FINITE ELEMENT

ANALYSIS
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2 Dr.Amr Shaaban- Finite Element Analysis 4/16/2017
CONCEPTS

DEFINITION
The finite element method (FEM) is a computational technique used to obtain
approximate solutions of boundary value problems in engineering.

It is a boundary value problem is a mathematical problem in which one or more

dependent variables must satisfy a differential equation everywhere within a
known domain of independent variables and satisfy specific conditions on the
boundary of the domain.

MAIN DISCIPLINES
Fluids
Solids

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 1D ELEMENT 2D ELEMENT 3D ELEMENT
FORCE BASED
ELEMENT TYPE SOLVING TECHNIQUES

Mathematical Formulation DISPLACEMENT BASED

ሶ
[M]{Ẍ}+[C]{X}+[K]{X}={F}

Mass Matrix Damping Matrix Stiffness Matrix Load Matrix

Acceleration Matrix Velocity Matrix Displacement Matrix

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ANALYSIS TYPES

STATIC ANALSYS

•Static analysis studies the effects of, steady

[K]{X}={F} loading (static force or moment) while inertia
load and damping effects are neglected.
•The term “structural loop stiffness”
characterizes the system's overall static
performance.
{X}: Displacement matrix, [K]: Stiffness matrix,
and {F}: Static load matrix.

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ANALYSIS TYPES

MODAL ANALSYS

•The eigenvalues ω2 yield the natural frequencies ω of the system.

[K][X] =ω2[M][X] •The eigenvectors [X] define the mode shapes.
•The first frequency is usually called the fundamental frequency.
•An essential dynamic analysis to evaluate the dynamic behavior
of the system. It also a prerequisite for frequency response and
transient analyses.

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ANALYSIS TYPES
FREQUENCY RESPONCE

The harmonic analyses are helpful to verify whether or

F= Fo sinωt not the design will successfully overcome resonance and
harmful effects of forced vibrations.
Two theoretical methods can be applied to generate the
FRF:
•The full method: gives an exact solution
•The mode superposition method: which is employed in
this work. It uses linear iterations to converge the exact
values, which takes less computational time. In order to
increase the accuracy of the results, a sufficient number
of natural frequencies are included.
•ω: the exciting frequency.
•Fo : amplitude of the exiting load.

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ANALYSIS TYPES TRANSIENT ANALSYS

ሶ
[M]{Ẍ}+[C]{X}+[K]{X}={F} •The values of the time-varied loads
are transferred to perform transient
F= F(t) analysis at which they are subjected
to the entity in a table form.
•Like all previous analysis types, it is
an implicit analysis. Which means it
use implicit time integration. Solver
solve for displacement which
requires iterations to achieve the
matrix inversion. Although it requires
few iterations, each iteration is time
expensive.
•It depends on the initial, min and
max time step to compromise the
time cost and the convergence.
•The general mathematical
formulation is used.

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ANALYSIS TYPES

EXPLICIT ANALSYS

ሶ
[M]{Ẍ}+[C]{X}+[K]{X}={F}

•High change in physics occurs in short time interval.

(Ex: Can crush).
•Unlike all previous analysis types, it is an explicit
analysis. Which means explicit time integration.
Solver solve for acceleration directly which requires
no matrix inversion.
•It requires a relatively too small time step that
depends on the load curve and the time step of the
smallest element in the system. Hence, many
iterations are required; however, each iterations
needs less time compared to that in implicit.

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ANALYSIS TYPES

THERMAL ANALYSIS •q:represents the thermal

resistance of the system which
may be constant or varied with
[q (t)]{T}= {Q (t)} temperature (t).
•{T} is the temperature matrix.
•Q (W/m2.oC): The heat
generation at the hot spots of
the system.
•The thermal properties of
various elements materials:
•Coefficient of thermal
conductivity (W/m.oC),
•Specific heat (J/Kg. oC), and
•Coefficient of thermal
expansion.

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ELEMENT TYPES

1D ELEMENT

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ELEMENT TYPES

2D ELEMENT

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ELEMENT TYPES

3D ELEMENT

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MESH CONTROLS

Element size

Mesh independent system

Physics jumps against

computational cost

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