NCM 105 LECTURE

NUTRITION LECTURE / PPT OF CI

for these changes by helping her become

NUTRITION DURING PREGNANCY & LACTATION
knowledgeable and responsible for her own health and
wellbeing of her infant.
ROLE IN WELLNESS
 The prenatal period is characterized by numerous BODY COMPOSITION CHANGES DURING
physiologic, psychological and social changes in the
PREGNANCY
mother in preparation for birth and care of the young.
 Hormones of Pregnancy
 It is a time when a woman often expresses and interest
o Progesterone helps in relaxing the smooth muscle
and motivation in improving her eating habits,
realizing she is the sole source of nourishment for her cells of the uterus, the same effect in the GI tract.
developing infant. The decreased in gut motility is the promotion of
constipation.
 The goal of health promotion is to prepare a woman
JUMAWAN, FRANCES TREESA LOUISE
1
NCM 105 LECTURE
NUTRITION LECTURE / PPT OF CI
o Progesterone increases renal sodium excretion
during pregnancy. The body compensates from
this sodium-losing mechanism by releasing
aldosterone from adrenal gland.
 Metabolic changes
o The basal metabolic rate rises during pregnancy by
as much as 15% to 20% by term. This increased is
cause by the increased oxygen needs of the fetus
and maternal support tissues.
o The fetus prefers to use glucose as its primary
energy source. The adaptation allows the mother
to use fat as the primary fuel source.
 Anatomic & Physiological Changes
o Plasma volume doubles during pregnancy,
beginning in the 2nd trimester. Failure to achieve
this plasma expansion may result to:
 spontaneous abortion, stillbirth or low
birth weight infant
o Measured components in the plasma such as
hemoglobin, serum proteins and vitamins will
appear to be at lower levels during pregnancy.
o Cardiac hypertrophy occurs to accommodate this
JUMAWAN, FRANCES TREESA LOUISE
2
NCM 105 LECTURE
NUTRITION LECTURE / PPT OF CI
increased blood volume.
o In the kidneys, the glomerular filtration rate
increases to accommodate the expanded maternal
blood volume being filtered and to carry away
fetal waste products
 Weight Gain in Pregnancy
o There are three components in maternal weight
gain:
1. Increased blood and extracellular fluid
volume
2. Increased size of uterus and breasts
3. The fetus and the placenta
RECOMMENDED TOTAL WEIGHT GAIN
RANGES FOR PREGNANT WOMEN, BY
PREPREGNANCY
BODY MASS INDEX (BMI)
The recommended target weight gain for obese women
(BMI >29) is at least 6kg.
Overweight and obese women should gain enough
JUMAWAN, FRANCES TREESA LOUISE
3
NCM 105 LECTURE
NUTRITION LECTURE / PPT OF CI

weight to support the fetus and maternal support tissues

but without increasing total body fat.

ENERGY AND NUTRIENT NEEDS DURING

PREGNANCY

JUMAWAN, FRANCES TREESA LOUISE

4