ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I wish to express my deep gratitude and sincere thanks to

Mrs. Lakshmi Padmanaban,

The Principal, Emerald Valley Public School for her

encouragement and for all the facilities that she provided
for this project work. I sincerely appreciate this
magnanimity by taking me into her fold for which I shall
remain, indebted to her. I extend my heart thanks to

Mrs.Sridevi,

Chemistry teacher who guided me to the successful

completion of this project. I take this opportunity to express
my deep sense of gratitude for her invaluable guidance,
constant encouragement ,immense motivation, which has
sustained my efforts at all stages of this project.

I cannot forget to offer my sincere thanks to my classmates

who helped me to carry out this project work successfully
and for their valuable advice and support, which I received
from them from time to time.
 CONTENT

❖INTRODUCTION

❖AIM

❖APPARATUS

❖CHEMICALS REQUIRED

❖THEORY

❖PROCEDURE

❖OBSERVATION

❖INFERENCE

❖RESULT

❖USES OF SOFT DRINKS

❖BIBLIOGRAPHY
 INTRODUCTION

The era of cold drinks began in 1952 but the

industrialization in India marked its beginning with the
launching of Limca and Goldspot by Parley Groups of
Companies. Since the beginning of cold drinks was highly
profitable and luring, many Multinational companies
launched their brands in India like Pepsi and Coke.

Nowadays, it is observed in general that the majority of

people viewed Sprite, Miranda, and Limca to give a feeling
of lightness, while Pepsi and Thumbs Up activate the pulse
and brain.

A soft drink is a drink that usually contains carbonated

water(although some lemonades are not carbonated), a
sweetener, and a natural or artificial flavouring. The
sweetener may be a sugar, high- fructose corn syrup, fruit
juice, a sugar substitute in the case of diet drinks), or some
combination of these.

Soft drinks may also contain caffeine, colorings,

preservatives, and/or other ingredients.Soft drinks are
called "soft" in contrast with “hard” alcoholic drinks. Small
amounts of alcohol may be present in a soft drink, but the
alcohol content must be less than 0.5% of the total volume
of the drink in many countries and localities if the drink is
to be considered non-alcoholic .
Fruit punch, tea, and other such nonalcoholic drinks are
technically soft drinks by this definition, but are not
generally referred to as such. Unsweetened sparkling water
may be consumed as an alternative to soft drinks.They may
be several chilled, over ice cubes, or at room temperature,
especially soda. They are available in many container
formats, including cans, glass bottles and plastic bottles.
Containers come in a variety of sizes, ranging from small
bottles to large multi-liter containers.

Soft drinks are widely used at fast food restaurants, movie

theatres, convenience stores, casual dining restaurants,
etc. Soft drinks are usually served in paper or plastic
disposable cups in the first three venues. In casual dining
restaurants and bars, soft drinks are often served in
glasses made from glass or plastic. Soft drinks may be
drunk with straws or sipped directly from the cups.They are
mixed with other ingredients in several contexts.

In bars and other places where alcohol is served(e.g.

aeroplanes, restaurants and nightclubs), many mixed drinks
are made by blending a soft drink with a hard liquor and
serving the drink over ice. One well known example is the
rum and coke, which may also contain lime juice. Some
homemade fruit punch recipes, which may or may not
contain alcohol, contain a mixture of various fruit juices
and a soft drink. At ice cream parlours and 1950-themed
diners, ice cream floats and specially root beer floats are
often sold. Examples of brands include Coca Cola, Pepsi,
Sprite, Sierra Mist, Fanta, Sunkist, Mountain Dew and 7 Up.
 AIM

Comparative study and qualitative analysis of different

brands of cold drinks available in the market.
 APPARATUS

❖TEST TUBE

❖TEST TUBE HOLDER

❖TEST TUBE STAND

❖STOP WATCH

❖BEAKER

❖BURNER

❖pH PAPER

❖TRIPOD STAND

❖CHINA DISH

❖WIRE GAUGE

❖WATER BATH
 CHEMICALS REQUIRED

❖POTASSIUM IODIDE

❖SODIUM HYDROXIDE

❖FEHLING’S A & B SOLUTION

❖LIME WATER

❖CONCENTRATED HNO3

❖BENEDICT SOLUTION

❖IODINE SOLUTION
 THEORY

Cold drinks of different brands are composed of alcohol,

carbohydrates, carbon dioxide, phosphate ions etc. These
soft drinks give a feeling of warmth, lightness and have a
tangy taste which is liked by everyone. Carbon dioxide is
responsible for the formation of froth on shaking the bottle.

