8 June 1988

The following Interrogation HRE training was provided by SAS/SOG/GB

officers to countries in Latin America:
16-27 March 1987 two GB officers provided
trauun _to a multi-country team

possibly

March 1987 two GB officers (HRE)

16 Apr-4 May 84 two GB officers (HRE)

3-11 Nov 83 one GB officer (as part of

the HRF program)

10-26 Oct 84 three GB officers (HRE) .

25 Jul - 12 Aug 83 three GB officers (HRE)

Nov 82 two GB officers completed a

site survey for HRE as part
of the HRF program

DECL OADR
DRV HUM4-82
CL BY
ALL SECRET
 6

'w uuxy

INTERROGATION TEXT REVISIONS

Page Revision/Change
A- 2 Under D, last line, add the following:
We will discuss coercive techniques v .

that have been used by many, and the

reasons why we are against the use of
these techniques".
A- Bottom of page: L. Change Bonafides
to read "Verification";

B-3 Top of page: Ensure that the Instructor

defines Liaison;
1-8 Bottom of page: Delete 7) Physical Violence
K-l Include in the introduction to Coercive
Techniques:

We will discuss some of those coercive

techniques that have been used by many and
the reasons why we are against the use of
these techniques.

We do not use these techniques, nor do

we condone the use of them.

Add the attached disclaimer, "Prohibition Against the

_
of- Force
Use
to the introduction.
, Reiterate when discussing
Non-Coercive and Coercive techniques. Ensure that the
understand our position. students
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

SUBJECT SECTION/PAGE

Introduction A-l

Liaison Relationships 8-1

Advantages of Working with Liaison 8-3

Disadvantages of Working with Liaison 8-4

Interpreters C-l

Selection C-3
Sources C-5
Training. C-7
Use of Interpreters C-8

•Selection, of Personnel as Interrogators 0-1

Personality Characteristics D-l

Special Skills & Abilities 0-4

Design and Management of a Facility E-l

Security Considerations E-2

Cell Block Planning E-3
The Interrogation Room E-4
Training of Facility Personnel E-9
Training of Internal Guards E-10

Arrest and Handling of Subjects F-l

Screening of Subjects G-l

Priori ties G-2

Intelligence Categories G-3
Personality Categories G-5

Planning the Interrogation- H-l

Conducting the Interrogation 1-1

Non-Coercive Techniques J-l

Coercive Techniques K-l

- Checklist for the Interrogation L-l No slides

Reporting H-I No slides

NOTE:
Letter and digit(s) in left margin are slide numbers
 PROHIBITION AGAINST USE OF FORCE

The use of force, mental torture, threats, insults, or

exposure to unpleasant and inhumane treatment of any kind as

an aid to interrogation is prohibited by law, both international

and domestic; it is neither authorized nor condoned. The

interrogator must never take advantage of the source's weaknesses

to the extent that the interrogation involves threats, insults,

torture or exposure to unpleasant or inhumane treatment of any

kind. Experience indicates that the use of force is not necessary

to gain cooperation of sources. Use of force is a poor technique,

yields unreliable results, may damage subsequent collection

efforts, and can induce the source to say what he thinks the

interrogator wants to hear. Additionally, the use of force will

probably result in adverse publicity and/or legal action against

the interrogator (et. al) when the source is released. However,

the use of force is not to be confused with psychological ploys,

verbal trickery, or other nonviolent and non-coercive ruses

.employed by the interrogator in the successful interrogation of

reticent or uncooperative sources.

 , ,

INTRODUCTION

'
OPENING REMARKS
r-^ST5^.« OYSTER OUS
;T IS N0 MORE
subjects.
ABOUT

NEEDED
THAN

these
OBTAINING

hay be prisoners oe
I

—
ION FROM

war. defectors.
suspected
illegal immigrants, agents or
r Efu gees.
in v^r
AGENTS ATTEMPTING to operate
in t E lligence

COUNTRY
UA<S nprotlE
becom CONTROVERSIAL
„ has
B the ART OF -questioning-
THIS is BECAUSE IN
of THE WORLD.
IN NANY PARTS
-QUESTIONING" HAS BEEN IDENTIFIED
COUNTRIES, THE TERM
,NPOR«ATION.
TORTURE TO OBTAIN
wtTH THE USE OP
STATES THAT.
HAVE READ ON "QUESTIONING"*
£VE RY MANUAL I

