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Republic of the Philippines
Courses Offered:
MARINDUQUE STATE COLLEGE Bachelor of Science in Industrial Technology
Automotive Technology Drafting Technology
SCHOOL OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY
Electrical Technology Food Technology
Panfilo P.Manguera Sr. Rd., Tanza, Boac, Marinduque 4900
Mechanical Technology Welding & Fabrication Technology
Tel. No.: 754-0089
(AACCUPRE-ACCREDITEDLEVEL 3)
Email Address: industrialtechnology.1952@gmail.com
Mechanics
and
Heat
Impulse and Momentum
o Momentum
o Impulse
MODULE
o Conservation of Linear Momentum
At the end of the module, you should be able to:
• distinguish the motion of center of mass of a system to the

momentum and force acting on the system
• established the relationship between impulse and momentum
• analyzed and explain the necessary conditions in the Law of
Conservation of momentum
Have you ever think how momentum and impulse

affect in other’s life?
How does momentum and impulse give impact to

every matter?
Give an example of momentum and impulse

application or event.
School Goals: “Produce highly skilled Industrial Technologists trained in their respective discipline socially
responsible for the innovative state of the art technology and be globally competitive.”
”ACTION WITH EXCELLENCE”

Courses Offered:
Tel. No.: 754-0089
Momentum→ the measure of the tendency of a moving

body to continue moving at constant
velocity is the product of its mass and
Momentum
its velocity.
is “mass in
motion”
where: ρ = momentum (N)

m = mass (kg)
∆v = change of velocity (𝑚)
𝑠
Momentum is the product of the mass of an object and its velocity. In the absences of external
forces, the momentum of the group of interacting objects always remains the same. This relationship
is the law of conservation of momentum.
All objects have mass; so if an object is moving, then it has momentum – it has its mass in
motion. The amount of momentum which an object has is dependent upon two variables:
(a) how much matter is moving?
(b) how fast the matter is moving?

Courses Offered:
Tel. No.: 754-0089
If an object is at rest, it has no momentum – no matter how large its mass.

Momentum is not the same as inertia.
Momentum = (mass at rest )(velocity 0 ) = 0 (zero)
Momentum vs. Inertia
Inertia Momentum
An scalar quantity A vector quantity
Inertia is another property of mass that Momentum is a property of moving
resists changes in velocity; however mass that resists changes in a moving
inertia depends only on mass object’s velocity
Example:
An 8.0 kg mass has its velocity change from 10.0 𝑚 to 6.0 𝑚. Determine the change of object
𝑠 𝑠
momentum.
Given: m = 8.0 kg Find: ρ

𝑚
𝑣𝑓 = 10 𝑠
𝑚
𝑣𝑖 = 6
𝑠
Solution:
ρ = m ∙ ∆v
ρ = (8.0 kg) (10.0 𝑚– 6.0 𝑚)
𝑠 𝑠

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Tel. No.: 754-0089
Change in Momentum
In Newton’s second law states that the net external force acting on an object is equal
to the time rate of change of the object’s momentum.
∆𝒑
𝑭𝒏𝒆𝒕 =
∆𝒕
Therefore, we can say that force is the rate of change of momentum. Momentum
changes when a net force is applied. However, let us be reminded that if the momentum
changes, forces are created. Also, if the momentum changes quickly, large forces are
involved.
These concepts are merely an outgrowth of Newton’s second law. Law of acceleration
( F = m • a ) stated that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force
acting upon the object and inversely proportional to the mass of the object. By substituting the
change of velocity per unit time interval, we have
𝐹 =𝑚∙𝑎
∆𝑣
𝐹 = 𝑚 ∙ transposing equation by multiplying ( t ) both sides
𝑡
𝐹 ∙ 𝑡 = 𝑚 ∙ ∆𝑣
The quantity Force • time (𝑭 ∙ 𝒕) is known as IMPULSE. The quantity (𝑚 ∙ ∆𝑣)

is the Momentum, this quantity must be the change in momentum. The equation really says
that the
Impulse = Change in Momentum

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Tel. No.: 754-0089
Impulse → the product of force acting on an

object and the time interval during the
force acts on a moving body.
where: Ϊ = impulse (N·s)

F = force (N)
t = time (s)
Impulse is a change of momentum equal to a force times the time of application. A change
in momentum in a short time requires a large force unlike a change in momentum in a long time
requires a small force.
Force and Momentum Change
F ∙ Δt = Δ ρ
Ϊ =ρ
Impulse = Momentum

