Electricity Class-3 Notes

Electricity
Class 3
{ conductors }
Electrons random
are
always in a continuous
zig-zag
•
motion
𝓚𝓲𝓷𝓮𝓶𝓪𝓽𝓲𝓬𝓼•
Average velocity is zero .
This thermal velocity

zig-zag motion
velocity is known as
•
𝓜𝓸𝓽𝓲𝓸𝓷 of electrons .
{ 1- ↑
,
4- ↑ } Free e
𝓘𝓷 Thermal velocity very large

• → → →
↑
2𝓓 ↑ d
or
{ Around 16m15 } ↑
←
→
d → d
ρꪖᧁꫀ ꪀꪮ .
Qᵁᴬᴰᴿᴬᵀᴵᶜ
ℙ𝕒𝕘𝕖 ℕ𝕠 ᴱQᵁᴬᵀᴵᴼᴺˢ
P𝕷𝖎𝖌𝖍𝖙
͎ er͎ m i᭙ꪮ᥅ᛕ
͎ o͎ 𝙲𝚘𝚗𝚒𝚌
͎ t͎ ᴬᴺᴰ
͎ ͎ u-t͎ a
𝕽𝖊𝖋𝖑𝖊𝖈𝖙𝖎𝖔𝖓 ͎ ͎Cꪖꪀᦔ ͎ bC̲
͎n͎ ͎&ᴵᴺᴱQᵁᴬᵀᴵᴼᴺˢ
͎ o&͎m
𝕽𝖊𝖋𝖗𝖆𝖈𝖙𝖎𝖔𝖓͎ ̲rt͎ ̲c̲
͎in͎ ia
ꫀꪀꫀ᥅ᧁꪗ
𝚂𝚎𝚌𝚝𝚒𝚘𝚗𝚜 i͎ o͎ l͎n̲e͎ ̲
◦
If a potential difference is maintained across two ends of

a conductor ,
electrons flow from LP to HP .
𝓚𝓲𝓷𝓮𝓶𝓪𝓽𝓲𝓬𝓼
𝓜𝓸𝓽𝓲𝓸𝓷
𝓘𝓷
e
2𝓓 <
HP <
P
͎ t͎ ᴬᴺᴰ
͎ ͎ u-t͎ a
͎ o&͎m
͎in͎ ia
ꫀꪀꫀ᥅ᧁꪗ
Electrons will
gain
a new
velocity drift velocity
,
to move
from LP to HP .
Drift velocity → small { Around 10 -3m Is }
all
•
free elections will have same drift velocity .
𝓘𝓷
2𝓓
HP
§§ §§ LP
͎ t͎ ᴬᴺᴰ
͎ ͎ u-t͎ a
͎ o&͎m
͎in͎ ia
ꫀꪀꫀ᥅ᧁꪗ
A
A é A { ud }
; ☆
HP <
Q} How electrons will pass area
Lp many
{ A in 1 sound ?
"
𝓚𝓲𝓷𝓮𝓶𝓪𝓽𝓲𝓬𝓼 < >
ya
•
Electrons at a distance of ud on less
than Vd will pass the area A in 1sec .
𝓜𝓸𝓽𝓲𝓸𝓷 Charge =
n✗ Axvdxe .
n → no .
of free electrons per unit volume .
𝓘𝓷 {current -
-
I =
nAeVd } •
All e in volume Axvd will even this
2𝓓
area .
•
No .
of e- = n✗ A ✗ Vd
passing 1sec
.
in .
ρꪖᧁꫀ ꪀꪮ Qᵁᴬᴰᴿᴬᵀᴵᶜ
͎ t͎ ᴬᴺᴰ
͎ ͎ u-t͎ a
͎ o&͎m ꫀꪀꫀ᥅ᧁꪗ
𝚂𝚎𝚌𝚝𝚒𝚘𝚗𝚜
͎in͎ ia i͎ o͎ l͎n̲e͎ ̲
Ud -_
10 -3m Is
distance __ 1m
HP
☆f 'm
Lp
time =
? = 1-
10-3
=
103sec
s
Vt = 10h0m1s
𝓘𝓷 1- =
103sec
2𝓓
distance __
Vtxt
=
106×103 = 109m .
͎ t͎ ᴬᴺᴰ
͎ ͎ u-t͎ a
͎ o&͎m
͎in͎ ia
ꫀꪀꫀ᥅ᧁꪗ
A continuous and closed path of current is called
Electric Circuit .
Electric
𝓚𝓲𝓷𝓮𝓶𝓪𝓽𝓲𝓬𝓼 Circuit Should have :
lit Source of potential difference {

