MEP341 – Refrigeration and Air-

Conditioning
Lecture 2 & 3
Dr. Asmaa Ramadan El-Sayed
Assistant Professor – Mechanical Power Engineering Dept.
Faculty of Engineering – Ain Shams University
 Conditions to choose a suitable refrigerant

• Positive saturation pressure at 𝑝𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑝 • High latent heat

• High critical pressure • Non-toxic
• High T at low 𝑝𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 • Non-flammable
• Low freezing T • Material compatibility
• Low cost • Oil miscibility
• Low viscosity • Low specific volume
• Environment friendly • Thermal conductivity
 History of Refrigerants

1856 1930 1970 1987 1995 1997 2000

 Refrigerant Designation
1. Methane (R 000 series), ethane Example:
(R100 series) and propane R-11, R-12, R-22, R134a
series (R200 series)
R-xyz
x: C – 1
y: H + 1
z: F
 Refrigerant Designation
2. Zeotropic and Azeotropic Example:
mixtures R-404A, R-407B, R-407C, R-507
R-400 and R-500 series
 Refrigerant Designation
3. High organic compounds Example:
R-600 series R-600, R-600a, R-601
 Refrigerant Designation
4. Inorganic compounds Example:
R-700 series R-717, R-718, R-744
 Refrigerant Designation
5. Unsaturated organic compounds Example:
R-1100 & R-1200 series R1270, R1234yf, R1234ze(E)
 Safety Groups

1 2 3
Non-toxic
Non-toxic
Non-toxic Medium
A Low flammability flammability
High flammability

Toxic
Toxic Toxic
B Low flammability
Medium
High flammability
flammability
Cycle Performance
Effect of Changing 𝒑𝒆𝒗𝒂𝒑 & 𝒑𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒅
Actual Cycle with Friction Losses
Actual Cycle
Control &
Protection
Devices
(1) Compressor (9) Evaporator
(2) Oil separator (10) Suction line
filter
(3) Condenser
(4) Receiver
(11) Suction
accumulator
(5) Filter dryer (12) Low-pressure
(6) Solenoid valve control
(7) Sight glass (13) High-pressure
control.
(8) Expansion
device
Questions?