STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS

Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Seda Öncü Davas

 Chopra, A. K. (2012). Dynamics of Structures: Theory and Applications to Earthquake
Engineering,Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.
 Roy, R., Craig, Jr., (1981). Structural Dynamics: An Introduction to Computer Methods,
Wiley.
 Clough, R.W., Penzien, J. (1993). Dynamics of Structures, McGraw-Hill.
 Paz, M., Leigh, W. (2006). Structural Dynamics: Theory and Computation, Springer
Science & Business Media.
 Kasımzade, A.A. (2004). Yapı Dinamiği Temelleri ve Deprem Mühendisliği
Uygulamaları (CD ilaveli), 2. Baskı, Birsen Yayınevi.
 Çatal H.H., Yeşilce Y. (2017).Yapı Dinamiği, Birsen Yayınevi.
OVERVIEW OF STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS

What is the Structural Dynamics?

 Essentially it is response analysis for structures subjected to dynamic loads.

 Dynamic means time-varying. A dynamic load is one whose magnitude, direction or

point of application varies with time; while the resulting time-varying deflections,
and stresses constitute the dynamic response.
 OVERVIEW OF STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS
 A structural dynamic problem differs from the corresponding static problem in two
important respects:

Time-varying nature of the excitation The role played by accelerations in a structural dynamic problem.

The Difference Between Static & Dynamic Loading

The system subjected to a static load P The system subjected to a time-varying load P(t)

The system under the static loading can be
easily analyzed with equilibrium equaitons.
The response is only displacement.
The accelerations of the beam gives rise to a
distributed inertia force.
The system analyzed by solving differantial
equation for the motion of the system.
The response due to dynamic loading is
displacement, velocity and acceleration.
 DYNAMIC LOAD CLASSIFICATIONS
Periodic Non-Periodic
 The periodic loading repeats in time.  Loadings which does not exhibit the same
time-variation successively
P(t)
 Periodic loadings can be often
 It may be short duration (blast or explosion)
solve analytically
P(t)

 Non-periodic loadings often

t
need to solve numerically

T t

 Time to repeat T is called as «period» or long duration impulsive loadings (earthquake)

 Period is the time required for one complete P(t)
cycle of vibration to pass a given point
 Priod and frequency are in reciprocal
t
relationships: f=1/T
 DYNAMIC ANALYSIS
 Solve dynamic problems, the following process is applied

Analytical model Mahtematical model Dynamic behavior

Consist of: Consist of: Dynamic behavior is

obtained by solution of
 A set of simplifying assumptions  Writing differantial differential equations
made in reducing real system to equation of motion
the anaytical model

 A set of drawings depicting the

analytical model

 A list of design parameters (sizes,

materials,..)

In practise, these two stages are called mathematical modeling

 DYNAMIC ANALYSIS
 Analytical models fall into two basic categories

Continuous models Discrete parameter models

Distributed mass cantilever beam one-degree-of-freedom model, a discreteparameter model;

The mass is continuously distributed

three-degree-of-freedom model, a more refined discrete-

parameter model
 DYNAMIC ANALYSIS
 Continuous systems:

 inertia forces can be determined by displacement of each point. Thus a continuous model
represents an infinite degree of freedoom.

 Continuous system model are expressed by partial differantial equations (PDE)

𝜕2 𝜕2 𝑢 𝜕2 𝑢
 Like that: 𝐸𝐼 2 +𝑚 𝑥 = 𝑃(𝑥, 𝑡)
𝜕𝑥 2 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 2

 So, it is diffucult to analyze.

 DYNAMIC ANALYSIS
 Discrete-parameter Models:
 Shown here are called as «lumped mass model»

 One degree of freedoom model

m
 Because the mass of the system is assumed as to be represented by a small number of masses.

 This is an idealized model.

 The lumped-mass model is expressed by ordinary differantial equations (ODE).

 𝑚𝑢ሷ + 𝑘𝑢 = 𝑃(𝑡)

 The model is easy to analyze and results are approximate to the continuous model.
 OVERWIEV OF THE COURSE SCOPE
 𝒖(𝒕): displacement
𝒅𝒖 𝒕
 𝒖ሶ 𝒕 = : velocity
𝒅𝒕
𝒅𝟐 𝒖 𝒕
 𝒖ሷ 𝒕 = : acceleration
𝒅𝒕𝟐

Once a mathematical model has been formulated, the next step in a dynamical analysis is to solve the
differential equation(s) to obtain the dynamical response that is predicted.

𝒅𝟐 𝒖 𝒕
 𝒎 𝟐 +ku(t)=P(t)  One degree of freedoom model
𝒅𝒕
 OVERWIEV OF THE COURSE SCOPE
 The two types of dynamic behavior that are of primary importance in structural applications are free
vibration and forced vibration (or forced response),

 Free vibration being the motion resulting from specified initial conditions:
under P(t)=0 with initial displacement, initial velocity

 Forced vibration being the motion resulting directly from specified inputs to the system from
external sources

i. Harmonic loading ii. Special loading iii. Earthquake loading

P(t)=P0cos(t)
P(t)=P0sin(t) P(t)
P(t)

t
Very difficult to write analytically
Huge amount of loading in very short time. Numerical solution will be used.