IS
itrrT UNDER TORTURE
OBTAINED FROM A SU
INFORMATION
subject uri A Y WHATEVER. HE
lull c-a i

that the
hot reliable,
HEAR JUST TO. AVI
thinks you want to
PUNISHMENT
USED
nrnc
'

THE FRENCH ARMY

_ OF ALGIERS,
aaTTLE ur
UC BATTLt
'

OURING TTHE
.

group within
'

neutralise a terrorist
torture TO
with the
months, unfortunately, along
matter oe
and
that were arrested
hundreds oe terrorists
civilians.
hundreds op innocent
-tortured, so WERE
NOT CONDONE THIS.
SOCIETY SIMPLY WILL
C. THE ROUTINE USE OF TORTURE LOWERS THE MORAL

CALIBER OF THE ORGANIZATION THAT USES IT AND CORRUPTS

THOSE THAT RELY ON IT AS THE QUICK AND EASY WAY OUT. ..

WE STRONGLY DISAGREE WITH THIS APPROACH AND INSTEAD

EMPHASIZE THE USE -OF PSYCHOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES DESIGNED

TO PERSUADE THE SUBJECT TO WANT TO FURNISH US WITH THE •

INFORMATION WE DESIRE.

D. SUCCESSFUL “QUESTIONING" IS BASED UPON A

KNOWLEDGE OF THE SUBJECT MATTER AND UPON THE USE OF'

PSYCHOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES WHICH ARE NOT DIFFICULT TO

UNDERSTAND. WE WILL BE DISCUSSING TWO TYPES OF

TECHNIQUES, COERCIVE AND NON-COERCI VE. WHILE WE SS

P £PLOrf?£.
THE USE OF COERCIVE TECHNIQUES, WE DO WANT.
so NAY /hVo<i>
TO MAKE YOU AWARE OF THEM ANS-THEWT^QP5fTH^A*P~T&cHiSE

THEM.

E. PSYCHOLOGISTS HAVE CONDUCTED, CONSIDERABLE

RESEARCH IN MANY AREAS THAT ARE CLOSELY RELATED .TO

COERCIVE “QUESTIONING". DURING THIS COURSE WE yiLL

DISCUSS THE FOLLOWING TOPICS AS THEY RELATE TO

"QUESTIONING":

1 REACTIONS. TO PAIN AND FEAR.

2. THE EFFECTS OF DEBILITY AND ISOLATION.

3 * HYPNOSIS AND NARCOSIS

 3

V V

keep in mind '"turn around" here!

F. WHAT WE ARE EMPHASIZING THROUGHOUT THIS COURSE IS

THAT "QUESTIONING* IS A COMPLICATED PROCESS INVOLVING

THE INTERACTION OF TWO PERSONALITIES - THAT OF THE ‘

QUESTIONER AND THAT OF THE SUBJECT- IT MUST BE WELL •

PLANNED - FROM THE TIME THE SUBJECT IS ARRESTED

THROUGH THE QUESTIONING PROCESS TO THE FINAL
DISPOSITION OF THE SUBJECT.

II. ADMINISTRATIVE DETAILS . •

A. SCHEDULE AND. HOURS

1. TWO 'WEEKS OF LECTURES. IN THE CLASSROOM

2. ONE OR TWO WEEKS OF PRACTICAL WQRK WITH

PRISONERS, AT WHICH TIME THE CLASS WILL BE

DIVIDED INTO 3 OR 4 MAN TEAMS.

B. SCOPE OF INSTRUCTION

1. THE INTELLIGENCE CYCLE

2. LIAISON RELATIONSHIPS

3. USE OF INTERPRETERS

4. SELECTION OF “QUESTIONERS*

5. DESIGN MANAGEMENT OF A FACILITY

6- ARREST Ic HANDLING OF SUBJECTS

7; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESMENT OF SUBJECTS

8. PRINCIPLES FOR PLANNING & CONDUCTING THE

"QUESTIONING*

Y. NON-COERCIVE “QUESTIONING* TECHNIQUES

l \ l
10 . COERCIVE “QUESTIONING* TECHNIQUES AN &
~fN£y SUov.Lt> Ho~r (g£ US&b .

