MEP341 – Refrigeration and Air-

Conditioning
Lecture 1
Dr. Asmaa Ramadan El-Sayed
Assistant Professor – Mechanical Power Engineering Dept.
Faculty of Engineering – Ain Shams University
 Course Outline
• Introduction to refrigeration • Reciprocating compressors
• Review of reversed Carnot cycle • Psychrometry
• Simple VCC & Refrigerant • HVAC systems and Equipment
properties
• Actual cycle + Control &
Protection
• Modification in VCC
Applications of HVAC&R

Refrigeration and Air-

conditioning

Air-
Refrigeration
Conditioning

Gas
Food industry liquefaction Human Industrial
and storage and comfort applications
cryogenics
Reversed
Carnot
Cycle
 Equations

𝑄𝐿 𝑄𝐿 𝑇𝐿
COP𝑅𝑒𝑓 = = =
𝑊 𝑄𝐻 −𝑄𝐿 𝑇𝐻 −𝑇𝐿
𝑄𝐻 𝑇𝐻
COP𝐻𝑃 = = = COP𝑅𝑒𝑓 + 1
𝑊 𝑇𝐻 −𝑇𝐿
Reversed Carnot Cycle
• Point (2) is impossible to achieve
• Also, a compressor can’t deal with a point in the
mixture region
• Using a turbine is a very expensive choice
• So, this cycle is impossible to achieve in the
actual life
Vapor Compression Cycle (VCC)
Pressure-Enthalpy
Diagram
p

h
 Thermodynamic Analysis
• State 1: Saturated vapor at 𝑝𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑝 Refrigeration capacity = 𝑄𝐿
• State 2: Superheated vapor at 𝑝𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 𝑄𝐿 = 𝑚ሶ 𝑟𝑒𝑓 × ℎ1 − ℎ4 = 𝑄𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑝
• State 3: Saturated liquid at 𝑝𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 𝑊𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝 = 𝑚ሶ 𝑟𝑒𝑓 × ℎ2 − ℎ1
• State 4: Saturated mixture at 𝑝𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑝 𝑄𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 = 𝑚ሶ 𝑟𝑒𝑓 × ℎ2 − ℎ3
where ℎ3 = ℎ4 ℎ3 = ℎ4
𝑄𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑝
COP =
𝑊𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝
 Ton Refrigeration
• Ton refrigeration is a unit used to define the refrigeration capacity
• It is defined as the amount of energy (heat of fusion) required to melt one
ton of ice at 0ᵒC through 1 day

1 T.R. = 3.5 kW = 12,000 btu/hr

Questions?