Cylinder Condition CHARTER TEAYY INDUSTRIES PAGE Contents Cylinder Condition 1. General 2. Piston Ring Function 3. Scavenge Port inspection 3.1 General 3.2 Procedure 3.3 Observations 3.4 Replacement of Piston Rings 4. Cylinder Overhaul 4.1. intervals between Piston Pulling 4.2. Initial Inspection and Removal of the Rings 43 Cleaning 4.4 Measurement of Ring Wear 4.5. Inspection of Cylinder Liner + Cylinder Wear Measurements + Correction of Wear Measurements + Maximum Wear + Checking Liner Surface 4.8 Piston Skirt, Crown and Cooling Space 47. Piston Ring Grooves 4.8. Renovating the Running Surfaces of Liner, Rings, and Skirt 49 Piston Ring Gap 4.10 Fitting of Piston Rings 4.11 Piston Ring Clearance 4.12 Cylinder Lubrication and Mounting 4.13 Running-in of Liners and Rings 4.13.1. Running-in of Liners and Rings (FPP-Plants) + Breaking-in + Running-in + Basic Setting + Actual Feed Rate 707 1@) Page 707.01 707.01 707.01 707.01 707.02 707.02 707.04 707.04 707.05 707.05 707.05 707.05 707.05 707.05 707.08 707.06 707.06 707.06 707.08 707.07 707.07 707.07 707.07 707.07 707.07 707.08 707.08 707.08 707.08 707.08Cylinder Condition CHARTER) HEAVY MOUSTRES| PAGE Contents Cylinder Condition 4.13.2. Special Remarks + Running-in One or Two Cylinders + Manoeuvring and Low Load 4.13.3 Running-in of Rings after a Piston Overhaul (FPP-Plants) 5. Factors Influencing Cylinder Wear 5.1 General 5.2 Materials 5.3 Cylinder Oil 5.4 Corrosive Wear 5.5 Abrasive Wear 6. Propeller Performance Cylinder Lubrication 1. Lubricators 2. Cyl 3. Cylinder Oils 4. Cylinder Oil Feed Rate (dosage) 4.1 General 4.2 Running-in 4.3. Basic Setting 4.4. Caloulating the Feed Rate at Specified MCR 4.5 Calculating the Pump Stroke at specified MCR. + Example: 6L6OMC 46 Calculating the Daily Oil Consumption Based on Measured Pump Stroke + Example: 6L60MC 4.7 Calculating the Feed Rate at Part Load 4.8 Special Conditions 707 28) Page 797.09 707.09 707.09 707.09 707.10 707.10 707.10 707.10 707.10 707.11 707.13 707.14 707.14 707.14 707.15 707.15 707.15 707.15 707.15 707.15 707.16 707.16 707.16Cylinder Condition ——— MeavY mousTmeS _ PAGE 368) Contents Page Plates Inspection through Scavenge Ports 70701-70705 Factors influencing Cylinder Wear 70708 Abrasive Particles 70707-70709 Running-in Cylinder Oi! Dosage, K/L-MC Engines 70710A Running-in Cylinder Oil Dosage, S-MC Engines 70710B Cylinder Condition Report 70711 Cylinder Liner Wear Points 70712 Calculating of Condensate Amount 70713 Running-in Load 70714 Feed Rates at Specified MCR 70718HEAVY INDUSTRIES 1. General To obtain and maintain a good cylinder condition involves the optimisation of many factors. Since most of these factors can change during the service period - and can be influenced by service parameters within the control of the engine room staff - it is of great importance that running condit and developments are followed as closely as possible. By means of continual monitoring it is normally possible to quickly discover abnormalities, whereby countermeasures can be taken at an early stage. In particular, it is advisable to regularly check the cylinder condition by means of inspection through the scavenge ports - especially concentrating on the piston ring condition, See Item 3.1 further on. In order to cover all aspects, this chapter is divided into seven principal subjects - each having a certain amount of topic overlap. General Piston Ring Function .. Scavenge Port inspection Cylinder Overhaul Factors Influencing Cylinder Wear Propeller Performance og eene and a separate section dealing with: Cylinder Lubrication 2. Piston Ring Function The function of the piston ring is to give a gas-tight sealing of the clearance between the piston and cylinder liner. This seal is brought about by the gas pres- sure above and behind the piston ring, which forces it downwards, against the bottom of the ring groove, and outwards against the cylinder wall. Cylinder Condition CHAPTER PAGE In order to ensure optimum sealing, it is therefore important that the piston rings, the grooves, and the cylinder walls, are of proper shape, and that the rings can move freely in the grooves (since the piston will also make small horizontal movements during the stroke). The lubrication of the piston rings influ- ‘ences the sealing as well as the wear. Experience has shown that unsatisfactory piston ring function is probably one of the main factors contributing to poor cylinder condition. For this reason, regular scavenge port observations are strongly recommend- ed as a means of judging how conditions are progressing, see Item 3.1 below. 3. Scavenge Port inspection 3.1 General Regarding intervals between scavenge port inspection, see Vol. 2, 900-4, ‘Checking and Maintenance Programme’. This inspection provides useful information about the condition of cylinders, pistons and rings, at low expense. The inspection consists of visually examin- ing the piston, the rings and the lower part of the cylinder liner, directly through the scavenge air ports To reduce the risk of scavenge box fire, re- move any oil sludge and carbon deposits in the scavenge air box and receiver in con- nection with the inspection. ‘The port inspection should be carried out at the first stop after a long voyage, e.g. by anchoring if possible, to obtain the most reliable result with regard to the effective- ness and sufficiency of the cylinder lubrica- tion and the combustion cycle (complete or incomplete).EAYY INUSTRES A misleading result may be obtained if the port inspection is carried out after arrival at harbour, since manoeuvring to the quay and low-load running, e.g river or canal passage, requires increased cylinder oil dosage, i.e the cylinders are excessively lubricated Further, during low load, the combustion cycle might not be as effective and com- plete as expected, due to the actual fuel oil qualities and service (running) condition of the fuel injection equipment. It is highly recommended to take this in- formation into consideration. 3.2 Procedure Scavenge port inspections are best carried out by two men, the most experienced of whom inspects the surfaces, and states his observations to an assistant, who records them. The assistant also operates the turn- ing gear. Keep the cooling water and cooling oil cir- culating, so that possible leakages can be detected. Block the starting air supply to the main starting vaive and starting air distributor. Open the indicator valves. Engage the tuning gear. Remove the inspection covers on the cam- shaft side of the cylinder frame, and clean the openings. Remove the cover(s) on the scavenge air receiver. Note: Do not enter the scavenge air re- ceiver before it has been thoroughly ventil- ated, Begin the inspection at the cylinder whose piston is nearest BDC. + Inspect the piston, rings, and cylinder wall Wipe the running surfaces clean with a rag to ensure correct assessment of the piston ring condition. Cylinder Condition CHAPTER 707.02-408 PAGE fee) Use a powerful lamp to obtain a true impression of the details. + Regarding the sequence, see Plate 70701. Regarding description of the conditions, see Item 3.3, points A) to H). + Record the results on Plate 70702, ‘in- spection through Scavenge Ports’ + Use the symbols shown on Plate 70703 to ensure easy interpretation of the observations. + Keep the records to form a “log book” of the cylinder condition. Continue the inspection at the next cylinder whose piston is nearest BDC, and so on according to the firing order. Note down the order of inspection for use at later inspec- tions. Check the non-return valves (flap valves! butterfly valves) in the auxiliary blower system for easy movement and possible damage. Remove any oil sludge and carbon deposits in the scavenge air boxes and receiver. Record the observations on Plate 70702. 