1 1 . REPORT WRITING
t

A—
 4

c. STUDENT QUESTIONS OR^OitNENTS

- _
PERSONAL
"reEL~FEES TO Si<E COMMENTS, RELATE
- ANY TIME OURING
•
EXPERIENCES, OR ASK QUESTIONS AT

THE COURSE. OCCASIONALLY ME MAY ONLY GIUE YOU A

WILL BE MORE
BRIEF ANSWER BECAUSE SOME TOPICS

FULLY COVERED OURING A LATER CLASS.

D. USE OF VIDEO CAMERA

OF YOUR
~W£ WILL BE VIDEO RECORDING PORTIONS
ONLY ALLOWS
PRACTICAL EXCERCISES. THE VIDEO NOT
TECHNIQUES BUT
YOU TO REVIEW YOUR QUESTIONING
SUBJECTS
ALSO TO STUDY THE REACTIONS OF THE

DURING THE QUESTIONING.

III. DEFINITIONS
TERMS WHICH WE
TcTlNSURE THAT WE ALL UNDERSTAND THE
HERE ARE A FEW
WILL BE USING THROUGHOUT THE COURSE
DEFINITIONS:

A. INFORMATION - RAW DATA WHICH IS OBTAINED FROM A

VARIETY OF SOURCES: RUMORS, INFORMANTS. PRISONERS,

ETC. IT MAY BE ACCURATE OR INACCURATE.

e. INTELLIGENCE - THE RESULT OF AN ANALYSIS OF ALL

SUBJECT.
THE INFORMATION OBTAINED CONCERNING A GIVEN

A—
 45 6 7

BY DIRECT
OBTAIN! wo INFORMATION
'

- - OBTAINING
c, "QUESTIONING
FULLY OR
a psbson unub CONDITIONS
orrt^OM UNDER
questioning of
SV THE
-QUSSTIOMER-- OB BELtEVED
PARTIALLY CONTROLLED
CONTROL.
BE UNDER the -QUESTIONER'S-
BY THAT PERSON TO
ARE
‘

,s USUALLY
„SUALLY RESERVED FOR SUBJECTS WHO
IS
“QUESTIONING”
OR BOTH.
SUSPECT, RESISTANT

PERSON TRAINED AND EXPERIENCED

- «
0
"QUESTIONER-
A- SUBJECT IN
EXTRACTING INFORMATION FROM A
IN TH E ART
OP
REQUIREMENTS. the SUBJECT MAY BE
RESPONSE TO EXPLICIT
OR RESISTANT.
EITHER COOPERATIVE

- A BUILDING OB
SERIES OF
" QUEST I ON I NG"
FACILITY
A- £.
AND
ENHANCE detention
BUILOINGS DESIGNED TO
TOWARD OBTAINING
OP SUBJECTS WITH A VIEW
..OUESTIONING-
INCLUDE ENVIRONMENTAL.
HAXIMUM COOPERATION. THIS WILL
PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTROLS.
PHYSICAL and

INFORMATION. NOT USUALLY

- OBTAINING
F lNTE RVIEU
A-
.
A PERSON
nT-rmNS BY QUESTIONING
CONDITIONS.
UNDER CONTROLLED
HIS_
AND SIGNIFICANCE
WHO AWARE OP THE NATURE
[S
OF THE
aware of THF SPECIFIC PURPOSE
answers but not
INTERVIEWER-
BY QUESTIONING
OBTAINING INFORMATION
qebRIEF NG -
«
'

A-
a
SUBJECT . «
SOMETIMES WITTING.
CONTROLLED. LnO 10-
TO PROVIDE
THE DESIRED INFORMA.
NORMALLY WILLING

A-5,
 98

A- H* ELICITATION - OBTAINING INFORMATION WITHOUT

REVEALING THE INTENT OR EXCEPTIONAL INTEREST
OF THE
QUESTIONER, THROUGH A VERBAL. OR WRITTEN EXCHANGE WITH
A SUBJECT WHO MAY OR MAY NOT
BE WILLING TO PROVIDE IT
IF HE KNEW THE TRUE PURPOSE. '
•
'

'

A- l ' CONTROL - THE CAPACITY TO CAUSE

OR CHANGE CERTAIN-
TYPES OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR BY
IMPLYING OR USING PHYSICAL
OR PSYCHOLOGICAL MEANS TO
INDUCE COMPLIANCE.
COMPLIANCE MAY BE VOLUNTARY OR
INVOLUNTARY.

