Professional Documents
Culture Documents
You are required to explicate one of the four selections from Ibn Sina's works given in
the book Philosophy in the Middle Ages.
Below are the passages from each selection that I consider important:
[1] It is absolutely inconceivable that the Necessary Existent would intellect things
by way of things. Otherwise, (1) It would subsist inasmuch as it intellects—and so
It would subsist by means of the things; or (2) Its intellecting would be accidental
to It—and so It would not exist necessarily in every way.
We find that some of the things which have existence from a cause exist
continuously without matter, and others with matter; some exist through an
intermediate cause, others without an intermediate cause. It is proper that
everything which does not exist through a preceding matter should not be called
generated, but created, and that we posit as the most excellent of that which is
called created that which does not come to be from the first cause through an
intermediate cause, be it material, or acting, or some other.
Many things originating from other things survive the latter’s corruption; when
their being does not subsist in them, and especially when they owe their existence
to something other than what was merely preparatory for the emanation of their
being. And the being of the soul does in fact emanate from something different
from the body and bodily functions, as we have shown; its source of emanation
must be something different from the body.
If a human were created in a single instant such that his limbs were separated from
one another and he could not see them, and it happened that he could not
feel them and they did not touch one another and he could not hear a single sound,
he would not know that any of his organs exist, but he would know that he exists
as uniquely a single thing despite not knowing everything else.