The carbon dioxide gas is dissolved in water to form

carbonic acid which is also responsible for the tangy taste.
Carbohydrates are the naturally occurring organic
compounds and are major sources of energy to our body.
General formula of carbohydrates is CX(H2O)Y.

On the basis of their molecule size carbohydrates are

classified as:

● MONOSACCHARIDES
● DISACCHARIDES
● POLYSACCHARIDES

Glucose is a monosaccharide with formula C6H12O6.It occurs

in the Free State in the ripe grapes, in bones and also in
many sweet fruits. It is also present in human blood to the
extent of about 0.1%.
Sucrose is one of the most useful disaccharides in our daily
life. It is widely distributed in nature in juices, seeds and
also in flowers of many places. The main source of sucrose
is sugar cane juice which contains 15-20% sucrose and
sugar beet which has about 10-17% sucrose. The molecular
formula of sucrose is C12H22O11. It is produced by a mixture of
glucose and fructose. It is non-reducing in nature whereas
glucose is reducing.

Cold drinks are a bit acidic in nature and their acidity can
be measured by finding their pH value. The pH values also
depend upon the acidic contents such as citric acid and
phosphoric acid.
 PROCEDURE

TEST FOR PH:

1-2 drops of the sample of cold drink of each brand was

taken and put on the pH paper. The change in the colour of
pH paper is noticed and is compared with the standard pH
scale.

TEST FOR CARBON DIOXIDE:

As soon as the bottles are opened, one by one the sample is

passed through lime water. The lime water turns milky.

TEST FOR ALCOHOL:

Samples of each brand of cold drinks are taken in a sample

test tube and iodine followed by potassium iodide and
sodium hydroxide (NAOH) solution is added to each test
tube. Then the test tubes are heated in a hot water bath for
30 minutes. Yellow colored precipitate confirms the
presence of alcohol in cold drinks.
TEST FOR SUCROSE:

5 ml samples of each brand of cold drinks are taken in a

china dish and heated very strongly until changes occur.
Black colored residue left confirms the presence of sucrose
in cold drinks.

TEST FOR GLUCOSE:

Both Fehling's test and Benedict's test can detect the

presence of glucose.

BENEDICT’S TEST: A small sample of cold drink of different

brands is taken in a test tube and a few drops of Benedict's
reagent is added. The test tube is heated for a few seconds.
Formation of reddish colour confirms the presence of
glucose in cold drinks.

FEHLING’S TEST: A small sample of cold drinks of different

brands is taken in a test tube and a few drops of Fehling's A
solution and Fehling's B solution are added in equal
amounts. The test tube is heated in a water bath for 10
minutes. Appearance of brown precipitate confirms the
presence of glucose in cold drinks.
TEST FOR pH:

SERIAL NO. NAME OF COLOUR CHANGE pH VALUE

THE DRINK

1 COCA COLA PINK ALCOHOL

PRESENT

2 SPRITE ORANGE ALCOHOL

PRESENT

3 LIMCA PINKISH ALCOHOL

PRESENT

4 FANTA LIGHT ORANGE ALCOHOL

PRESENT

TEST FOR CARBON DIOXIDE:

SERIAL NO. NAME OF TIME TAKEN (SEC) CONCLUSION

THE DRINK

1 COCA COLA 26.5 CO2

PRESENT

2 SPRITE 21 CO2
PRESENT

3 LIMCA 35 CO2
PRESENT

4 FANTA 36 CO2
PRESENT
TEST FOR ALCOHOL:

SERIAL NO. NAME OF OBSERVATION CONCLUSION

THE DRINK

1 COCA COLA YELLOW PPT ALCOHOL

PRESENT

2 SPRITE YELLOW PPT ALCOHOL

PRESENT

3 LIMCA YELLOW PPT ALCOHOL

PRESENT

4 FANTA YELLOW PPT ALCOHOL

PRESENT

TEST FOR SUCROSE:

SERIAL NO. NAME OF OBSERVATION CONCLUSION

THE DRINK

1 COCA COLA BLACK RESIDUE SUCROSE IS

PRESENT

2 SPRITE BLACK RESIDUE SUCROSE IS

PRESENT

3 LIMCA BLACK RESIDUE SUCROSE IS

PRESENT

4 FANTA BLACK RESIDUE SUCROSE IS

PRESENT
TEST FOR GLUCOSE:

BENEDICT’S TEST:
SERIAL NO. NAME OF OBSERVATION CONCLUSION
THE DRINK

1 COCA COLA REDDISH COLOUR GLUCOSE

PRESENT

2 SPRITE REDDISH COLOUR GLUCOSE

PRESENT

3 LIMCA REDDISH COLOUR GLUCOSE

PRESENT

4 FANTA REDDISH COLOUR GLUCOSE

PRESENT

FEHLING’S TEST:

SERIAL NO. NAME OF OBSERVATION CONCLUSION

THE DRINK

1 COCA COLA REDDISH BROWN GLUCOSE

PPT. PRESENT

2 SPRITE REDDISH BROWN GLUCOSE

PPT. PRESENT

3 LIMCA REDDISH BROWN GLUCOSE

PPT. PRESENT

4 FANTA REDDISH BROWN GLUCOSE

PPT. PRESENT
 INFERENCE

TEST FOR PH:

Soft drinks are generally acidic because of the presence of

citric acid and phosphoric acid. pH values of cold drinks of
different brands are different due to the variation in acidic
contents.

TEST FOR CARBON DIOXIDE:

All the soft drinks contain dissolved carbon dioxide in

water. The carbon dioxide(CO2) dissolves in water to form
carbonic acid, which is responsible for its tangy taste.

TEST FOR ALCOHOL:

All the brands of cold drinks contain alcohol.

TEST FOR SUCROSE:

All the brands of cold drinks contain sucrose. But the

amount of sucrose varies in each brand. Fanta contained
the highest amount of sucrose.
TEST FOR GLUCOSE:

BENEDICT’S TEST: All the samples gave positive tests for

glucose with Benedict's reagent. Hence all the drinks
contain glucose.

FEHLING’S TEST: All the samples give positive tests for

glucose with Fehling's solution(A&B). Hence all the cold
drinks contain glucose.
 RESULT

After conducting several tests, it was concluded that the

different brands of cold drinks namely :

1. COCA COLA
2. SPRITE
3. LIMCA
4. FANTA

All contain glucose, alcohol, sucrose and carbon dioxide.

All are acidic in nature. On comparing the pH value of
different brands, Coca Cola is most acidic and Limca is
least acidic of all the four brands taken.

The pH value of Coca Cola is nearly equal to disinfectant

which is harmful for the body.

Among the four samples, Sprite has maximum amount of

dissolved CO2, and Fanta has minimum amount of dissolved
CO2
 USES OF SOFT DRINKS

● Cold drinks can be used as toilet cleaners.

● They can remove rust spots from chrome car bumpers
● They clean corrosion from car battery terminals.
● Soft drinks are used as an excellent 'detergent' to
remove grease from clothes
● They can lose a rusted bolt
● The caffeine in some soft drinks can be good for you in
small dose
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

I have collected the necessary information completing this

project from these sites.

● https://www.coca-colacompany.com
● https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepsi#:~:text=Pepsi%20is%2
0a%20carbonated%20soft,Type
● https://www.fanta.com
● https://www.myfitnesspal.com/food/calories/limca-36280
0983
● https://www.sprite.com/
● https://www.britannica.com/topic/soft-drink