What is Sociology?

Social sciences are…

Definition of Sociology. Sociological Perspectives

Outline Key Thinkers

Functionalism
Social Institutions are…

Marxism
Sociological Imagination means…

Social Groups

Feminism
C

Values are… A

Interactionism
D

Postmodernism
Norms are…
E

Who is Auguste Comte?

Socialisation means…
 Functionalism

A consensus theory is… What is the Organic Analogy and who Internal Criticisms of Functionalism External Criticisms of Functionalism
used it?
Key Thinker

Logical Criticisms
A structural theory is…

Three Main Criticisms of Parson’s Assumptions

Three similarities between society and biological organisms.

1
Value Consensus means…
1
2

Conflict Perspective
3
Anomie means…
2
Two means of maintaining value consensus and social order

What are Social Facts and 1

who is the key thinker?
3

Action Perspective
2

The Four Basic needs of society A Manifest Function is…

Durkheim’s Ideas of Society
G An example of a manifest function is…
Society shapes the Individual

Postmodern Perspective
1
A

A Latent Function is…

Social solidarity socialisation and anomie I
An example of a latent function is…
2
L
 Marxism

A conflict theory is… Marxist Structure of a Capitalist society. Evaluation of Marxism

Over Simplified
Bourgeoisie means

Proletariat means…

Economic Determinism
Alienation means…

The features of Capitalist The features of Communist

Society . Society .
False Class Consciousness means
1 1

Lack of Revolution
2 2
Five Stages of society according
to Marx

3 3
1

Lout of date
3

5
 Neo Marxism

Humanistic Neo-Marxism Structural Neo-Marxism Evaluation of Neo-Marxism

Gramsci’s concept of hegemony means… State Apparatus

Humanistic Neo-Marxism
2
Voluntarism means

3 Levels of Structural Determinism

Ruling Class dominance is maintained by…. 1

1
2

2
3

Reasons why Ruling Class hegemony is never complete

Relative Autonomy means

Structural Neo-Marxism
1

Requirements for socialism to come about

2
Humanistic Neo-Marxism Structural Neo-Marxism

Organic Intellectuals are…

 Feminisms

Feminism in general means… 6 Structures of Patriarchy Type Outline Thinkers Evaluation

Liberal Feminism
1

Malestream means…
3

Radical Feminism
4
Patriarchy means…

Marxist Feminism
6
Three Waves of Feminism

General Features of Feminism

1
1

Intersectional
2 Feminism
2

3
Duel systems
Feminism

3
4
 Social Action Theory

5 Features of Social Action 4 Types of Action

Thinker
Key
1
Micro Approach means…
1
2

Verstehen means…
3

2
4
Summary of Social Action Theory

Evaluation of Weber

Alfred Schutz
3

Application
4

2 levels of sociological explanation

1
Verstehen

2
 Symbolic Interactionism

Key Thinkers Taking on the role of the other Labelling Theory Dramaturgical Model

Thinker: Thinker:

Definition of the
Taking on the role of others means…

Presentation of self
situation
Looking Glass Self
How do we take on the role of the other?

Management
Impression
Key Principals of Symbolic Interactionism

Career

Roles
Thinker:
Symbol Versus Instinct

Instinct means…
1 Evaluation
1 2 3 4 5

Symbol means…
2

Interpretive Phase means…

3
 Phenomenology & Ethnomethodology

Phenomenology Ethnomethodology

Edmund Husserl: Harold Garfinkel

Alfred Schutz Social order is created from…. Ethnomethodology studies….

Indexicality means Reflexicality means

Typifications means…

Breaching Experiments
Life World means…
What are they What is their purpose? What did Garfinkel conclude?