3.3 Observations A) Piston Rings: In good Condition When good and steady service conditions have been achieved, the running surfaces of the piston rings and cylinder liner will be worn bright (this also applying to the ring undersides and the ‘floor’ of the ring grooves, which, however, cannot be seen). in addition, the rings will move freely in the grooves and also be well oiled, intact, and Not unduly worn. The ring edges will be sharp when the origi- nal roundings have been worn away, but should be without burrs.Cylinder Condition NEAYY NOUSTRES B) Piston Rings: Micro-seizure Hf, over a period of time, the oil film partially disappears, so that dry areas are formed on the cylinder wall, these areas and the piston ring surfaces will, by frictional intes- action, become finely scuffed and hard- ened, i.e. the good “mirror surface” will have deteriorated (see Plates 70704 and 70705). In case of extensive seizures, sharp burrs may form on the edges of the piston rings. A seized surface, which has a characteristic vertically-striped appearance, will be rela- tively hard, and may cause excessive oyl- inder wear. Due to this hardness, the damaged areas will only slowly disappear (run-in again) it and when the oil film is restored. As long as the seizure is allowed to continue, the local ‘wear will tend to be excessive. Seizure may initially be limited to part of the fing circumference, but, since the rings are free to “turn” in their grooves, it may even- tually spread over the entire running face of the ring. The fact that the rings move in their grooves will also tend to transmit the local seizure all the way around the liner surface. If seizures have been observed, then it is recommended that the cyl. oil dosage is temporarily increased (see point 4.12, and the separate ‘Cyl, Lubrication’ section in this Chapter). C) Piston Rings: Scratched Plates 70704, 70705 Scratching is caused by hard abrasive par- ticles originating from the ring itself, or, usually, from the fuel oil. As regards liner and ring wear, the scratching is not always serious, but the particles can have serious consequences elsewhere. (See point 5.5 covering ‘Abrasive Wear’) CHAPTER PAGE D) Piston Rings: Sticking If, due to thick and hard deposits of carbon, the piston rings cannot move freely in their grooves, dark areas will often appear on the upper part of the cylinder wall (may not be visible at port inspection). This indicates lack of sealing, i.e. combus- tion gas blow-by between piston rings and cylinder liner. The blow-by will promote oil film break- down, which in turn will increase cylinder wear. Sticking piston rings will often lead to broken piston rings. The free movement of the rings in the grooves is essential, and can be checked either by pressing them with a wooden stick (through the scavenge ports) or by turning the engine altemately ahead and astern, to check the free vertical movement. E) Piston Rings: Breakage/Collapse Broken piston rings manifest themselves during the scavenge port inspection by: - Lack of “elastic tension’, when the rings are pressed into the groove by means of a stick - Blackish appearance ~ Fractured rings = Missing rings. Piston ring breakage is mostly caused by a phenomenon known as “collapse”. How- ‘ever, breakage may also occur due to con- tinual striking against wear ridges, or other irregularities in the cylinder wall. Collapse occurs if the gas pressure behind the ring is built up too slowly, and thereby exerts an inadequate outward pressure. In such a case, the combustion gas can penetrate between the liner and ring, and Violently force the ring inwards, in the groove. This type of sudden “shock” load- ing will eventually lead to fracture - parti- cularly if the ring ends “slam” against each other.‘The above-mentioned slow pressure build- up behind the rings can be due to: = carbon deposits in the ring groove, ~ too smal vertical ring clearance, + pattial sticking, - poor sealing between the ring and the groove floor, - “clover-leating” (see below) - ring-end chamfers (see below) - too large ring-edge radii, = ete, “Clover-leafing’, is a term used to describe longitudinal corrosive wear at several sepa- rate points around the liner circumference - i.e. in some cases the liner bore may as- sume a “clover-leat” shape, see tem 5.4 D. Chamfering at the ring ends is unnecessary and detrimental in MAN B&W engines, as the scavenge ports are dimensioned to avoid “catching” the ring ends. F) Piston Rings: Blow-by Leakage of combustion gas past the piston rings (blow-by) is a natural consequence of sticking, collapse or breakage (See points D and E), In the later stages, when blow-by becames persistent, it is usually due to advanced ring breakage, caused by collapse. Blow-by is indicated by black, dry areas on the rings and also by larger black dry zones on the upper part of the liner wall which, however, can only be seen when overhaul- ing the piston (or when exchanging the ‘exhaust valve. See also Chapter 704 (*Put- ting Cylinders out of Operation * Case A) and Chapter 706 Evaluation of Records’ Item 2.2, Fault Diagnosing Table. G) Deposits on Pistons Usually some deposits will have accumu- lated on the side of the piston crown (top and}. Carbon deposits on the ring lands indicate lack of gas sealing at the respec- tive rings, see Plate 70703. CHAPTER. 707.04-408, A(t) If the deposits are abnormally thick, their surfaces may be smooth and shiny from rubbing against the cylinder wall. Such contact may locally wipe away the oil film, resulting in micro-seizure and increased ‘wear af liner and rings. In some instances, ‘mechanical clover- leafing’ can occur, i.e. vertical grooves of slightly higher wear in between the lubri- cating quills, ‘Such conditions may also be the result of a combustion condition which overheats the cylinder oil film. This could be due to faulty or defective fuel nozzles or insufficient Aurbocharger efficiency. H) Lubricating Congition Note whether the “oil film” on the cylinder wall and piston rings appears to be ade- quate. All piston rings should show oil at the edges. White or brownish coloured areas may sometimes be seen on the liner surface. This indicates corrosive wear, usually from sulphuric acid (see also point 5.4), and should not be confused with grey-biack areas, which indicates blow-by. In such cases it should be decided whether, in order 10 stop such corrosive attack, a higher oil dosage should be introduced (See point 5.4 and separate section ‘Cyl- inder Lubrication’ in this Chapter). 3.4 Replacement of Piston Rings It is recommended that the complete set of piston rings is replaced at each piston over- haul, to ensure that the rings always work under the optimum service conditions, thereby giving the best ring performance. 4. Cylinder Overhaul NB: To ensure correct recording of all rele- vant information, we recommend that our ‘Cylinder Condition Report’ (Plates 70711 and 70712) be used.Cylinder Condition HEAVY NOUSTRES 4.1 Intervals between Piston Pulling Regarding guiding, average intervals, see Vol. 2 ‘Maintenance’ Checking and Main- tenance Programme’. Base the actual intervals between piston overhauls on the previous wear measure- ments and observations from scavenge port inspections, supplemented with the pres- ‘sures read from indicator cards. Regarding procedures for the dismantling and mounting of pistons, see Vol, 2, Pro- cedures 902-2. 