Battery }
Iiit Load
𝓘𝓷 iii) wives to
canny
electrons from battery to Load and
bring
2𝓓
them back from Load to
Battery .
͎ t͎ ᴬᴺᴰ
͎ ͎ u-t͎ a
͎ o&͎m
͎in͎ ia
ꫀꪀꫀ᥅ᧁꪗ
𝓘𝓷
2𝓓
ρꪖᧁꫀ ꪀꪮ .Qᵁᴬᴰᴿᴬᵀᴵᶜ
͎ t͎ ᴬᴺᴰ
͎ ͎ u-t͎ a
͎ o&͎m
͎in͎ ia
ꫀꪀꫀ᥅ᧁꪗ
•
It states that Electric current
flowing through a metallic
wine is
directly proportional to
potential difference
its temperature
down ends , provided that the
remains constant .
I ✗ U
𝓘𝓷 ✓ ✗ I Resistance of { e
2𝓓 metallic wine I <

y IR
>
= Hp Lp
<
/ '
changes with Because E- e-
,
temperature collision occurs
͎ t͎ ᴬᴺᴰ
͎ ͎ u-t͎ a
͎ o&͎m
͎in͎ ia
ꫀꪀꫀ᥅ᧁꪗ
turn)
It is the property of conductor to resist flow of charges

•
•
e- e-
_
collision
SI unit
𝓚𝓲𝓷𝓮𝓶𝓪𝓽𝓲𝓬𝓼• → 0hm ( r)
•
When
potential difference across 2 ends of conductor is IV
,
and 1A current flows through it then Resistance

𝓜𝓸𝓽𝓲𝓸𝓷 ,
we
say
𝓘𝓷
of conductor is Ir { I V11 A } .
2𝓓
U = IR R =
V1 I
͎ t͎ ᴬᴺᴰ
͎ ͎ u-t͎ a
͎ o&͎m
͎in͎ ia
ꫀꪀꫀ᥅ᧁꪗ
Straight Line
✗ y=Kn↳
dependent variable independent variable
a
𝓜𝓸𝓽𝓲𝓸𝓷 4k -
y
𝓘𝓷 O O { 0,0}
3¥ ¥ -
2𝓓
- - - -
-2k -
f
-
I 1 K { 1. K }
k ⑤ I 1
{ 2,2K }
- - -
2K
-
10.01 ¥ $ ;
.
,
ρꪖᧁꫀ ꪀꪮ Qᵁᴬᴰᴿᴬᵀᴵᶜ
͎ t͎ ᴬᴺᴰ
͎ ͎ u-t͎ a
͎ o&͎m ꫀꪀꫀ᥅ᧁꪗ
𝚂𝚎𝚌𝚝𝚒𝚘𝚗𝚜
͎in͎ ia i͎ o͎ l͎n̲e͎ ̲

Electricity Class-3 Notes

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Electricity Class-3 Notes

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Electricity

Average velocity is zero .

This thermal velocity

𝓘𝓷 Thermal velocity very large

If a potential difference is maintained across two ends of

Drift velocity → small { Around 10 -3m Is }

free elections will have same drift velocity .

than Vd will pass the area A in 1sec .

of free electrons per unit volume .

lit Source of potential difference {

2𝓓 metallic wine I <

It is the property of conductor to resist flow of charges

and 1A current flows through it then Resistance

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