OBSERVATIONS

Buckling of columns
Table 01: Buckling load for a column under different end conditions

End Support Buckling Load

Pin — Pin

Pin — Fixed

Fixed — Fixed

L
t

Fig 01: Dimensions of the column

Length (L) =

Width (W) =
Thickness (t) =
Buckling of circular columns (struts)
Table 02: Buckling load for circular columns
Material No Diameter (mm) Length (mm) Buckling Load (g)

1
2
Brass
3
4

1
2
Steel
3
4
Esteel = 200 GPa; Ebrass = 105 GPa

Torsion of thin-walled sections

Table 03: Open section Table 04: Closed section

Angle (𝜃) / Torque / Angle (𝜃) / Torque /

(Deg) (Nm) (Deg) (Nm)
0 0
1 0.5
2
1.0
3
1.5
4
2.0
5
2.5
6
7 3.0

8 3.5
4.0

4.5

Length of Open Section = …………………………

Length of Closed Section = …………………………