CONTROL CAN RARELY BE ESTABLISHED

WITHOUT CONTROL OF
THE ENVIRONMENT. BY CONTROLLING
THE SUBJECT'S
PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT, WE WILL
BE ABLE TO CONTROL HIS
PSYCHOLOGICAL STATE OF MIND.

A-10 REQUIREMENTS - THE WRITTEN

DETAILED DEHAND FROM
VARIOUS -CUSTOMER AGENCIES FOR
SPECIFIC INFORMATION OR
FOR SPOTTING OF POTENTIAL
ASSETS.

A- 11 K. SUBJECT - A PERSON BELIEVED TO POSSESS

INFORMATION OF VALUE TO THE
SERVICE QUESTIONING HIM.

A- 12
BONAFIDES - EVIDENCE OR RELIABLE
INFORMATION
REGARDING A SUBJECT-S DENT ITY, PERSONAL
I
HISTORY, AND
INTENTIONS OF GOOD FAITH.

A- 13
sc:reen ing - THE preliminary
interviewing of a
SUBJECT TO obtain BIOGRAPHIC
AND OTHER BACKGROUND
INFORMATION.

A—(S
 8. COLLECTION
A-L7
into the cycle.
thisTs'where -questioning- fits
SOURCES SUCH AS:
A-L8 COLLECTION ALSO INCLUDES OTHER
PICTURES,
RESEARCH, BOOKS AND MAGAZINES,

NEWSPAPERS, ETC. COLLECTION ONLY PRODUCES

INFORMATION, NOT INTELLIGENCE.

C. PROCESSING
A- 19,
IN ORDER TO BE PROCESSED, THE INFORMATION MUST BE

ACCURATELY RECORDED. THEN IT MUST BE EVALUATED

A- 20
REQUIREMENTS AND THE
AS TO ITS RELEVANCE TO THE

RELIABILITY OF THE SOURCE. LASTLY IT MUST BE

WITH
ANALYZED TO DETERMINE ITS SIGNIFICANCE
THE SAME TOPIC.
RESPECT TO OTHER INFORMATION ABOUT

D. DISSEMINATION
A-21 -
NOW INTELLIGENCE AND
& THE PR0CESSED INFORMATION IS
MANER TO SOMEONE
A-22 MUST BE DISSEMINATED IN A TIMELY

WHO CAN ACT UPON IT. THE INTELLIGENCE REPORT .

THEN GENERATE
WHICH IS DISSEMINATED WILL
INFORMATION AND THE
REQUIREMENTS FOR ADDITIONAL

CYCLE BEGINS ALL OVER AGAIN.

A-B
 7

N. ASSESSMENT - THE ANALYSIS OF THE PSYCHQLOG I CAL

A-14
AND 8 1 QGRAFH I CAL DATA ABOUT A SUBJECT FOR THE PURPOSE

--OF MAKING AN APPRAISAL. THE SPECIFIC TECHNIQUES WHICH

WILL BE USED DURING THE "QUESTIONING" WILL DEPEND UPON

THE ASSESSMENT.

A- 15 IV. THE CYCLE OF INTELLIGENCE

THE INTELLIGENCE CYCLE CONSISTS OF FOUR PHASES AND CAN

BE REPRESENTED AS A CIRCLE BECAUSE IT HAS

NO BEGINNING

OR END.

A- 16 A. REQUIREMENTS

THE DEMAND FOR CERTAIN TYPES OF INFORMATION

ESTABLISHES PURPOSE AND DIRECTION FOR CONDUCTING

THE "QUESTIONING". THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF

REQUIREMENTS:

1. STANDING REQUIREMENTS - e.g. INFORMATION

A-16
CONCERNING THREATS AGAI.NST GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS,

SUBVERSIVE GROUPS, TERRORIST ACTIONS, ARMED

ATTACK.

A— 16 2. SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS - e.g. INFORMATION

CONCERNING A TOPIC ABOUT WHICH A SUBJECT HAS

SPECIALIZED KNOWLEDGE, SUCH AS SCIENTIFIC OR

TECHNICAL KNOWLEDGE.

A—
 A,

LIAISON relationships
8-0

legal considerations
_ _
AND “ QUEST I ON I NG" A SUBJECT,-
LggftL^ T Y OF DET A I N I NG
is determined by THE LAWS
and of the hethods employed,
IS DONE- IT IS THEREFORE
OF THE COUNTRY IN WHICH IT
AND THEIR SUPERVISORS
IMPORTANT THAT ALL "QUESTIONERS"

BE FULLY AND ACCURATELY

INFORMED ABOUT THE APPLICABLE

LOCAL LAWS.