1 and 902-2.2. Note: Carefully clean the upper section of the liner of coke deposits before the piston és ited. 4.2 Initial inspection and Removal of the Rings Before any cleaning, inspect the piston and liner, as described in item 3.3, points A) to Hy). Measure the free ring gap and compare to that of a new ring, whereby the loss of tension can be calculated. Note down the measurements on Plate 70711. Remove the piston rings. Note: Use only the MAN B&W standard ring opener for all mounting and removal of piston rings. This opener prevents local overstressing of the ring material which, in turn, would often result in permanent deformation, causing blow-by and broken rings. Straps to expand the ring gap, or tools working on the same principle, should never be used. {tis extremely important that the piston rings ate removed by means of the special ring opener, if they are to be reinstalled after inspection. However, see Item 3.4 above. CHAPTER 707.05-408 ses AE ee tt) 4.3 Cleaning Clean the piston rings, Clean all ring grooves carefully. if carbon deposits remain, they may prevent the ring from forming a perfect seal against the floor of the groove. Remove deposits on the piston crown and ring lands. Remove any remaining coke deposits from the upper section of the liner. 4.4 Measurement of Ring Wear ‘See also Plates 70711 and 70712. Measure and record the radial width and the height of the rings. Compare the measured wear to the wear tolerances stated in Vol. 2 ‘Maintenance’ Chapter 902. When this value has been reached, scrap the ring. However, see Item 3.4 above. Use these measurements to form the basis for deciding optimal overhaul intervals, see Item 4.1 4.5 Inspection of Cylinder Liner See also Plates 70711 and 70712. Cylinder Wear Measurements: Note: Before measuring the cylinder wear: = ensure that the tool and cylinder liner temperatures are close to each other + record the tool and cylinder liner tempe- ratures on Plate 70711 to enable cor- rection. Measure the wear with the special tool at the vertical positions marked on the tool. Measure in both the transverse and longitu- dinal directions. This ensures that the wear is always mea- sured at the same positions. See also Vol. 2, Procedure 903-2. Record the measurements on Plate 70711.Cylinder Condition CHAPTER "AGE 707.06-40B Corre wear m ments: Correct the actual wear measurements by multiplying with the following factors, if the temperature of the cylinder liner is higher than the temperature of the tool. This enables a comparison to be made with earlier wear measurements. att Factor 10 0.99988 20 0.99976 30 0.99964 40 0.99952 50 0.99940 Example (S/K/L90MC): Measured value : 901.3 mm atmeasured —: 30° (corrected value : 901.3 x 0.99964 = 900.98 (.e. a reduction of 901.3-900.98 = 0.32 mm) Maximum Wear: The maximum wear of cylinder liners can be in the interval of 0.4% to 0.8% of the nominal diameter, depending on the actual cylinder and piston ring performance. Ovality of the liner, for instance, may form a too troublesome basis for maintaining a satisfactory service condition, in which case the cylinder liner in question should be replaced. Checking Liner Surface: Inspect the liner wall for scratches, micro- seizure, wear ridges, collapse marks, corro- sive wear, etc. WC corrosive wear is suspected or if a ring is found broken, take extra wear measure- ments around the circumference at the upper part of the liner: Press a new piston ring into the cylinder. Use a feeler gauge to check for focal clear- ances between the ring and liner. This can reveal any “uneven” corrosive wear. See points 3.3E, 3.3H and 5.4. 4.6 Piston Skirt, Crown and Cooling Space Plates 70711, 70712 Clean and check the piston skirt for sei- Zures and burrs, In case of seizures, grind over the surface to remove a possible hardened layer. Check the shape of the piston crown by means of the template. Measure any burn- ings. If in any place the burning/corrosion ex- ceeds the max. permissible, send the piston crown for reconditioning. Regarding max. permissible burning, see Vol, 2, Procedure 902-3. Inspect the crown for cracks. Pressure-test the piston assembly to check for possible oil leakages, see Vol. 2, Proce- dure 902-4.3. If the piston is taken apart, for instance due to oil leakage, check the condition of the joints between the crown, the piston rod, and the skirt. Inspect the cooling space and clean off any carbon/coke deposits. Repiace the O-rings. Check that the sur- faces of the O-ring grooves are smooth. This is to prevent twisting and breakage of the O-rings. Pressure test the piston after assembling. 4.7 Piston Ring Grooves See also Plates 70711 and 70712, ‘Check the piston ring grooves as described in Vol. 2, Procedure 902-3. Mf the ring groove wear exceeds the values stated in Procedure 902.3, send the crown for reconditioning (new chrome-plating).Cylinder Condition 4.8 Renovating the Running Surfaces of Liner, Rings and Skirt If there are micro-seized areas on the liner or skirt: + Scratch-over manually with a coarse carborundum stone (grindstone), mov- ing the grindstone crosswise, at an angle of 20 to 30 degrees to horizontal. This is done to break up the hard surface glaze. Leave the “scratching marks" as coarse as Possible. It is net necessary to completely remove all signs of “vertical stripes” (micro-seizure).. If thete are horizontal wear ridges in the cylinder liner - e.g. at the top or bottom where the rings “tum: smoothen out care- fully with a portable grinding machine. 4.9 Piston Ring Gap (New Rings) As the piston rings work at a somewhat higher temperature than the liner, it is im- portant that they have a gap which is suffi- cient to permit the extra thermal expansion. Place the ring in the special tool (guide ring) which is used when mounting the piston in the cylinder liner. The upper part of a clean, new liner (above the ring travel) can also be used. Check the gap as described in Vol. 2, Pro- cedure 902-3. 4.10 Fitting of Piston Rings Fit the piston sings. Note: Use only the MAN B&W standard piston ring opener. See also point 4.2. Push the ring back and forth in the groove to make sure that it moves freely. CHAPTER __707.07-408 ___ PAGE 11) 4.11 Piston Ring Clearance ‘When the new rings are in place, check and record the vertical clearance between ring and ring groove. Furthermore, insert a feeler gauge, corre- sponding to the min. piston ring clearance, above and below each ring, and move it all the way round the groove. Its free move- ment will confirm the min. clearances as well as proper cleanliness, 4.12 Cylinder Lubrication and Mounting Check the cylinder lubrication: Pump the lubricators by hand and check that the pipes and joints are teak-proof, and that oil flows out from each lubricating ori- fice. If any of the above-mentioned inspection points have indicated that the cylinder oil amount should be increased, or decreased: Adjust the lubricators as described in the lubricator instruction book For calculation of the lubricator's pump stroke, see the ‘Cylinder Lubrication’ sec- tion further on in this Chapter. Coat the piston with clean oil. Note: Before mounting the overhauled piston, remove any remaining deposits from the upper end of the liner. Mount the piston, See Vol. 2, Procedure 902-22. 