CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 9 UNIT 3: FORCES AND ENERGY

Name ___________________________________ Date _____________

Worksheet 3.1A
Density
In this activity, you will calculate density and decide whether objects will float or sink in water.
In these questions, use the equation
mass
density =
volume

1 Calculate the density of:

a substance A, with a mass of 120 g and a volume of 100 cm3

______________________________ g/cm3
b substance B, with a mass of 1.3 g and a volume of 1000 cm3

______________________________ g/cm3
c substance C, with a mass of 97 g and a volume of 10 cm3

______________________________ g/cm3
d One of the substances, A, B or C is a gas.

Which one is a gas? Write the letter _______________

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Original material © Cambridge University Press 2021. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.
 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 9 UNIT 3: FORCES AND ENERGY

2 a Calculate the density of polystyrene that has a mass of 50 g and a volume of 1000 cm3.

______________________________ g/cm3
b Calculate the density of rubber that has a mass of 1500 g and a volume of 1000 cm3.

______________________________ g/cm3
c Floats are used in swimming pools to help people to learn to swim.
The density of water in swimming pools is 1.0 g/cm3.
i Which substance, polystyrene or rubber, is more suitable for making floats?

____________________________________________________________________________
ii Explain your choice.

____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

Cambridge Lower Secondary Science 9 – Mary Jones, Diane Fellowes-Freeman and Michael Smyth © Cambridge University Press 2021 2
Original material © Cambridge University Press 2021. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.
 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 9 UNIT 3: FORCES AND ENERGY

Name ___________________________________ Date _____________

Worksheet 3.1B
Density
In this activity, you will calculate density and decide whether objects will float or sink in water.
1 Calculate the density of:
a substance A, with a mass of 120 g and a volume of 100 cm3

______________________________ g/cm3
b substance B, with a mass of 1.3 g and a volume of 1000 cm3

______________________________ g/cm3
c substance C, with a mass of 97 g and a volume of 10 cm3

______________________________ g/cm3
d One of the substances, A, B or C is a gas.

Which one is a gas? Write the letter _______________

e One of the substances, A, B or C is a metal used for building bridges.

Which one is a metal? Write the letter _______________

Cambridge Lower Secondary Science 9 – Mary Jones, Diane Fellowes-Freeman and Michael Smyth © Cambridge University Press 2021 3
Original material © Cambridge University Press 2021. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.
 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 9 UNIT 3: FORCES AND ENERGY

2 a Calculate the density of polystyrene that has a mass of 50 g and a volume of 1000 cm3.

______________________________ g/cm3
b Calculate the density of polyethylene that has a mass of 850 g and a volume of 1000 cm3.

______________________________ g/cm3
c Floats are used in swimming pools to help people to learn to swim.
The density of water in swimming pools is 1.0 g/cm3.
Explain whether polystyrene or polyethylene is better for making floats.

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

Cambridge Lower Secondary Science 9 – Mary Jones, Diane Fellowes-Freeman and Michael Smyth © Cambridge University Press 2021 4
Original material © Cambridge University Press 2021. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.
 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 9 UNIT 3: FORCES AND ENERGY

3 A submarine is a type of ship that travels underwater. Submarines can change their density
to float or sink.
The diagram shows a section through the inside of a submarine.

The submarine changes density by changing the volume of air and the volume of water
in the ballast tank.
Complete the table using the words increase or decrease to show how these volumes change for
floating and sinking.

Submarine action Change in volume Change in volume

of air of water

Floating

Sinking

Cambridge Lower Secondary Science 9 – Mary Jones, Diane Fellowes-Freeman and Michael Smyth © Cambridge University Press 2021 5
Original material © Cambridge University Press 2021. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.
 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 9 UNIT 3: FORCES AND ENERGY

Name ___________________________________ Date _____________

Worksheet 3.1C
Density
In this activity, you will calculate density and decide whether objects will float or sink in water.
1 Calculate the density of:
a substance A, with a mass of 120 g and a volume of 100 cm3

______________________________ g/cm3
b substance B, with a mass of 1.3 g and a volume of 1000 cm3

______________________________ g/cm3
c substance C, with a mass of 97 g and a volume of 10 cm3

______________________________ g/cm3

Cambridge Lower Secondary Science 9 – Mary Jones, Diane Fellowes-Freeman and Michael Smyth © Cambridge University Press 2021 6
Original material © Cambridge University Press 2021. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.
 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 9 UNIT 3: FORCES AND ENERGY

d Write the letters A, B and C in the table to show what these substances are.

Name of substance Letter

air

rubber

steel

2 a Calculate the density of polypropylene that has a mass of 910 g and a volume of 1000 cm3.

______________________________ g/cm3
b Calculate the density of polymethylacrylate that has a mass of 1100 g and a volume of 1000 cm3.

______________________________ g/cm3
c Ropes are used in swimming pools to mark lanes for swimmers. The ropes are designed to float.
The density of water in swimming pools is 1.0 g/cm3.
Explain which of polypropylene or polymethylacrylate is better for making ropes for
swimming pools.

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

Cambridge Lower Secondary Science 9 – Mary Jones, Diane Fellowes-Freeman and Michael Smyth © Cambridge University Press 2021 7
Original material © Cambridge University Press 2021. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.
 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 9 UNIT 3: FORCES AND ENERGY

3 A submarine is a type of ship that travels underwater. Submarines can change their density
to float or sink.
The diagram shows a section through the inside of a submarine.

