Section-I 

  (25 Marks)
Left realism and right realism (2020
Phrenology and physiognomy (2020
Sociology of law, criminal etiology and penology (2020
Focus of typology (2021
II. Understanding Criminology

Definition, meaning and scope of criminology, Criminology and criminal law (2016; social
problems: Crime, Deviance, Sin, Vice (2022, Evil, Norms, Values; Security (Physical, Social,
Economic)

Nature vs Nurture debate on criminology (2020

Nature, scope and importance of criminology (2016, 2017, 2018

III.  Crime and Criminals

Occasional criminals, Habitual criminals, Professional criminals, White-collar crime (2016,

Organized crime, corporate crimes.

Term crime and criminals (2016

IV. Crime and Criminality: Theoretical Perspectives (2017

An early explanation of criminal behavior (2021

 Biological Theories (2021; Psychological Theories, Sociological Theories (social

bonding theory, differential association theory) (2019
 Social Disorganization theory
 Strain theory
 Social Control theory
 Learning theory
 Labeling Theory
 Islamic perspective on deviance, crime and punishment (2018
 Theory of anomie (2022
Section-II   (25 Marks)
Recidivism limits in/stitution of prison + definition (2019, 2020

V. Juvenile Delinquency + nature, extent and causes in Pakistan + remedies + risk +

protective factors + history (2018, 2020, 2022

Meaning, definitions (Behavioral Vs Legal), Juvenile delinquent Vs status offender, Official

statistics of juvenile delinquency

VI. Juvenile Justice System + functions + responsibilities + suggestions + causes (2017,

2019, 2022

 Role of police + development history of police organization (2018, 2022

 Juvenile court process:
 pretrial, trial and sentencing
 Role of prosecutor, defense counsel, juvenile judge, juvenile probation
officer
 Juvenile correctional institutions, probation (2021 and non-punitive alternatives
VII. The Criminal Justice System:

 Police and its role

 Trial and Conviction of Offenders
 Agencies: formal and informal
 Role of crime control agencies (2016
 Criminal courts: procedures and problems (2021
 Role of prosecutors
 Prisons, Probation (definition and its conditions)(2016, 2017 and Parole (2017
VIII. Punitive and Reformative Treatment of Criminals

Corporal punishment and capital punishment (2020, Imprisonment, Rehabilitation of criminals.

Section-III   (25 Marks)
IX. Criminal Investigation + definition (2018, 2020

Principles of criminal investigation (2016, 2017, 2018, 2020, Manual of preliminary

investigation, Intelligence operations, Data base investigation, Electronic investigation, Forensic
Investigation (forensic science) 2019, 2022
X. Techniques of Investigations (define and differentiate between interviewing and
interrogation techniques) 2019

Gathering information from persons, Interviewing and interrogation techniques (2016, 2021,
Criminal investigation analysis,

XI. Legal and Ethical Guidelines for Investigators (2017, 2022

Stop and frisk operations, Arrest procedures, Search and seizure.

XII. International Policing Criminal Justice Monitoring Organizations

UNAFEI, INTERPOL (2018, 2020, 2021, EUROPOL (2021, UNODC, UNICEF, IPA, etc.

Section-IV   (25 Marks)
XIII. Modern Concepts in Contemporary Criminology

 Terrorism (2020, Radicalism and War on Terror

 Media’s representation of Crime and the Criminal Justice System
 Modern Law Enforcement and Crime Prevention (2019
 Intelligence-led Policing (2018, 2021
 Community Policing (2022), Institutional corrections and alternative
community corrections (2020)

 Private Public Partnership

 Gender and Crime in Urban and Rural Pakistan (2017
 Crime and Urbanization, Organized Crime and White-Collar Crime (2016
 Human Rights Abuses and Protection, especially Children, Women and Minorities
and the role of civil society and NGOs
 Money-laundering + cryptocurrency (2016, 2017, 2018, 2021
 Cyber Crime (2016, 2019
Role of NAB, FIA, ANF Law enforcement agencies (2017, 2022
Past papers

Anglo America group

American spanish war 1898 raised America’s status as world power

American revolution, American civil war (2019)

Effect of industrialization (2016)

Great depression (2016)

Westward expansion (2019)

Presidency of Roosevelt (2019)

Philosophy of non-violence martin Luther king (2019)

Factors led to new England confederation 1643 establishment (2019)

US and Britain revolutionary war + how they came closer , impact of british advent
in USA,

Seneca falls convention 1848 led to 19th amendment, Phildaphelia convention led
to new constitution, formation and structure of US constitution

Treaty of paris 1763 and 1783 + effect on US (2018)

Stamp Act 1765 (2018)

American status of women (2018), African American struggle for equality (2018),
blacks civil rights movement (2016)
US separation of power + branches of US government

Theories of government held by federalists and anti-federalists

Jeffersonian and jacksonian democracy

Pak US relations + Pak afghan policy (2018)

WW1 Woodrow Wilson failed to convince to become part of league of nations

US economuy augmentation in world war 11 (2018), WW11 was bipolar world

more peaceful and stable than the multipolar world, US as superpower after world
war 2 (2017)

Muslims perception of US

US role in major international conflicts

Merits and demerits of US election system

Factors led to the outbreak of cold war, beginning and end of cold war (2018),
Economic challenges president Clinton faced in cold war era (2019),

Economic challenges faced by Ronald reagan (2016)

Civil war

NATO (2020)

Changing geo-strategic environment rising China vis a vis US (2020)

George W Bush insignificant influence on American policy, Domestic policy of
Harry S Truman, New US India policy, foreign assistance an instrument of US
foreign policy made it a superpower, wave of nationalism in American foreign
policy under trump (2019), BUSH doctrine foreign policy guidelines

Short notes

Watergate scandal

Woodrow Wilson as president, pak us relations after 9/11, expansion of us during

1900-1949

Dollar diplomacy, U-2 incident, Eisenhower doctrine (2016)

US war on terror

Dred Scott decision

American sense of destiny

Revisionist views on US role in cold war

Respect and hate for JP Morgan

US History

I. Introduction of History Of USA:-

 From old occasions to 1492

 Advent of the Europeans to British magazines (1492-1606)

II. The USA as a British Colony (1606-1783).

III. The USA as an Independent Country (1783 – 1819)

IV. Development of USA: From 13 to 50 States (1820 – 1949)

V. Constitution of the USA: Salient Features

VI. Common War between the North and the East (1850 – 1869

VII. Industrialization and its development as one of the world forces (1870 – 1916)

VIII. USA’s job in the Two World Wars (1914 – 1918 and 1939 – 1945)

IX. Post-1945 world situation and the rise of the USA and USSR as the Two
World Powers.

X. American Role in belittling UNO and International Organizations 1945 – 2012

XI. American Role exposed War and its rise as the Sole Super Power (1945 -
1990).

XII. Global Concerns of USA: An Overview.

XIII. The War on Terror: The Role of Pakistan and USA (2001 – 2012)

XIV. Worldwide view of the USA.

XV. Dynamic Era: Reforms of Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson,

XVI. The Great Depression and the New Deal

XVII. Social liberties Movement

XVIII. US’s job in International Conflict

XIX. US Presidential Election

XX. The US Congress: Role and Functions

XXI. Detachment of Powers: Check and Balances