4.13 Running-in of Liners and Rings After reconditioning or renewal of cylinder liners and/or piston rings, allowance must be made for a running-in period, see Items 4.13.1 - 4.13.4, Note: Refer to Chapter 703, ‘Checks during Loading’, Check 9, ‘Feel-over Sequence’ , regarding feeling-over during running-in.HEAVY MousTRES 4.13.1 Running-in of Liners and Rings: (Fixed pitch propeller plants) Plates 70710A, 70710B, 70714 Adjust the lubricators to the Basic Setting, see Section ‘Cylinder Oil Feed Rate’, Iter 43, Set the lubricators to maximum extra teed rate: + Operate the Load Change Dependent (LCD) lubricators in fixed-position mode in position “46mm’, This normally means an increase of more than 100%, Note: If only one or two cylinders have been overhauled, see Item 4.13.2. Start the engine. Increase gradually to 55% of MCR-speed. Increase to 100% of MCR-speed during the ‘next 20 hours, as shown on Plate 70714. Note: See also Item 4.13.2, regarding ma- noeuvring and fow load running. After this 20-24 hour breaking-in period, stop the engine and make a scavenge port inspection. If the cylinder condition proves satistactory, decrease the feed rate corresponding to an over-lubtication of 150%: + Fix the LCD lubricators in position “+3mm" Bunning-in: Maintain the 150% feed rate during the next 600 hours of service. Cylinder Condition CHAPTER 707.08-40B Make a scavenge port inspection. If the cylinder condition proves satisfactory, de- crease the feed rate cortesponding to an ‘over-lubrication of 125%: + Fix the LCD lubricators in position “+1.5mm’. Maintain the 125% feed rate during the next 600 hours of service. Make a scavenge port inspection. If the cylinder condition proves satisfactory, de- crease the feed rate to the Basic Setting: + Release the LCO lubricators so that they operate in LCD-mode (see also Section ‘Cylinder Oil Feed Rate’, Item 4.8, page 707.16). Maintain this setting during the next 600 hours of service. Basic Setting: After the running-in period the Basic Setting should be maintained, see Section ‘Cylinder Oil Feed Rate ; {tem 4.4. Actual feed rate: ‘When the cylinder condition has been stabi- lised and proved satisfactory by scavenge port inspections, adjustments towards the actual feed rate may be introduced: + Make repeated scavenge port inspec- tions. + i the cylinder condition proves satis- factory, reduce the feed rate by maxi mum 0.05 g/bhph, at intervals of min mum 600 hours, see Plates 70710A, 707108. Increase or decrease the feed rate during the continued service, based on the regular: = scavenge port inspections, see Vol. 2, Chapter 900, andHEAYY INDUSTRIES - piston/liner ovethauts, see Section ‘Cylinder Condition’ , Item 4. 1, ‘Intervals between Piston Pulling’. See also section ‘Cylinder Condition’ . Item 4,8, ‘Special Conditions’ 4.13.2 Special Remarks See also Item 4.13.1. Bunning-in one or two cylinders: If only one or two cylinders have been re- newed or have undergone reconditioning, the fuel pump index for the cylinders in question can be decreased in proportion to the required load reduction, Before starting the engine, fix the fuel rack for the pertain- ing cylinder(s) at 16% of MCR index. In- crease the index stepwise in accordance with the breaking-in schedule, see Plate 70714. Regarding the pressure riS€ Peony - Prax see Chapter 703 ‘Running Difficulties, Supplementary Comments’ , point 7. Note: #f the engine is fitted with the Turbo Compound System (TCS), the TCS must be out of operation if running-in with reduced index is chosen in order to safeguard the gear. ‘Manoeuvring and low load: In practice, of course, the engine must be able to operate freely in the whole ma~ Noeuvring range. Also the situation where low load has to be maintained for an extended period, e.g. in connection with river/canal passage, has to be coped with in the breaking-in program. As an example, when the first breaking-in has to take place during a long river pas- Sage, we suggest the following program, (See also Plate 70714): Cylinder Condition CHAPTER __707.09-408 ~ 4) %erpm %Load Duration(h) Incteaseto : 55 16 05 Riverpassage: 55 16 55 Seapassage: 70 34 20 - 80 51 20 - 85 61 2.0 - 875 67 2.0 - 90 73 2.0 ~ 825 79 20 ~ 95 86 2.0 ~ 975 93 2.0 ~ 100 100 2.0 Total Running-in time: 24.0 Note: Do not run for less than two hours at 55% rpm (16% load). 4.13.3 Running-in of Rings after a Piston Overhaul (Fixed pitch propeller plants) When running-in piston rings in already run- in liners, the breaking-in time can be re- duced to some 10 - 14 hours, e.g. following the dotted line in Plate 70714, ‘Running-i Load’ The extra lubrication should follow the same pattern as when running-in new liners; however, the duration of the 150% and 125% steps can be reduced to the time intervals between scavenge ports inspec- tions, see Plates 70710A and 707108, 4.13.4 Bunning-in of Liners and Rings (Controllable pitch propeller plants) Regarding running-in when only one or two cylinders have been overhauled, see the procedure described in Item 4. 13.2. Regarding the cylinder oil dosage during breaking-in and running-in, see the proce- dure described in Item 4.13.1 About half an hour before harbour ma- noeuvres are expected, start the engine and increase to rated speed, with the pro- peller in Zero-pitch. Connect the shaft generator (if installed) to the grid, and let the generator take over the electrical power supply.This is in order to raise the engine tempera- ture towards the normal service value prior to the harbour manoeuvres. When manoeuvring is finished, gradually increase the propeller pitch corresponding to about 50% of MCR-load, The increase to 100% of MCR-load should be effected gradually during the next 20 hours. See also Plate 70714. When running-in piston rings in already run- in liners, the breaking-in period can be reduced to abt. 10 hours. 5, Factors Influencing Cylinder Wear 5.1 General Plate 70706 gives a summary of the most ‘common causes of cylinder wear. The following gives a brief explanation of the most important aspects, and of the pre- cautions to be taken to counteract them. 5.2 Materials, Check that the combination ot piston sing and cylinder liner materials complies with the engine builder's recommendations. 5.3 Cylinder Oil Check that the quality and feed rate are in accordance with the recommendations under ‘Cylinder Lubrication’ further on in this Chapter. See also Item 4. 13 regarding running-in. 5.4 Corrosive Wear A) The Influence of Sulphur in the Fuel Corrasive wear is caused by condensation and the formation of sulphuric acid on the cylinder wall. \n arder to minimise condensation, the new- est MC design incorporates optimised tem- perature level of the liner wall, based on the actual engine layout Cylinder Condition CHAPTER PAGE 707.10-408 1) ‘Wf corrosion arises even so, insulation of the liner and/or insulated ste} pipes in the cooling bores can be arranged. “Jo reduce the risk of corrosive attack: - Keep the cooling water outlet tempera tures within the specified interval, see Chapter 710. - Keep the temperature difference across the cylinder units between 12°-18% at MCR. - Use alkaline cylinder lubricating oils, see also Item 5.3, ‘Cylinder Oi. - Preheat the engine before starting, as described in Chapter 703. - Check that the drain from the water mist catcher functions properly, to pre- vent water droplets irom entering the cylinders, see also item 5.4D. {tis important that any corrosion tendency is ascertained as soon as possible Hf corrosion is prevailing: + Check the cylinder feed rate, see Item 5.3, + Increase the feed rate as described in Section ‘Cylinder