The submarine changes density by changing the volume of air and the volume of water
in the ballast tank.
Explain how the volumes of air and water in the ballast tank should change for the submarine to:
a float

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________
b sink.

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

Cambridge Lower Secondary Science 9 – Mary Jones, Diane Fellowes-Freeman and Michael Smyth © Cambridge University Press 2021 8
Original material © Cambridge University Press 2021. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.
 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 9 UNIT 3: FORCES AND ENERGY

Name ___________________________________ Date _____________

Worksheet 3.2
Heat and temperature
In this activity, you will compare heat and temperature.
1 Each of the statements below refers to either heat or temperature.
Draw straight lines to match each statement to either heat or temperature.

Statement

12 500 J is needed to
make the water boil.

The boiling point of

ethanol is heat
78 °C.

At the coldest place on

Earth, temperature
−71 °C was recorded.

Thermal energy must be

removed from water to
make water freeze.

Cambridge Lower Secondary Science 9 – Mary Jones, Diane Fellowes-Freeman and Michael Smyth © Cambridge University Press 2021 9
Original material © Cambridge University Press 2021. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.
 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 9 UNIT 3: FORCES AND ENERGY

2 Compare the heat and temperature of each of these.

a 250 g of water at 10 °C and 250 g of water at 20 °C.

Heat __________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

Temperature ___________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________
b 10 g of iron at 50 °C and 100 g of iron at 500 °C.

Heat __________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

Temperature ___________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________
3 Describe what happens to the heat and temperature of each of these.
a 5 g of liquid water at 10 °C being cooled to 5 °C with no change in mass.

Heat __________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

Temperature ___________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________
b 320 g of liquid propanol at 50 °C decreasing in mass to 200 g at 50 °C.

Heat __________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

Temperature ___________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

Cambridge Lower Secondary Science 9 – Mary Jones, Diane Fellowes-Freeman and Michael Smyth © Cambridge University Press 2021 10
Original material © Cambridge University Press 2021. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.
 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 9 UNIT 3: FORCES AND ENERGY

Support sheet
1 Start by recalling the unit of temperature and the unit of heat.
Use the units in the statements to match to either heat or temperature.
The last statement contains the word energy. Think whether temperature or heat is a measure
of energy when matching this statement.
2 Remember that the heat in an object is a measure of the total energy of all the particles.
Think:
• what happens to the energy of particles as the temperature increases
• what happens to the number of particles as the mass of a substance increases
3 This question uses the same ideas as question 2. The only difference is that the same
substance is changing.

Cambridge Lower Secondary Science 9 – Mary Jones, Diane Fellowes-Freeman and Michael Smyth © Cambridge University Press 2021 11
Original material © Cambridge University Press 2021. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.
 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 9 UNIT 3: FORCES AND ENERGY

Name ___________________________________ Date _____________

Extension sheet
2 Answer question 2 and explain the similarities and differences in terms of particles.

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________
3 Just as in question 2, include particles in your explanations for the answer to question 3.

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________
4 Compare, using ideas about particles, the heat changes in
• 100 g of liquid water at 10 °C cooling to 0 °C with no change in mass and no change of state
• 100 g of liquid water at 10 °C cooling to 0 °C and freezing to form ice at 0 °C with no change
in mass.

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

Cambridge Lower Secondary Science 9 – Mary Jones, Diane Fellowes-Freeman and Michael Smyth © Cambridge University Press 2021 12
Original material © Cambridge University Press 2021. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.
 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 9 UNIT 3: FORCES AND ENERGY

Name ___________________________________ Date _____________

Worksheet 3.3
Conservation of energy
In this activity, you will think about how the law of conservation of energy applies to different situations.
1 State the law of conservation of energy.

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________
2 Explain how the law of conservation of energy applies to:
a an electric lamp that changes electrical energy to light energy and thermal energy

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________
b a truck engine that changes chemical energy to kinetic energy, sound energy and thermal energy

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

Cambridge Lower Secondary Science 9 – Mary Jones, Diane Fellowes-Freeman and Michael Smyth © Cambridge University Press 2021 13
Original material © Cambridge University Press 2021. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.
 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 9 UNIT 3: FORCES AND ENERGY

c a television

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________
d an active adult who is not gaining or losing body mass.

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

Cambridge Lower Secondary Science 9 – Mary Jones, Diane Fellowes-Freeman and Michael Smyth © Cambridge University Press 2021 14
Original material © Cambridge University Press 2021. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.
 CAMBRIDGE LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE 9 UNIT 3: FORCES AND ENERGY

Worksheet 3.3
Teacher support sheet
These questions are designed to differentiate by outcome.
1 Most learners should have the idea that (the quantity of) energy stays the same.
Others will have the idea that energy cannot be created / made or destroyed, although they can
express this in different ways.
Some may continue the law to state that energy can be changed or transferred.
A specific example is not acceptable, as the law should be expressed in a general form.
2 For each of these, learners should have the idea that ‘energy in equals energy out’.
Others may further qualify this as the total energy input to the system is equal to the total
of the energy types output.
In each case, reference should be made to the energy types specific to that example.
Parts c and d are, therefore, more challenging as the energy types are not given.

Cambridge Lower Secondary Science 9 – Mary Jones, Diane Fellowes-Freeman and Michael Smyth © Cambridge University Press 2021 15
Original material © Cambridge University Press 2021. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.