Miomio, Juliet Marie L.

BSN-2D NCM 109

DEFINITION OF EACH TERMS

1. BERIBERI- a deficiency of thiamin, more commonly known as vitamin B1. Your

body needs thiamin to break down and digest the foods you eat, to keep your
metabolism going, and help your muscles and nervous system do their jobs
effectively. Beriberi can affect the cardiovascular system or central nervous
system.

2. DEHYDRATION- occurs when you use or lose more fluid than you take in, and
your body doesn't have enough water and other fluids to carry out its normal
functions. If you don't replace lost fluids, you will get dehydrated.

3. GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX Disease (GERD) - occurs when stomach

acid frequently flows back into the tube connecting your mouth and stomach
(esophagus). This backwash (acid reflux) can irritate the lining of your
esophagus. Many people experience acid reflux from time to time.

4. INGUINAL HERNIA- occurs when tissue, such as part of the intestine, protrudes
through a weak spot in the abdominal muscles. The resulting bulge can be
painful, especially when you cough, bend over or lift a heavy object. However,
many hernias do not cause pain. An inguinal hernia isn't necessarily dangerous.

5. INSENSIBLE LOSS - the amount of body fluid lost daily that is not easily
measured, from the respiratory system, skin, and water in the excreted stool. The
exact amount is unmeasurable but is estimated to be between 40 to 800mL/day
in the average adult without comorbidities.

6. INTUSSUSCEPTION- is a serious condition in which part of the intestine slides

into an adjacent part of the intestine. This telescoping action often blocks food or
fluid from passing through. Intussusception also cuts off the blood supply to the
part of the intestine that's affected.

7. KERATOMALACIA- an eye (ocular) condition, usually affecting both eyes

(bilateral), that results from severe deficiency of vitamin A. That deficiency may
be dietary (i.e., intake) or metabolic (i.e., absorption).
8. KWASHIORKOR- a severe form of malnutrition. It's most common in some
developing regions where babies and children do not get enough protein or other
essential nutrients in their diet. The main sign of kwashiorkor is too much fluid in
the body's tissues, which causes swelling under the skin (oedema).

9. LIVER TRANSPLANTATION- is surgery to replace a diseased liver with a

healthy liver from another person. A whole liver may be transplanted, or just part
of one. In most cases the healthy liver will come from an organ donor who has
just died. Sometimes a healthy living person will donate part of their liver.

10. MCBURNEY’S POINT- corresponds to the location of the base of the appendix
and is found by placing the little finger of one hand in the umbilicus and the
thumb on the anterior superior ileal spine.

11. MECKEL’S DIVERTICULUM - a true intestinal diverticulum that results from the
failure of the vitelline duct to obliterate during the fifth week of fetal development.
1 to 2 it contains all normal layers of the intestinal wall and, in approximately 50
percent of cases, contains tissue from other sites (ectopic tissue).

12. NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS (NEC) - is a serious gastrointestinal problem

that mostly affects premature babies. The condition inflames intestinal tissue,
causing it to die. A hole (perforation) may form in your baby's intestine. Bacteria
can leak into the abdomen (belly) or bloodstream through the hole.

13. NUTRITIONAL MARASMUS- is a type of protein-energy malnutrition that can

affect anyone but is mainly seen in children. You can get marasmus if you have a
severe deficiency of nutrients like calories, proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, and
minerals. It is more common in developing countries, like in some areas of Asia
and Africa.

14. OVERHYDRATION- also called water intoxication or water excess, condition

characterized by an excessive volume of water in the body. Overhydration occurs
when the body's ability to dispose of fluid is overcome by a large fluid intake.

15. PELLAGRA- a systemic disease that results from severe vitamin B3 (Niacin)
deficiency. Mild deficiency may go unnoticed, but a diet chronically low or without
Niacin may result in the 4 D's: diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, and possibly even
death. Usually diarrhea will occur before the other D's.

16. SCURVY- a state of dietary deficiency of vitamin C (ascorbic acid). The human
body lacks the ability to synthesize and make vitamin C and therefore depends
on exogenous dietary sources to meet vitamin C needs. The body's pool of
vitamin C can be depleted in 1-3 months.
17. STEATORRHEA- an increase in fat excretion in the stools. Steatorrhea is one of
the clinical features of fat malabsorption and noted in many conditions such as
exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI), celiac disease, and tropical sprue.

18. VOLVULUS- a condition in which the bowel twists on itself, causing obstruction
to the flow of material through the bowel. It can also lead to obstruction of the
blood supply to the intestine itself, which can result in tissue death within the
bowel.

19. XEROPHTHALMIA- a dry thickened lusterless condition of the eyeball resulting

especially from a severe systemic deficiency of vitamin A. Other Words from
xerophthalmia Example Sentences Learn More About xerophthalmia.

20. RICKETS- is the softening and weakening of bones in children, usually because
of an extreme and prolonged vitamin D deficiency. Rare inherited problems also
can cause rickets. Vitamin D helps your child's body absorb calcium and
phosphorus from food.