Lubrication’, Item 4.8, ‘Special Conditions’ + Check the alkalinity, see Item 5.3. Check the timing, see Chapter 710. + Check the cooling water temperatures and the drain from the water mist catcher, as described above. The amount of condensate can be read from Plate 70713. See also Chapter 706, ‘Cleaning of Turbochargers and Air Coolers’, Item 3. In case of too small cylinder cit feed rate or too low alkalinity, the alkaline additives may be neutralised too quickly or unevenly, dusing the circumferential distribution of the oil across the liner wall.HEAVY NOUSTRES This systematic variation in alkalinity may produce “uneven” corrosive wear on the liner wall, see points 3.3E and 5.4D, re- garding ‘clover-leafing’. B) Sodium Chloride ‘Seawater (or salt) in the intake air, fuel, or cylinder oils, will involve the risk of corro- sive cylinder wear. The corrosion is caused by sodium chloride (salt), which forms hydrochloric acid. To prevent salt water entering the cylinder, via the fuel and cylinder oil: ~ maintain the various oil tanks leak-proof = centrifuge the fuel carefully. = do not use the bunker tanks for ballast water. C) Cleaning Agents (Air Cooler) The air side of the scavenge air cooler can, if the necessary equipment is installed, be cleaned by means of cleaning agents dis- solved in fresh water. Follow the supplier's instructions strictly for: + the dosage of the agent - the use of the cleaning system After using chemical agents, flush with clean fresh water to remove the agent from the cooler and air ducts. Note: Cleaning of the air side of the air cooler must only be carried out during engine standstil See also Chapter 706 ‘Cleaning of Turbo- chargers and Air Coolers’, and Maintenance book Chapter 910. D) Water Condensation on Ait Cooler Tubes Depending on the temperature and humidity of the ambient air and the temperature of the seawater, water may condense on the coldest air cooler tubes. Cylinder Condition Water mist catchers are installed directly after the air coolers on all MAN B&W MC engines to prevent water droplets from being carried into the cylinders. If water enters the cylinders, the oil film may be ruptured and cause wear (clover- leating) on the liner surfaces between the cylinder lub. oil inlets. Itis very important that the water mist catcher drains function properly. See Chapter 706, ‘Cleaning of Turbo- chargers and Air Coolers’ , Item 3. See also Plate 70713 for amount of con- densate. 5.5 Abrasive Wear Plates 70705, 70707, 70708 and 70709 A) Particles Abrasive cylinder wear can be caused by hard particles which enter the cylinder via - The fuef oil, e.g. catalyst fines. ‘See also point 5.5C, ‘Fuel Oil Treatment’. Particles in the fuel oil can also be caught in the fuel pump suction valve. If this occurs, the suction valve seats can very quickly become so heavily pitted (Plate 70709, photo 4) that they leak, causing a reduction of the maximum pressure and an increase of the fuel Pump index. The occurrence of the particles is un- predictable. Therefore, clean the fuel oil as thoroughly as possible by centrifug- ing, in order to remove the abrasive particles, + The air, e.g. sand. Keep the turbocharger intake filter in a good condition. See also Chapter 706, ‘Cleaning of Turbochargers and Air Coolers’, Item 1.3, regarding the use of a thin foam filter. ‘See also Chapter 701, ‘Cleanliness’ .HEAVY mOUSTRIES Abrasive wear can occur on: 4. The running surfaces of the liner and piston rings. Scratching on the piston ring running surface is one of the first signs of abra- sive particles, and can be observed during scavenge port inspections or piston overhauls. Scratching is often seen as a large number of rather deep “trumpet shap- ed” grooves (see Plates 70705 and 70708), Usually, micro-seizures do not occur, i.e. the ring surface remains soft. This can be checked with a file, see Plate 70704. 2. The upper and lower sides of the piston rings. Particles caught between the upper horizontal ring/groove surfaces will cause pitting - "pock-marks” - on the upper ring surface (Plates 70707 and 70708). “Pock-marks” may also arise during a prolonged period of ring collapse. Even if the running surface of the top ring has a satisfactory appearance, the condition of the ring’s upper surface, {and of the suction valve seats) will reveal the presence of abrasive par- ticles. 3. The upper edge of the piston rings. When particles pass down the ring pack, via the ring joint gaps, they will cause a “sand blasting” effect on the upper edge of the ring below, which protrudes from the piston ring groove, i.e. this is only seen on fing Nos. 2, 3, and 4. Cylinder Condition CHAPTER: 707.12-408 10) B) Scuffing (micro-seizure) Abrasive wear may be the result of scuffing (micro-seizure), Apart from the factors mentioned under point 3.3 (blow-by, deposits, cyl, oil defi- ciencies, etc.) scuffing can be due to: - unsatisfactory running-in conditions (especially if @ previous micro-seizure ‘has not been successfully counteracted during a cylinder overhaul). AS regards Tunning-in, See point 4.73, + misalignment, errors). (including — machining C) Fuel Oil Treatment (See also Chapter 708). Correct fuel oil treatment and proper main- tenance of the centrifuges are of the utmost importance for cylinder condition, exhaust valves and fuel injection equipment. Water and abrasive particles are removed ‘by means of the centrifuges: 1) The ability to separate water depends largely on the specific gravity of the fuel oil relative to the water - at the separa- tion temperature. Other influencing factors are the fuel oil viscosity (at separation temp.) and the flow rate. Keep the separation temperature as high as possible, for instance: 95-98 ‘or fuel oil with a viscosity of 380 cSt at 50t. 2) The ability to separate abrasive par- ticles depends upon the size and spe- cific weight of the smallest impurities that are to be removed and, in parti- cular, on the fuel oil viscosity (at sepa- ration temp.) and the flaw rate through the centrifuge. Keep the flow rate as low as possible.Cylinder Condition HEAVY MOUSTRES 6. Propeller Performance As indicated in Chapter 706, section 2, special severe weather condition can cause a change to heavy propeller running. In cases where the power/speed combination has moved too much to the left in the load diagram (see Chapter 706, item 2.1, i.e. be- yond line 4), continued service may cause ‘thermal overload of the components in the combustion chamber and thereby create heat cracks.HEAVY INDUSTRIES 1. Lubricators Each cylinder liner has a number of lubri- cating quills, through which oil is introduced from the Load Change Dependent (LCD) cylinder lubricators, as outlined in instruc tion book, Volume 3 ‘Components’ The oil is pumped into the cylinder (via non-return valves) when the piston rings pass the lubricating orifices, during the upward stroke. For check of functioning, see Chapter 702, Item C5). The lubricators are usually supplied with oit from a head tank, and are equipped with a built-in float which keeps the oil level con- stant The lubricators are equipped with alarm devices for iow oil level and low oil flow. 2. Cylinder Oil Film If a satisfactory cylinder condition is to be achieved, itis of vital importance that the oil film is intact. Therefore, the following conditions must be fulfilled! a. The cylinder lubricators must be cor- rectly timed (See ‘adjustment sheet Chapter 710, and Vol. 2 ‘Maintenance’, Chapter 903). b. The cylinder oil type and TBN must be selected in accordance with the fuel being burned (see paint 3 below). c. New liners and piston rings must be carefully run-in, see point 4.13 in the previous section, Cylinder Lubrication CHAPTER PAGE 4. The oil feed-rate (dosage) under normal service must be in accordance with the engine builder's recommendations Furthermore, the dosage must be ad- justed in accordance with the service experience for the actual trade (obtain- ed from the scavenge port inspections). e. The feed-rate must be increased in the situations described in Item 4.8, “Special Conditions’. 