Courses Offered:
Tel. No.: 754-0089
Example:
A 50 N force is applied to a boulder for 3 sec. What impulse acted on it?
Given: F = 50 N Find: Ϊ
t = 3.0 s
Solution:
Ϊ = F ∙t
Ϊ = (50 N) (3 s)
Relationship between Momentum and Impulse
➢ From the second law of motion,

𝑣𝑓 − 𝑣 𝑖
F = m ∙a, since; a = ∆𝑣 =
∆𝑡 ∆𝑡
𝑣𝑓− 𝑣𝑖 𝑚𝑣𝑓 − 𝑚𝑣𝑖

F = m∙∙ = transpose equation
∆𝑡 ∆𝑡
F ∙ ∆t = mvf – mvi
F ∙ ∆t = m ∙ ∆v
(Impulse) =

Courses Offered:
Tel. No.: 754-0089
Conservation of Momentum
Momentum is an important quantity because it is conserved. Yet it was not conserved in the
examples in Impulse and Momentum and Force, where large changes in momentum were produced
by forces acting on the system of interest.
“The total momentum of the system remains constant.”

Before Collision =After Collision
Conservation of Momentum Principle:

“When the net external force is zero, the total momentum of
the system is conserved or constant”

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Tel. No.: 754-0089
Problem 1
A 100 g marble strikes 25 g marble lying on a smooth horizontal surface squarely. In the
impact, the speed of the larger marble is reduced from 100 𝑐𝑚 to 60 𝑐𝑚 . What is the speed of the
𝑠 𝑠
smaller marble?
Given: mB = 100 g Find: vS2

mS= 25 g
vB1 = 100 𝑐𝑚
𝑠
vB2 = 60 𝑐𝑚
𝑠
Solution:
before impact =after impact
mB (vB1) + mS(vS1) = mB (vB2) + mS (vS2)
100 g (100 𝑐𝑚) + 25 g ( 0 ) = 100 g (60 𝑐𝑚) + 25 g (vS2)
𝑠 𝑠
10 000 g 𝑐𝑚+0 = 6000 g 𝑐𝑚 + 25 g (vS2)

𝑠 𝑠
25 g (vS2) = (10 000 – 6000) g 𝑐𝑚

𝑠
𝑐𝑚
4 000 𝑔
vS2 = 𝑠
25 𝑔
Self Practice:
1. Determine the momentum of a 2000 kg car moving northward at 30 m/s.
2. A bullet travelling at 350 m/s is brought to rest by an impulse of 50 N•s. What is the
mass of the bullet?

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Republic of the Philippines

Impulse and Momentum

o Conservation of Linear Momentum

At the end of the module, you should be able to:

• distinguish the motion of center of mass of a system to the

Have you ever think how momentum and impulse

How does momentum and impulse give impact to

Give an example of momentum and impulse

”ACTION WITH EXCELLENCE”

Momentum→ the measure of the tendency of a moving

where: ρ = momentum (N)

”ACTION WITH EXCELLENCE”

If an object is at rest, it has no momentum – no matter how large its mass.

Momentum = (mass at rest )(velocity 0 ) = 0 (zero)

Momentum vs. Inertia

Given: m = 8.0 kg Find: ρ

”ACTION WITH EXCELLENCE”

The quantity Force • time (𝑭 ∙ 𝒕) is known as IMPULSE. The quantity (𝑚 ∙ ∆𝑣)

Impulse = Change in Momentum

”ACTION WITH EXCELLENCE”

Impulse → the product of force acting on an

where: Ϊ = impulse (N·s)

Force and Momentum Change

”ACTION WITH EXCELLENCE”

Relationship between Momentum and Impulse

➢ From the second law of motion,

𝑣𝑓− 𝑣𝑖 𝑚𝑣𝑓 − 𝑚𝑣𝑖

”ACTION WITH EXCELLENCE”

“The total momentum of the system remains constant.”

Conservation of Momentum Principle:

”ACTION WITH EXCELLENCE”

Given: mB = 100 g Find: vS2

10 000 g 𝑐𝑚+0 = 6000 g 𝑐𝑚 + 25 g (vS2)

25 g (vS2) = (10 000 – 6000) g 𝑐𝑚

1. Determine the momentum of a 2000 kg car moving northward at 30 m/s.

”ACTION WITH EXCELLENCE”

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