A LIAISON SERVICE
DO NOT ASSUME THAT ALL MEMBERS OF
PERTINENT STATUTES, IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT
KNOW THE-
APPLICABLE LAWS BE
COPIES OR LEGAL EXTRACTS OF ALL
ALL "QUESTIONERS"
KEPT IN A SEPARATE FILE AND THAT

REREAD. THE FILE PERIODICALLY.

BE
IT IS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE "QUESTIONER" TO
IS LEGAL. WHETHER IT IS
SURE THAT THE "QUESTIONING"
A JOINT ILLEGAL
CONDUCTED UNILATERALLY OR JOINTLY.
SERVICES AND
"QUESTIONING" MAY LATER EMBARRASS BOTH
RELATIONS BETWEEN
LEAD TO RECRIMINATIONS AND STRAINED

THEM.
 24

DETENTION POSES THE HOST COMMON OF THE LEGAL PROBLEMS.

DETENTION IN A CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENT AND PERHAPS FOR

A LENGTHY PERIOD IS FREQUENTLY ESSENTIAL TO A

SUCCESSFUL •‘QUESTIONING" OF A RESISTANT SUBJECT. SOMES

SECURITY SERVICES MAY WORK -AT THEIR LEISURE, RELYING

‘

UPON TIME AS WELL AS METHODS TO MELT RESISTANCE. .THE

CHOICE OF METHODS. DEPENDS IN LARGE PART UPON HOW LONG :

THE SUBJECT CAN BE LEGALLY DETAINED. .

FACTORS RELATING TO THE LEGALITY OF THE “QUESTIONING* i.

B-l A- DOES SERVICE HAVE .LAW ENFORCEMENT POWERS?

'B— B. DOES SERVICE ‘HAVE AUTHORITY TO OPERATE IN HOME

COUNTRY? .
'
-

B~3 C. DOES "QUESTIONING" OF CITIZENS REQUIRE SPECIAL

APPROVAL?
B— D. ILLEGAL DETENTION ALWAYS REQUIRES PRIOR HQS

APPROVAL.

B-S E. COERCIVE TECHNIQUES AfLWA¥S-REQUTRE—PRT-0R=RQS

COHSTiTL'-TZ- 'AN m < S-Tl
Yioi_Anr^__ f’auc.y. .

B-2
 . I

B-6 II. ADVANTAGES OF WORKING WITH LIAISON i

> __ _ ___
• J

- B-6 A. HAS THE LEGAL ATHORITY TO DETAIN AND ''QUESTION” . !

B-7 B. CAN PROVIDE NECESSARY DETENTION FACILITIES.

B-8 ‘
C. HAS THE ABILITY TO FOLLOW UP ON OPERATIONAL LEADS.'

B— 9 D. CAN PROVIDE SUPPORT PERSONNEL SUCH AS: GUARDS,

DRIVERS, INTERPRETERS. MEDICAL AND HOUSEKEEPING

PERSONNEL.

B-10 E. CAN PROVIDE EASY ACCESS TO LIAISON FILES.

- TO VERIFY INFORMATION OBTAINED FROM THE SUBJECT.

- TO PROVIDE ADDITIONAL INFORMATION' YOU MAY NOT

HAVE -Ce.g. GIVE US A NAME AND D.O.B. AND WE CAN
PROVIDE YOU WITH A COMPUTERIZED PERSONAL HISTORY

OF THE SUBJECT)

IT IS ALSO IMPORTANT TO MAINTAIN L I A SON WITH OTHER

GOVERNMENT AGENCIES WITHIN YOUR OWN COUNTRY. FOR
EXAMPLE, IN THE 'U.S. EACH STATE AND FEDERAL LAW
ENFORCEMENT AGENCY HAS ITS OWN COMPUTERIZED DATA BASE.

EACH AGENCY SHARES ITS INFORMATION WITH ALL THE OTHERS

BY CONNECTING TO A CENTRALIZED COMPUTER. FROM ONE

TERMINAL IN OUR OFFICE WE CAN ACCESS N.C. I.C.,

T.C.r.C., T.E.C.S., N.L.E.T.S., ETC.

e-3
B— 11 III. DISADVANTAGES OF WORKING WITH LIAISON

B— 11 • A. LACK OF UNDERSTANDING OF THE VALUE OF

"QUESTIONING" IN THE INTELLIGENCE CYCLE.