3. Cylinder Oils We recommend the use of cylinder oils of the SAE 50 viscosity grade. During shop trial and seatrial, we recom- mend using a cylinder oil with a high deter- gency level Use a “total base number” (TN) of 70 as a 70 TBN oil will normally give good results. Use higher TBN oils in the event of high sulphur content in the fuet oil. Note: Some high alkaline cylinder oils are not compatible with: + certain low sulphur fuels (having poor combustion properties), = some diesel oils. Such incompatibility may be indicated by poor cylinder condition during scavenge port inspection. In such cases, change to a lower TBN cylinder oil The table below indicates international brands of oils that have given satisfactory results when applied in MAN B&W diesel engine types (heavy fuel operation). Do not consider the list complete, as oils from other companies can be equally suit- able.Cylinder Lubrication HEAYY INOUSTRES Cylinder oil Company | SAE STEN 70.60 _| Elf-Lub. Talusia XT 70 BP CLO 50-M. Castrol Cyltech 80 Chevron Delo Cyloil Special Exxon Exxmar X 70 Fina Vegano 570 Mobil Mobilgard 570 Shell Alexia 50 Texaco Taro Special Further information can be obtained by contacting the engine builder or MAN B&W Diesel A/S, Copenhagen. 4. Cylinder Oil Feed Rate (dosage) 4.1 General The following guidelines are based on ser- vice experience, and take into consideration the specific design criteria of the MC engines (such as mean pressure, maximum pressure, jubricated liner area) as well as today's fue! qualities and operating condi- tions. The recommendations are valid for fixed pitch and controllable pitch propeller plants as well as stationary plants (generator ap- plication). This Section is based on our Service Letter 94-318/HRJ, which recommends: + Adjusting the lubricators to the Basic Setting. + Over-lubricating during breaking-in and running-in. + Gradually reducing the feed rate based on scavenge port inspections. 4.2 Running-in Regarding increased feed rate during breaking-in and running-in, and the step- wise reduction towards the actual feed rate, see Section ‘Cylinder Condition’, item 4. 13, “Running-in’ CHAPTER PAGE 707.15-408 4) 4.3 Basic Setting The Basic Setting for the K/L-MC engines is 1.0 gfohph, see Plate 707104. The Basic Setting for the S-MC engines is 1.2 g/bhph, see Plate 707108. Use these values for calculating the feed rate at specified MCR, see /tem 4.4. 4.4 Calculating the Feed Rate at Specified MCR Use the following equation to calculate the feed rate at specified MCR: Q = BSxPe x 24x 103 (kg/24h), where Q = Feed sate at specified MCR BS = Basic Setting, see item 4.3, Pe = Effective engine power at specified MCR Proceed to Item 4.5 to calculate the corre- sponding pump stroke. 4.5 Calculating the Pump Stroke at Specified MCR Use the results from Item 4.4 for calculating the pump stroke at specified MCR. The pump stroke can be calculated from this general equation: Qx 4x 10% S= pxa KD2x09xGXNXxGOXBEKC (nm) Where the constant; 2 ne O94xH x0Sx60x24 = 1045-1 1045.1xQ be S= DeGxNxolm™S = Pump stroke (mm) Q = Feed rate (kg/24h), see Item 4.4, P= Specific density (Average for SAESO cylinder oils: 0.94 kg/l) = Diameter of pump pistons (mm). Volumetric efficiency. = Number of oil inlets/cyl, Lubricator speed (rpm): (lubricator speed = engine speed). Number of cylinders ° " Adjust the lubricator's stroke in accordance with the maker's special instructions. Note: When adjusting the lubricators pump. stroke: + the LCD-actuators must be in LCD- mode and must be deactivated. Example: The example below is.for an 6L60MC en- gine fitted with “Hans Jensen’ lubricators. D=4mm, G=6, N= 123 rpm Q= 874.4 kgl24h, see Plate 70715. 1045.1 x 374.4 $52 mm S= Gx6x123K6 4.6 Calculating the Daily Oit Consumption Based on Measured Pump Stroke Measure the free movement of the indivi- dual adjusting screws regularly during ser- vice, see Chapter 703, ‘Checks during Starting’, Check 8 Calculate the feed rate according to this general equation: 2 SxDEXGXNXC gypghy If the feed rate is wanted by volume: SxD2xGxNxC 0 = 5045.1 x 0.94 (24h) Cylinder Lubrication CHAPTER 707.16-408, _—____ i) ‘See Item 4.5 regarding explanation of the ‘equation and the individual factors. Example: SL6OMC: D= 4mm, G=6, N= 123rpm 52mm. 6 = 974.2 kgl24h 4,7 Calculating the Feed Rate at Part Load ‘At part load the feed rate in kg/24hours may be reduced proportionally to the mean effective pressure (mep) reduction. In case of varying load pattern, use the highest m.e.p. for calculating the new feed rate Note: Remember to readjust the feed rate to the normal level, when low load running is finished. Q Qspecined X MEPoart load. (kg/24h), Paar art load TEP speciiod see Plate 70715. Note: During prolonged low load running, the stroke must not drop below 40% of the MCR value, see item 4.5. Special equipment may be installed, which automatically adjusts the feed rate corre- ‘sponding to the actual mep. Refer to Item 4.5 regarding calculating the new pump stroke. 4.8 Special Conditions We recommend to increase the actual feed rate in the following cases: + During START, manoeuvring and sudden load changes ; ~ increase by 50%Cylinder Lubrication HEAVY INDUSTRIES This must be done because the top piston ring function is disturbed under these conditions, and the ring may act as an “oil scraper’. This increase is carried out automatic- ally, when the Load Change Dependent (LCD) lubricators are operated in LCD- mode, with the actuators adjusted to position "+3mm’ + If abnormal cylinder conditions are found; + readjust the LCD-lubricators to the Basic Setting and operate in fixed- position mode in position “+3mm". Maintain this over-lubrication until the cause of the problem has been elim nated, and scavenge port inspections have proved that a safe condition has been reestablished, Run-in the cylinder(s) as described in Section ‘Cylinder Condition’, Item 4.13. + If the load pattern changes or if the fuel oil quality deteriorates; - readjust the lubricators to the Basic Setting. Find the new actual feed rate by re- peating the stepwise reduction de- scribed in Section ‘Cylinder Condition’, {tem 4, 13, ‘Running-in’ Regarding adjustment and operation of the lubricators and trouble shooting, see the maker's special instructions. CHAPTER. PAGE 707.17-408 4q)Inspection through PLATE 70701-40 Scavenge Ports Pace OAH) HEAVY MOUSTRES 1) Dismount the small covers on the (_. scavenge air boxes, and clean the openings 2) When the piston has been turned below the level of the scavenge air ports, inspect the cylinder liner walls and the piston crown, 3) A tihable mirror fixed to a tele- scopic rod can be used as illu- strated, Use a powerful light source for inspection. 