If we had a normal distribution or bell curve then standard desviation is a usefil value

+- s -> 95.6%

+-2s -> 95.6%

+- 3s -> 99.8%

Six sigma is +- 6s or 99.99966% or roughly 3.4 defects per million samples

DESIGN/ SAFETY FACTORS

Design stress is based on expected stress, σ e, level multiplied by desing factor

- σ d=N ' σ e
- Over engineering
- Safety stress or working stress based off the yield stress
σy
- σ d=
N
- assume worseperformance
WEIBULL MODULUS
m
−σ f
 F = 1 – exp( )
σ0
 F is the probability of failure (0 < F < 1)
 F = 0.5 means avg strength or 50% failure
 σ f = strength of failure
 σ 0 = scaling parameter

A higher weibull modulus is a narrower distribution

( ) ( )( )
m m
1 σf 1 σf
=exp entonces ln =
1−F σ0 1−F σ0

( ( ))
ln ln
1
1−F
=mln σ f −mln σ 0

Y = mx + B

Where m is the weibull modulus. Large Weibull modulus desirable (less spread in failure data)

Rank samples in order of failure and determine F by F = (n – 0.5)/N wher n is the nth # of order in
failure and N is the total number of samples
Figura1: Weibull plots of PVA fiber at different temperatures