Recipe Knowledge means…

Natural Attitude means…

EVALUATION: Carib

EVALUATION: Berger and Luckman

 Structuration Theory

Two ways that action reproduce existing structures. Evaluation

Thinker
Key

Duality of Structure

Margret Archer
1

How does language illustrate the duality of structure 2

Ontological Security means

Craib
Two ways that the structure of society, action or agency
changes society.
Two elements of structure

1
1

2 2
 Postmodernism

4 Characteristics of a Modern Society. Postmodernism Late Modernity

Summary Summary

Giddens: Key Features of Late Modernity

2 Meta Narrative means… Relativist Position means…

1
3
2
Lyotard and language Games Baudrillard and Simulacra
4
3

Globalisation means…
Ulrich Beck: Risk Society

Manufactured Risk

4 Changes of Globalisation
Individualisation
Evaluation
1
Philo and Miller Best and Kellner Enlightenment Risk Consciousness
Project

2 Evaluation

Rustin Hirst Risk & the Poor

4
 Research Design

Hypothesis means Correlation means Ethnographies means Pilot Study means

Qualitative data is… Longitudinal Study means Case Study means

Quantitative data is… The Hypothetico-Deductive Model Factors when choosing a topic

Reliability means…
2

Validity means…

5
Triangulation means…

6
 Factors Influencing Method Choice

Practical Factors Ethical and Moral Factors

Access to the Participants Type of data required Informed Consent Confidentiality

Personal Characteristics of the Time Available Covert Research / consent Privacy

Researcher

Pre-emptive Consent means

Subject Matter Cost / Funding
Harm

Deception means

Size of the sample Research Opportunity

Legality

Gate keepers are…

 Primary Research Methods

Practical Ethical Theoretical

Method Description
+ - + - + -

Open
Questionnaire

Closed
Questionnaire

Web based
Questionnaire

Unstructured
Interview

Structured
Interview

Group Interview

Overt Observation

Covert
Observation

Participant
Observation

Non-Participation
Observation

Experiments -
Lab

Experiments –
Field
 Secondary Research Methods

Practical Ethical Theoretical

Method Description
+ - + - + -

Official Statistics

Unofficial
Statistics

Personal
Documents

Public Documents

Historical
Documents

Prior Research

Content Analysis
 Sampling Methods

A population is…
Random Stratified Snowball
Description Description Description

A research population is…

+ - + - + -

A sample is…

Representative means…
Systematic Quota Opportunity
Description Description Description

Generalisability means…

+ - + - + -
 Theoretical Factors in Research

Reliability means.. Validity means.. Representativeness means.. Generalisability means..

Factors impacting Reliability Factors impacting Validity Factors impacting

Representativeness and
Research Method Hawthorne Effect Group Dynamics
Generalisability

Sample Size

Data type Social Desirability Demand Characteristics

Research Method

Participants Data Type

 Interpretivism Vs Positivism

Interpretivism Positivism

Verstehen means Social Construction means Social Facts are… Induction means…

Approach to sociological research Causality means…

Approach to sociological research Natural Science V Sociology

Preferred data type and methods Objective Quantitative Research

Preferred data type and methods

Types of Interpretivism

Sociological Perspectives
Sociological Perspectives
1

Sociologists
Sociologists

2
 Sociology and Science

5 Components of a science Falsification Realists

Thinkers: Thinkers:
1

Position on Sociology as a science. Position on Sociology as a science.

2

3
Explanation Explanation

Positivists

Thinkers:
Paradigms Interpretivists

Thinkers: Thinkers:

Position on Sociology as a science.

Position on Sociology as a science. Position on Sociology as a science.

Explanation
Explanation Explanation
 Value Freedom

Values refer to Committed Sociology

Positivists and Value Freedom
Explanation:
Thinkers:

Explanation Goldner Becker

Relativism means…

Feminists Left Realists

Value Laden Sociology

Explanation:

Three areas where sociology cannot be value free.

Weber

Explanation:
1
Areas where Sociology can be Value Free Areas where sociology cannot be Value Free

3
 Sociology and Social Policy

Social Policy means Functionalist View Marxist View Feminist View

Social Problems are

New Right View Postmodernist View

Sociological Problems are

Factors affecting the influence of sociology on social policy.