B-12 8. LACK OF TRAINING AND EXPERIENCE IN "QUESTIONING^"!

'

TECHNIQUES.
iSILiT/ of
B— 13 c. TORTURE AND COERCIVE TECHNIQUES: ) (pfifPQ
ivF' IT is
B-14
LZLAf ,
D. CORRUPTION WITHIN THE LIAISON SERVICE. l-JdA'T.
’

Lj A iEO <V
B— IS E. HOSTILE PENETRATION OF THE LIAISON SERVICE. U.S 2L?'. y

B-1S F. TENDENCY TO WITHHOLD INFORMATION OR SOURCES.

B— 17 S'. LIMITATIONS IMPOSED ON COOPERATION FOR POLITICAL

EflS
n fe'6rnoA, D*.«
IN LI/MSO/V (fVUL.S-TloViA/e- SXC2-PT Ui TH Fr^lcF
—
ONE
I I L . nnf iv
CAUTION ABOUT
If
WORKING WITH
i

ANOTHER SERVICE: BE
*
HIGH
fv C I

LZy E-L
SURE THAT THE OTHER SERVICE WILL MAINTAIN YOUR f.qs.

SECURITY AND THAT OF THE SUBJECT.

f rf'f: (H/L
 INTERPRETERS

INTRODUCTION

THERE WILL BE- MANY OCCASIONS WHEN BORDER CRQSSERS,

REFUGEES. PRISONERS OF WAR, SUSPECTED AGENTS,
OR OTHER
POTENTIAL SUBJECTS FOR M QUESTIONING” WILL NOT
SPEAK
YOUR NATIVE LANGUAGE. THEREFORE. THE USE OF AN
INTERPRETER MAY BE ESSENTIAL TO SUCCESSFULLY
COMPLETE
AN EXPLOITATION.

WHEN USED PROPERLY, AN INTERPRETER CAN BE YOUR

KEY
ASSISTANT IN PERFORMING YOUR DUTIES AND A CONTROL
TO
HELP YOU AVOID VIOLATING CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS.

HOWEVER, PLEASE KEEP IN MIND THAT THE USE*'OF AN

INTERPRETER MUST NEVER BE CONSIDERED A SATISFACTORY

SUBSTITUTE FOR DIRECT COMMUNICATION BETWEEN YOU

AND
THE SUBJECT.

DIFFICULTIES Z< LIMITATIONS

A; THE AMOUNT OF TIME REQUIRED TO CONDUCT THE
“QUESTIONING” WILL MORE THAN DOUBLE.

B. YOU WILL EXPERIENCE CONSIDERABLE DIFFICULTY

IN
TRYING TO ESTABLISH RAPPORT WITH THE SUBJECT
BECAUSE
OF THE LACK OF PERSONAL CONTACT, THAT IS,
NOT BEING
ABLE TO SPEAK DIRECTLY TO THE INDIVIDUAL.
C- IT IS EXTREMELY DIFFICULT TO USE CERTAIN

“QUESTIONING" TECHNIQUES, SUCH AS RAPID FIRE

QUESTIONING, WHEN USING AN INTERPRETER-

'v

D- CERTAIN MEANINGS, TONAL INFLECTIONS, AND

EXPRESSIONS ARE ALMOST IMPOSSIBLE TO CONVEY TO THE

SUBJECT THROUGH AN INTERPRETER. THIS INCREASES THE

POSSIBILITY OF MISUNDERSTANDINGS.

E. THE PRESENCE OF AN INTERPRETER MAY CAUSE AN

OTHERWISE COOPERATIVE SUBJECT TO WITHHOLD .INFORMATION

DURING THE "QUESTIONING". SOME SUBJECTS ARE WILLING

TO GIVE INFORMATION ONLY IF THEY CAN BE SURE THAT

THEIR OWN FORCES WILL NOT FIND 'OUT THAT- THEY TALKED,

THAT THERE WILL BE NO RETRIBUTION. THE PRESENCE OF

ANY THIRD PARTY AT THE "QUESTIONING", EVEN AN

INTERPRETER, MAY CAUSE THE SUBJECT TO DOUBT THIS

ASSURANCE.

