
10. taking, drug

8.
1 - H; 2 - E; 3 - B; 4 - I; 5 - G; 6 - C; 7 - A; 8 - J; 9 - F; 10 - D

9.
A.
1. apply... topical anaesthetic 8. remove... gloves
2. pick up... syringe 9. develop... illness
3. inject... local anaesthetic 10. write out... prescription
4. replace... heart valves 11. receive... consent
5. undertake... procedure 12. make... appointment
6. rule out... risks 13. elicit... information
7. take... medications

B.
1. surgical... removal 8. heart... surgery
2. impacted... molar 9. fatal... illness
3. local... anaesthesia 10. antibiotic... cover
4. mandibular... canal 11. uneventful... healing
5. lingual... nerve 12. nerve... damage
6. informed... consent 13. cardiological... complications
7. well-healed... scar

10.
According to a recent study,... D, C
The American Dental Association, however,... I, B, E
Extractions, periodontal surgery, scaling, and implant placement... F, A, H, G

LANGUAGE SPOT 2
a. stomatitis e. periodontitis i. mucositis
b. glossitis f. tonsillitis j. alveolitis
c. gingivitis g. pharyngitis
d. pulpitis h. laryngitis

TEST YOURSELF 2
1. Giving informed consent to the surgical treatment is mandatory.
2. The dentist should also elicit information about the history of cardiological complications.
3. Patients with cardiac defects require antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent infective endocarditis.
4. Every time teeth are extracted blood becomes infected with oral bacteria.
5. Such bacteremia may weaken damaged heart valves and inflame endocardium.