Introduction to (CAD-CAM-CAE & FEM)

Asst. Prof. Dr. Omran Abushammala

Mechanical Engineering Department
Outline
✓ What is CAD-CAM-CAE ?
Intro.

✓ Computer-Aided Design (CAD) SolidWorks as an example

1.

2. ✓ Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM)

3.
✓ Computer-Aided Engineering (CAE)
 CAD-CAM-
CAE
Computer-Aided Design (CAD)
Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM)
Computer-Aided Engineering (CAE)
 Computer-Aided
Computer-Aided Design (CAD) Design (CAD)
It is a technology for design and
technical documentation, which
replaces manual drafting with an
automated process.
 SolidWorks User Interface
SolidWorks

• Part:
Single body or Multibody of one Function.
• Assembly:
Combination of Multiple Parts
• Drawing:
Technical Drawing of Part or Assembly
SolidWorks 2022
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xHMIbyd_fKg
Assembly Design: Exploded View

Napco Rotary Gear Pump

 Jet engine

A jet engine is a reaction engine discharging a fast-moving jet

that generates thrust by jet propulsion.
Sheet metal products
SolidWorks Compatibility
Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)
Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM)
Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) is the use of software to
control machine tools and related ones in the manufacturing of
workpieces.
CAD model and CNC machined part
CNC Machine
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Lh600hVyt8
CNC Machine
CNC Machine
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i-PgeWbDgq4
Computer-Aided Engineering (CAE)

Computer-aided engineering (CAE) is the broad

usage of computer software to aid
in engineering analysis tasks.
It includes finite element analysis (FEA),
computational fluid dynamics (CFD),
multibody dynamics (MBD), and optimization.
This includes simulation, validation, and
optimization of products, processes, and
manufacturing tools.
 Main Steps of CAE Analysis

In general, there are three phases in any

computer-aided engineering task:
•Pre-processing : defining the model and
environmental factors to be applied to it.
•Solving: by submitting the prepared model
to a solver (usually performed on high
powered computers) so we can perform the
analysis
•Post-processing of results (using
visualization tools)
This cycle is iterated, often many times,
either manually or with the use
of commercial optimization software.
Finite Element Analysis (FEA)

The Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is a

numerical method for solving problems of
engineering and mathematical physics. It is also
referred to as Finite Element Method (FEM).
The Finite Element Method

▪The finite element method (FEM) is a computer technique for solving partial
differential equations. We use it to predict the deformation and stress fields within
solid bodies subjected to external forces, involving fluid flow, heat transfer,
electromagnetic fields, diffusion, and many other phenomena.
 Brief History of FEM
Hrennikoff [1941] - Lattice of 1D bars
McHenry [1943] - Model 3D solids
Turner et al. (1956)–stiffness matrices of truss elements, beam
elements, 2-D plane stress elements.
Clough (1960) – (a) the first use of the phrase “finite element”
(b) triangular and rectangular elements in plane stress
problems
…
Zienkiewicz (1967) – “The Finite Element Method”.

FEM software: ANSYS – 1970

Nonlinear FEM software: MARC – 1971…
Today – (a) High-speed computers and PC’s
(b) FEM theory and applications (c) CAD/CAE
 Linear behavior
Recall,in the 1600s, Robert Hooke discovered a simple linear
relationship between force (F) and displacement (u), known as
Hooke’s Law:
F=K.u
• The constant K represents structural stiffness.
• A linear structure obeys this linear relationship.
• A common example is a simple spring:
F
u K
K

• Linear structures are well-suited to finite-element analysis, which is

based on linear matrix algebra.
Cantilever, End Load

𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥 = ?
Cantilever, End Load

𝑀 ∗ 𝑦𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
𝐼𝑧𝑧
ℎ
𝑦𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟 =
2
𝑏ℎ3
𝐼 = 𝐼𝑧𝑧 = =10.42* 10−8 𝑚4
12

1000∗0.2∗0.025
𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥 = −8 =47.9 * 106 =47.9 MPa
10.42∗ 10
Comparison with FEA in ANSYS
Spring Element
Bar Element
Stiffness Matrix
FEA Procedures
Engineering design:

CAD CAE CAM

Engineering design:
Stress Analysis

Solidworks 3D Model

Deflection Analysis
Optimization in ANSYS
Why You Should Care About Simulation?

Of course, design iterations and physical testing cannot (and should not) be entirely
eliminated from the product design process. However, with Computer-Aided
Engineering (CAE) the days, weeks or months of physical testing are replaced with
hours or sometimes even minutes of a simulation run.
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
CFD Simulation of a racing car
Supercomputers

Scientific Research
Nuclear Energy
Materials Science
Weather Forecasting
Intelligence Agencies
Data Mining

Titan supercomputeris a system capable of churning

through more than 20,000 trillion
calculations each second—or 20 petaflops—by employing
a family of processors, called graphics processing units
(GPUs),The system contains 18,688 nodes, with each
holding a 16-core AMD Opteron 6274 processor and an
NVIDIA Tesla K20 GPU accelerator. Titan also has
more than 700 terabytes of memory.