Chapher foo Bae — porkcle chapler hos. n ~ Po Duty 5 pobability and the sdedingot ee whan - \ cyl? ails Wave — porkccle duos) + Bt Bae under Certain circumstance * sya’ = Electromegpekse wares behave 8 particles (phabes) ond = pactide (Sach as clefrens) behax Wer wares with E=h peb a a aed 27 wave particle duality whe eleckion peepagates throw) space it interacks a ¢ yortmt Whe a wase type @ parkrele a Zip ils Ev) ae? QW Ake electron or pion propaeles 06 vince bur dept oh jhe wooe 2 we é . we Jk disappears, fro pe Lo wha edapse of Pe wast foretinn ° es mn all over Space , never fap cetceenioears CamScanner 4 Wig & gual92. ' Wave packets NSW allt — soe wave packel Yoh <3 ours oO OF —_—_ +~— amon (x= Uf) Hon Ss go c dk ? ce ee ampleae wn Cveighh? pw ‘B [fo e 44 NN cket i b-Space : f dee) + wove packet in ap vous packet in ren or (momentunr Space) pace (paeities space) Xs wast namber ® CamScanner 3 li92 4>g.uaall# Copenhagen inter preled pn sa ernie oh OD = Fa moligr wave is given by wave pack q+) 5 here | exadly 16 Ake parhele 2 foe aes e nar (Gabel) Gale veet g tier? e | > MS ig the parkicle is nab being deeded he ckeere vob nok looking) « Ve ae no Che particle is exrovrere (ke-03") \f rhe particle is being inedlta 4 He probability Y ae «fk nding the pocicl_bebveen ot gadk is ae ny ee e wt a | Pen a dx = 2 Heol at axl ~ Copenhagen CaCO per crepe oo en ae ge an and if i due fe Mak Born o & / a Similarly 3 pobobild} of Finding the paritcle with a wave rao doween kk and ‘aA is —— \ Pur» \d wl alk ar | _—— 6 CamScanner + Lig &guall& Normalization « of j feo da =| -| \don) dn ae a oo ° 2 and J Porrdk = | foo) dk =! “0 a poe: tes 14 a Comper fundion Panis Net fe tr a J » Free bogak & ig Yrs at 2 ath conyageke «) 2 —~d (eb) ek Gassion wave packer dueve Ae @ Find Nermalizakion factor (conan) pf) 2 <— ees ise gh be ° [rele ot Sere “? “dock d Arie Ib ws K-Ke du = dk wo gu> A { eo du st = CamScanner 3 li92 4>g.uaall° TERK 4 ee we k fone 2 (4 “0 “ . a ~A UK) ot ikx 1 (ee | & de = Now ir we ® CamScanner li92 4>s.uaallge o/c ye t Bt Heisenberg _Uncer lanky | principe : Yur DX + Standard De \ yi) oy? a x beok zz 3K oe Gaussian Dididowkon oxbp ok 2 wy If the mana ig measured with an uncerkainky PP 5 then the position Cannot ( at the same time) fo measqred more & actarolly fhan DK Se . a Ey esters acertainy [ ax wt and BEDE FE) -glahow (principle )- » “the equality is achieve only for Eraussiem disteilodPn 8 ee EL Bo ur ds gt eee pappe 2G ig Ths principle Ghats that ” Gb 15 impossible tbe delibe an egpetinent Ogee S Can mengwe simnulbaneous) ly hye ea variables fo dit arbitrary aceuraey” CamScanner 3 li92 4>g.uaall" ¢nG) Ah owe © binning Cases - ® dors Ser i) tan = Sey-m? {far = ( SEOnnee e = a e gon = | Staemd @ OX ¥ - a3 1 KX - ol) * ef pea this means thab she postion spa / at 4his means the momentute 1S 75 completly andetermined 3 competig dndeketmth a: ae (ik can be ary uae) wari ee ew ge MP No palling Fiat YEP Sah oF a oP Oe a EOS KY EH ee et” wpe o EO neo? Cv) ae (apne d 6@) eserywhere > bLGIS = uy OP os kee TN sy ost ay 06 we ce atl dob Uy PT ice pao eh ore fF yest per abe oF s a Ae gy oot pa pe a6 Gy + he * wee etl por MVE OF gb ae ee ; pore pow eer G 2D G8) . , @ (aap A) RE CamScanner 3 li92 4>g.uaall2s Motion of ware packels on oe 9 of q