4) In order to inspect a larger area of the cylinder finer and piston, it is expedient to enter the sca- venge air receiver and make ‘observations from the “exhaust side”, This should be done every time the sludge is cleaned out from the scavenge air receiver and box. 5) While the piston is passing the scavenge air port, examine the piston crown, the rings, and the skirt, In order to be able to correctly observe the running surfaces of the piston rings, clean them with arag, 6) When the piston has been turned t Tee upwards past the scavenge air ports, inspect the piston rod,Inspection through Scavenge Ports, Record MV TEngine type: Running hours| Checked By: 7 T Total Yard: [Buitier___|Engine Gytincer ot | No.: [Built year: | No. dosage: _| Date a Cylinder No. ‘ondition and Symbol | Engine Pat a 2 4[s[e[7[8 Carbon 7 _¢ | Piston Grown Burning BU Leakage oil Lo Leakage water Ww No deposit TTopland g | Liaht deposit Le Tangian 3 | Excessive deposit ec [Snslend § | Poishea dopost PC | Ringland 2 Ringland 3 3 intact ~ [Ring t 2 | Broken opposite ring gap 80 Pan 8 | Broken near gap en [Rng? & | Several ices sp [Ring 3 B | Entirely missing M Tring =] hoose in 3 | Stugaish a ee § | Sticking T | Ring 2 8 | Running suriace, “2 3 | “Black: overall 8 [Ring 3 2 | ~Black, party @ E | Black ring ends 36mmm'_ BH [Ring 4 lean, smooth Ring t Scratches (vertical) s Micro-Seizures (local) mz | Ring 2 § | Micro-Seizures (eh over) MZ ring g & | Micro-Selzures.stil acive MAZ § | osm 02 [Ring 4 Machining mad 3| sitwsoe Piston skit +E | Wear ridges nearbottom WR Piston rod & | Scutting sc — Glover-leaf woar Ct | Br ee per Corrosion Gof Sytner ther fda Seay Bort Optimal Ring 1 § | Too much oil ° 3 | Stghtty ary p [Rno2 Bl vay ary 00 [Ring 3 8 | Black ot 8 | Black 80 Pring 8 Piston skirt 3 Piston rod Cynder ner 3 Little sludge Lg | Seavenge box & | Much sludge MS [Scav, receiver vable Ei - rt Movable [gps ang no" Running hours since last overhaulA dot (*) always means that the inspected condition is satisfactory, e. Inspection through Scavenge PLATE. wear wousaes Ports, 3, Symbols PAGE Symbol_} Condition of inspected part 7 ra Bow! + | Satisfactory g Buming Carbon C__ | Carbon Deposit é BU | Burning $ LO | Leakage Oil g ae LW. | Leakage Water a ropland id | +—|2—_[iston + | Satistactory (no deposits) [[i2%ees LC | Light carbon deposit A Pa EC | Excessive carbon deposit 3| Rings PC | Thick carbon deposit worn é| Piston bright by rubbing against cyl. | skirt | liner { Piston Rod. |__| — —_—__—__—|-} | | Intact | 80 | Broken, opposite ring gap | e | BN | Broken, near ring gap 8 SP | Broken in several pieces \g M | Entirely missing + | Loose ly. tiner SL__| Sluggish in groove 2 ‘above Pons ST | Sticking \$ B Black running surface, overall | % (B) | Biack running surface, partly | + | Clean, smooth |S | Vertical scratches ‘Aroa near (abrasive (particles) < Seavongo Al mz_ | Micro Seizures in spots (local) | & on Uo Le, MZ_| Micro Seizures, all over Zl : MAz | Micro Seizures stil active 8 |Z | Old (nearly recovered) MZ g Wear | WR | Wear ridges near bottom g Edge | CO | Corrosion @ CL | Clover-leaf wear [| Oibfim normal |g 0 | Too much oil \2 D__ | Too dry 8 DD | Very dry \3 | small deposits, no leakge, no breakages, no sticking, clean smooth surface, normal oil film, etc. However, this shall be recorded in order to show that the condition has been noted.Inspection through WEAVY INDUSTRIES Scavenge Ports Running surface of Piston Rings (see also Plate 70705) NB : In file test, use a new very finely cut file “Polished Mirror Surface” Photo 1 (about X3) A normal, good running surface is smooth, clean, and without scratches. The horizontal line is a scratch mark resulting from a file test, which indicates that the surface is not hardened, “Vertically Scratched” Photo 2 (about X3) Here the running surface has been scratched by sharp, hard abrasive particles, e.g. grains of sand. The file test shows that the surface is not hardened. “Mien Photo 3 (about X3) ‘A micto-seized running surface can ‘appear as shown here. The file test gives almost no horizontal scratch, which indicates that the surface is covered by a hard glaze, i.e. has been hardened due to micro-seizure.Inspection through Scavenge pate 70705-408 Ports, Evaluation PAGE 10), HEAVY NOUSTRES Surface Condition Profile Running Surface Normal good “mirror surface” ‘or Barrel-shaped Clean, smooth, soft Scratched by hard ) abrasive particles “Ss” Uniform scratches, dull, soft New Micro seizures (still active) “MAZ" Od Micro serizures [YSZ (restoration has | begun) te Curved edges, im- Smooth and soft Still hard in “oz” plies that restora along the edges centre area tion has begun Lubrication / N\ Clover-leaf formation: heavy wear at several areas around the cylinder liner, in the case illustrated concentrated between the lubrication orifices Horizontal Section of Cyl. Liner\\S 8 “cLFactors influencing Cylinder Wear PEAVY MOUSTHES Cylinder finer } Piston rings Piston skirt PAGE ‘Schematic summary of the most Widely recognized causes of “Cylinder Wear” Water droplets x) Water leakges HSO, /-~{ “Cold” liner wall Cleaning agents yl. oll film deficiencies -» Salt in intake air Sea water in fuel Sea water in cyl. oil Corrosive. wear HCL deficiencies | Micro | seizure Abrasive wear Scratches Air cooler leakage Cyl. oil film deficiencies ~» Water in cyl. oil Water leakage to cylinder, Cy. oilfuel oll matching Cylinder Too low cyl. oil dosage oil film Distribution Deformation of piston rings (during fitting) Misalignment Too high cyl. oil dosage (deposits) Water droplets x) Cleaning agents Cyl. oil film deficiencies —> Material {Liner design —— Ring Machining | Skirt Mechanical load Thermal load Lack of ring tension { impurtios in fue! olf Impurities in intake air Wear particles *) Drain for condensed water in scavenge air receiver blocked or out of function. See also Chapter 706, ‘Cleaning of Turbochargers and Air Coolers’, Item 3. PLATE 70706-40 eedbeenee beyAbrasive Particles ) HEAVY MOUSTRES PAGE 10) ‘Typical observations when particles penetrate from the combustion chamber into piston ring zone Exaggerated illustration of ‘worn and eroded” piston rings No. 1 to 4, in “wom” grooves. It is typical for particle wear that it excessively affects the upper ring (both the running face and the horizontal surfaces) as well as the groove. Some degree of micro-seizure sometimes occurs on the lower rings, decreasing up- wards. This is contrary to the scratching intensity (or roughness) which decreases, from ring to ring, down- wards. When particle-wear prevails, the cylinder liner wear rate usually rises to between 0.30 and 0.50 mm/1000 hours. Bunning face ring No. 1 The “trumpet-shaped” scratches indicate that the hard particles have penetrated from above. Upper side of the uppermost rings. The horizontal faces, especially the upper side, often become pock-marked due to hard grains being crushed when the rings are pressed upwards by the gas trapped between the rings. However, such an appearance can also be the result of mechanical impact due to ring collapse. Ipper side of the lower rings The part sheltered in the groove still shows intact machining marks. The exposed part, protruding from the groove, becomes sand-blasted by the hard particles blown down through the ring gap above. Designations “S"_~ = Scratched running face “PO" = “pock-marked” “E’ = Erosion. Outer edge sand-blasted MI" = Machining marks intact. 