INTRODUCTION

            Mood can imply many different things and take many different forms. In terms of the
meaning of life, mood refers to how you are feeling right now. It refers to the setting of a story
that a reader might experience and to which they might respond emotionally in terms of
literature. However, in grammar, it's entirely different from how you might think because the
attitude of the person using the verb is what matters. It conveys the user's mindset when
employing the verb. It shows whether someone is stating a truth or fact, issuing an order, or
even wishing for something. We'll go through each of the three main moods in turn: indicative,
imperative, and subjunctive.

DETAILED DISCUSSION OF THE TOPIC: 

A. INDICATIVE MOOD

         The indicative mood is a verb form that makes a statement or facts, asks a
question, and states an opinion. It is the baseline mood, because the vast majority of
verbs in sentences are in the indicative mood and it is frequently used. It can also
communicate an opinion because opinions are often conveyed as facts and because
when people have an opinion about something, people typically believe it to be true or
know it to themselves that what they are saying is true. The simple, progressive, and
perfect tenses express the indicative mood.

  
    Here are some examples to further understand it:

  Carlo plays basketball (Fact)

It is a fact or statement because Carlo is really playing basketbalit

 Carlo plays basketball so well (Opinion)

            It shows that for the person that says it Carlo plays basketball
            so well. Therefore it is an Indicative mood because he tells opinion.

 Is Carlo playing basketball? (Question)

            It is in the form of a question, so therefore it is an indicative mood.

  Another examples

 Facts

She is walking.
Sun is so hot.
Carlo is singing a song.

(If the sentence is a statement it is indicative mood)

  Opinion

She walks really smooth.

Sun is not so hot for me.
For me Carlo really sings well.

(If the sentence is giving opinion it is indicative mood)

(Opinion can be a fact too, because when you have an opinion you know or you
believe that it is true therefore it becomes statement or a fact)

 Question

Is she walking?
Is the sun hot?
Is Carlo singing a song?

(If the sentence is in question form it is indicative mood)

B. SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD

The subjunctive mood is the verb form used to explore a hypothetical situation or to
express a wish, a demand, or a suggestion. When used in idioms and set phrases, the
subjunctive mood does not create issues for writers. However, outside set terms, verbs in
the subjunctive mood sometimes sound awkward. Mostly, though, they sound right to the
native ear. The subjunctive mood definitely has its place in English grammar, but we
shouldn’t pretend it isn’t starting to fade. And, it’s starting to fade for two understandable
reasons: firstly, it isn’t particularly useful to convey meaning, and, secondly, the rules for
using it are tricky. In fact, the subjunctive mood is pretty inefficient as a language tool, and,
as a language develops, efficiency always trumps dogma. That said though, verbs in the
subjunctive mood still sound aesthetically pleasing to the native ear, and nobody has started
in earnest to condone subjunctive-mood avoidance, so you should use it.

There are two mood of Subjunctive.

 Present Subjunctive Mood
 Past Subjunctive Mood

PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD

The present subjunctive is the bare form of a verb or a verb with no prefix or suffix. It does not show
agreement with its subject.

Example: “I strongly recommend that he retire.”

There are two patterns of the present subjunctive:

 Formulaic Subjunctive
 Mandative Subjunctive
The formulaic subjunctive is often seen in idioms and other types of figurative language and the
mandative subjunctive is often seen in expressions

The only distinctive form of the “past” subjunctive is the word were. It is used with singular subjects in
conditional sentences and with the subordinating conjunctions as if and as though.

Example: “I love him as if he were my son.”

PAST SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD

Past subjunctives express imaginary conditions. They are used to express sorrow, desire and doubts in
the present, to talk about an imaginary situation in the past, and to refer to unrealistic conditions. It
appears after if or I wish and after as if/as though, and has the same structure of past simple.

Past subjunctive usually appears:

 After if or I wish, to express sorrow or desire;

 After as if/as though to express doubts.

NOTE: the verb to be is always were in past subjunctive.

For example:

“He was acting as if he didn’t know the problem.” = We use the past subjunctive didn’t know
after as if to express doubt.
“If I had more money I would travel the world.” = We use the past subjunctive had and would
after if to talk about an imaginary condition. When referring to unrealistic conditions, that are
unlikely to happen, then we are dealing with the second conditional.