wave packel w, thoul dislorhon wh) =%K nb CD yt wen despeesive plopagiha : all the waves moves in The medtam with same velecily vo 4 iC ex-wt) _J “ban as | due e ak “# “ew “ iK(4-WE) “ ' fa a | sure dk with br J wase pate heey foes fore 5 which areans thal Phe wave Pa moves Jo the right witheuk distortion with veletity Yo + Ly The mest realistic Case cy = wwCk) assume thet che) peaks ak k=Ke ar wk) dwle? ao) Ve & z and Ys aE t 3 ’ ¢ xd > ost se © CamScanner = li92 4>g.uaallcow at Which wave packel (compssed of a saperpaniren > isthe delocity of many plan waves ) travels of prepagatrn for the phase of a Single harmone Ys! 1S the velocity thy (xv,t) e Wate dwUd Vy pais * = GWU dk Vy Can be Smaller , equal oF larger Phan Spm + 2& For quanham objeck meving in a constant potential V . 2 the mchenicel ons ogefav ; tL 2m j 2m Meineke energy Seb yy = se ge de P = 2 dl de OP qe ae ap este . 56 -wic shv piv Ny egual te the classteal velecety of the quantam ckyeck . CamScanner 3 li92 4>g.uaallDV, Ww kw 22(£4) Ge Pn ee) f ‘ x Vato eS: . when Vee -7 am > 2 oe i Usignfacance . xe In gaorl > phase velocity has ne meaningful physical Signfa 2:51 Time-dependent Schrodimer e4n Hamitter’'s equations SX LOM and AP Le dt OP ae * Ox for free parhele ieee) Yes Ae Vase ) (ah op . aoa K Loa not i gt ent gue am 2 buts the knee energy (kee) —» e-& = Se; wat cet =F Schrodinger equation Aiate. = ee > ie bP [ees ven] few - es) OL a + Time dependent where fi is the Hamiltonian sperader Schrodinger eauacion Cererqy ) ® CamScanner 3 li92 4>g.uaallhole: “tre presence of “Plank’s conshank “h’ tell us this Vs nok a classical sastem 2:8: Stifickary shakes + Time — Wnerendent_potenbals ony ots Oooo Vibe = vce —> Separation ef variables - Veer = he fue 4 1 2f4 (f= gx vem] bey ra de hp “| each side clepends on oneVatiahle then must be equal constant clenoted by ea Colp War oy Xr tts ee Ft = Ga=& eee = ef | and {= J+ ver Vas 2 fee ( J am ae Aime —indep. Schrodinge ecpabior Solukin ra fierce Sebel, _ al te Up caus gel ae = 1 vd ae N54 x Heol = ime tee = | eel % . & Normalizatom $F \ Pures] dé 21 > Boundary condi} ion fees — © a rae ORE UD Y oF w ceery ( He OG Vie ww CamScanner 2 bi92 4>g.uaallmost general solulen ef Hime —dependenl sehcadinger — Cquartio. ¥ iEnt Peer => ¢, fcr é ere fhe fer dr 5 Yu = De es es) Dt? Expectation value . ® CamScanner 3 li92 4>g.uaallSS SEES RSE MC EEE EEEES DEEN ERREERSSEEOESISSO fo wave park} in k-space 4? ‘ find pos [geal 22? ® CamScanner 3 li92 4>g.uaall(21 wey = Joe Vin ter so ok Veh = he Vye dom) bk de |" ata A tea Bl dar seatu aA hen rd hor, Bad 8? Je» Ta de «(a aC tf. fy, ae = 0.0f +4 4 oof sh @4 CamScanner 3 li92 4>g.uaalli ee Xs { wo = \Sin(Fx) 7 ayer o > otherwise a @ CamScanner 3 li92 4>s.uaallConsider a system whose initial state wave function, at t = 0, is given in terms of a complete and orthonormal set of three eigen functions {¥j, i=1,2 or 3} as v(x) =0.3 (x) + A Wo(x) + 0.5 W3(x). Find A so that (x) is normalized. a. 0.954 b. 0.66 © ¢.0.87 © d.0.81 © e.0.75 CamScanner 3 li92 4>g.uaallThe wave packet in the k-space of a quantum object is as shown below. Calculate the probability of finding the object with linear momentum between 0 and 0.5a. ante Mh lee iby = Tale ple = jes a. 0.48 b. 0.35 c. 0.39 d, 0.44 CamScanner 3 li92 4>g.uaall