7 Numbers 1 to 5 give degree of damage (5 being most).Photo 1 (X30) Rough scratching {degree 6) ofa top piston ring runing }) face. The photo shows the upper edge, where he hard particles enter between ring and tiner wall, This sratching is Ault rash, Lo. recov ery or restoration has ‘not yet commenced, Designation SSNEW. Photo 3 (X80) Typical "pock-mark- ing” ofa cng upper ‘2id0, caused by hard paticles penetrating Into the clearance above the ring and boing crushed. This is most often soon on the two uppormost rings, which, during the last art of tho expansion stioke, ae pressed ‘upwards, against the calling of the groove, by the gas tapped between the rings. Photo 2 (X30) ‘Typical “oldor much finer scratching That recovery of resto rations at work, can be seen trom the fact that the graphite flakes ‘are distinct, Designation S20LD. Photo 4 (X30) This photo iustrates how small pieces of, castiron are Yorn out ofthe top surtace, by the masticating etlet ofthe hard particles, The places probably loosen due to shear strosses, whieh cause fractures in the materat bbotwoon the graphite flakes. ‘Aso ring collapse can Cause “orn out” mate- al > g a a z ® xu | 3 o &Photo 5 030) “Typical erosion or ssand-blasting on the part of ho ring topside which protrudes out of the groove. Tiss due 4 tohard grins being biown down through the cap in the ring above (NB: Tho rings “turn in the grooves). ‘Suoh erosion is only seen on ings No.2, 3 and 4 Photo 3 (X250) Sand (or san-ike (grains) separated from Centrifuge sludge. in this cage the contituge treated the fuel oil after the oll had pas: sed a ful flow (fabric), fie. The panos size is 10xt0 154, Photo 2 (x30) Hard partes (sana) ‘separated trom 2 sample of piston crown deposit. and carbon have been removed by incinera tion, other mater by acid, magnotic separa ‘ion and fitraton ‘Theoretical these panicles could nave come into the combus- ton chamber either with the ai or wit the fuel Photo 4 (x30) Fuel pump suction valve fap aftr only @ {ew service hours (he lapping marks are stil visible. The depres: sions inthe surtace are in many cases made by one and the sane particle repeated and Iderticaln shape and size). Usually the edge ‘sound the hoes is ‘alged, and often the ‘original apping marks ‘are stil sole in the bottom of the depres a ~Sarsnons AnvaH sejoiued enseiqy B9Vd alvid 0-60202 WeRunning-in Cylinder Oil Dosage, K/L-MC Engines yt doxepe i ‘i soe = i ring oud ato i a G_rreveinimtse | i aa Broakingin food rato [F) _Ferning in ood rato ings ony 22 — eal ri al —— — Running-In liners and rings 20 — : > ee Running ings only 9 we piston ring only 3 "I Normal foed rate interval iS 3 4 — Basic adjustment z 7} Running:in fed rate, z ws tne age F “VY Beal oad 5 iin tot. 6 aa ee eed Basie adjusimert ‘experienced in service 12 TZ interval g uty ; to : : 09 WN 38 = WW ar L. oo 818 5 4 4 8 5 isle ou ff og | | 1 oaog ae aial § i E : 5 f By 04 Fist 2 B # 8 g 3 i | aha} ogo ggg ee Tlsist & 2 g g g g : é 7 oq 8 oF Wg 1 og 4 4 |i o1 848, § 3 | 18 ° ~“ 6000 Paes ma Lele 0 ‘eo 1200 ee vam RERunning-in Cylinder Oil Dosage, S-MC Engines Cyl. olf dosage ‘abo : TT I os | a YG Rovinginiced ate Broaérg nnd aa a an = [Pei oda geo my = Pannngin iar and ras Fig oad ae - baton tng ot —_Panmingin geo Y Normal teed rate intervat lunning-in feed rate, — Basic adjusimone 1 Inet ond ge, = we _ rare of acval ed ae 14 a 2H 10 oa Ss \\\ #81 s Zigl gi g g § mei | fF Fo Fg | | aut 2 z a f 4 4 a 4 one & 5 E E E 5 HOE ot yl i j i i i i i | J j j 3 j j § oe [hia — | 1 0 60 1200 1100 2100 2000 2600 0 800 4006000 unning hours SSHSnON AnH seUulbUuy OWS ‘ebesoq lo 49puyLAd u-Buyuuny ava ave we aor-€01202Cylinder Condition Report PLATE_ 7071-40 i PAGE m © a ‘SL95-328/UM ‘Builderaumber Wen Teme No. of evi Engine hs: [Checked by: [hock date ymmaay Voyage info. _ ‘Weeks pr. Port calls: Normal service load in % of MCR: [Lubricator ype (tomimep): Gyicob consump, (788 atload Sy ol ype Cylinder rer ners. Insulation ppe (YN) [Liner mater Drawing nos fslation nel ramet [Liner oot ype Producer Marking | Measuri T T Dept) | EEshaust wat F A 7 MManoowre | f uJ CylooverighenedV Top, bat or and maasurng al). Hours since last overhaul: | emia Height fing (a) € i height [A | r Boten | Piston | (vay | skirt | Routue creck [Low Pare: [Bow —| [eae rng ny T ail Crowns.) Max buming 1. (mm): F a Position Maxbuming 2. (mm): aia) Poistion 2 (degree)—____ Note: Before measuring, the measuring point 1 should be adjusted to 5 mm below upper edge of upper- . most ring with piston at TDC. MEASURING POINTS FOR CYLINDER LINER WEAR LESS MC/MC-C MK V/VI engines with 2x2 piston rings —a Lso [L60 [Lo [80 { L90 | [sso | Seo [$70 ['s80 } [ K50 | Keo [ K90] Cea 2of_45{_s3|_62]_sa][_23] s1[_ss|_ 60] 34] arf si 4 o| of of of ol{ o] of of olf o] o] o of 0 2 28 a2] | 43] _45|| 28] “s2| _s8[ 43] | 28|aa| 45|| aa] 45 irs sal 62] zal ea a7|[ 54] 62] 74|ea|[ s4[~ 62] a7|| a4) 87 e]4 76} 90} 108{ 123 127]{_ 76{ 90{ 108] 123]|~ 76| 90] 127|{ 123] 127 és 210] 240] 270] 335] 360) | 300] 360] 400] 490|| 210] 240] 360] | 310] 285 [©] [-345| 400] 430[~ 560] 590] [540] 640] 700] 860] | 345] 400] 600| | ~s00| 440. & [7| | eo] 560] 650| 760] #25] [775] 920| 7070] 1240 | | “4a0| “560 | 850 | |690| 600 ——1 2 [2] | 2s0[" ero | io00 | 7170| i280) [Tors | eto | +410] 1625 | [630 | 200 7200 | | F025] 965 390} 1185[ 1380{ 1585] 1740] | 1260] 1505 | 1750] 2010] | 790] 1050 180 | [1360] 130 4 [30] [4250] 1500/1750] 2o00f 2200] [1500] 1800] 2100] 2400 | | ~950 [1500] 1900] [1700] 1700 it] [7e5[2050[ 24001 sao0l 3100] [2000] 2400 | 2820| 3200] [7475 | 1775 | 2700 | [2450 2500 eA Ss 28] se] 44] 53] 44j[ 28] 42] ae] s1|][ 19] 12] 42][ 17] 25] P-l-= For 0 mm shim S = Max. piston rod shim —n" Fausnow saya WIOg seam 4A9UFT AopUIAD wneze-s61S _ BOVE aid (Me ov-21202Calculation of Condensate Amount eae Tia fear worms _ AGEN) Guiding values for condensation of water in the scavenge air cooler (drain from water mist catcher), with full, unregulated, cooling water flow. Example : 6L60MC, nominal rated : 15600 bhp. wuz, Ambient temp. 45% HHH Sea water temp. : 32 Ambient temp. : 25% Sea water temp. : 25% TON/ Ban 110 100 = 100% 80 80 + 80% 70 80 50 - 60% 40 30 = 100% 20 ° HHH ) = 80% 10 ° : Z sal. 060% O10 20 30 40 50 60 70 G0 90 100 %MoR LoaD For other MC engines - nominal rated or derated with nominal mean effective pressure + the water condensation is approximately proportional to the MCR shaft power itis rare to see values adove 60 T/24h in this example.Distance from 1 | ns | fax | =] = fn |- Cylinder Liner ‘Measuringpoints for wear MC/MC-C MK V and MK YI engines with high-topland piston ale Unit: mm % 8 8 = Z 8 § i ct 2 4 3 3 z 150 [Leo [ 70 | Leo | t90 } { S80 | seo | $70 | Sao | [x50 [ K60 [x90 | [Keo] Ko0c of 0) Oyo 40[ 45) 40] 45 75] 85 140} 125 350] 380 600] 635 850 895 71300 | 7405 1760 | 1915 2200 | 2425 2401 72800] 3195, quod Buunseew ey) ‘Buunseow e1djeq Mojeq Wg 0} paysnipe 2q Pinoys 44] 53 44.49 Max. piston rod shim ‘ausnan AnH uoisig pueydoy-uBiy quiog seayy soury sepulhg We ‘aor-aerZ02«a Running-in Load PLATE HEAVY INOUSTRES PAGE Running-in Cylinder Liners and Piston Rings 24 22 100% MCR Cylinder finer unningin Runninggin piston rings only 18 geereeee?eaeee (paads sdiys) ,wdy 70714-40 10)Feed Rates at Specified MCR PLATE rerreage Actual engine data at specified MCR Engine | Basic Setting | Po(ohp)at | FeedRate | MEP (bar) at Engine Type’ | Speed at (g/ohph) at Specified | (kg/24h) at Specified | Specified Specified McRt | Specified McR* | wer MCR [Mert Ke 10 | smc 12 | * To be read from the shop tesV/sea trial reports * Tobe caleuated as described in Item 4.4 Examples of engine data at specified MCR: Engine] BasicSetting | Pe (ohp)at | FeedRate | MEP (bar) at Engine Type | Speedat | (gibhph)at | Specified | (kg/2dh) at Specified | Specified MCR Specitied MCR MCR MCR 6Leomc 123 10 15,600 ar4a 7 sseomc 9 12 29,700 055.4 18 6ks0Mc 9 40 35,220 245.3 7