F. THERE IS A SECURITY RISK POSED BECAUSE THE

INTERPRETER IS JUST ONE MORE INDIVIDUAL TO BECOME

AWARE OF INTELLIGENCE REQUIREMENTS, AND HE WILL OBTAIN

CONSIDERABLE INFORMATION OF A CLASSIFIED NATURE DURING

THE COURSE OF THE "QUESTIONING".

Ill- SELECTION OF INTERPRETERS
FROM a SECURITY STANDPOINT,
INTERPRETERS SHOULD BE
SELECTED FROM YOUR OWN SERVICES, OR AT
LEAST Yqur
NATIONALITY, ip AT ALL POSSIBLE- IN SOME INSTANCES
HOWEVER, it WILL BE NECESSARY TO HIRE OR
USE
FOREIGNERS FOR THIS PURPOSE- LET'S DISCUSS SOME OF
THE FACTORS WHICH MUST BE
CONSIDERED WHEN SELECTING AN
I NTERPRETER-

A- SECURITY CLEARANCE
IT IS IMPORTANT THAT AN
INTERPRETER HAVE A
SECURITY CLEARANCE BECAUSE OF THE
OPPOSITION'S
CONTINUED EFFORTS TO PENETRATE' YOUR
ORGANIZATION
AND LEARN YOUR INTELLIGENCE
REQUIREMENTS.

8. LANGUAGE CAPABILITY
HE SHOULD BE COMPLETELY FLUENT
IN YOUR LANGUAGE
AS WELL AS THE LANGUAGE OF THE
SUBJECT. THIS IS
VERY IMPORTANT IN BOTH SPEAKING THESE
LANGUAGES
AND WRITING THEM.

C. PERSONALITY
WHENEVER POSSIBLE. THE PERSONALITY OF
THE
INTERPRSTER SHOULD BE THE SAME OR NEARLY
THE SAME
AS YOURS. THIS WILL OFTEN COME ABOUT AS THE
TWO
OF YOU WORK TOGETHER MORE AND MORE
OFTEN. IF
THERE ARE SERIOUS PERSONALITY DIFFERENCES
BETWEEN
THE TWO OF YOU. YOU SHOULD GET
ANOTHER
INTERPRETER.
 ADJUST HIS
THH INTERPRETER SHOULD BE ABLE TO
AND TO THE
PERSONALITY TO THAT OF THE SUBJECT,
"QUESTIONING" TECHNIQUES BEING USED.

SOCIAL STATUS

THIS. IS ALWAYS A CONSIDERATION IN THOSE COUNTRIES

IN WHICH SOCIAL STATUS EXISTS. IN A LIAISON

SITUATION BE SURE THE INTERPRETER HAS THE SOCIAL

STATURE FOR CONTACT WITH THE OFFICIALS WITH WHOM

HE WILL BE TALKING. 4

DURING THE "QUESTIONING" Of A SUBJECT IN WHICH A

DI FFERENCE OF CLASSES MAY EXIST BETWEEN THE

SUBJECT AND THE INTERPRETER, YOU MUST MAKE IT

'

CLEAR TO THE SUBJECT THAT THE CONVERSATION IS

"STRICTLY BETWEEN THE TWO OF YOU, THAT THE

INTERPRETER IS SIMPLY A DEVICE FOR CONVERTING THE

LANGUAGE.

IN CERTAIN SOCIETIES WOMEN ARE OFTEN VIEWED AS

HAVING INFERIOR SOCIAL STATUS AND USING A FEMALE

INTERPRETER MAY NOT BE ADVISABLE IN CASES WHERE A

MAN IS BEING "QUESTIONED".

THE CHANGE IN TONAL INFLECTIONS AS A FEMALE.

INTERPRETS THE QUESTIONS OF A MALE "QUESTIONER"

CAUSES THE EFFECT TO BE LOSS DURING TRANSLATION.

ACCORDING TO PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS, MEN AND WOMEN

BOTH RESPOND BETTER TO QUESTIONING BY A MALE.

c- 11 e. SOURCES OR INTERPRETERS

1. MOST SECURITY SERVICES ALREADY HAVE EXISTING

C-12 INTERPRETER POOLS FROM WHICH YOU can SELECT

SOMEONE WHO MEETS YOUR REQUIREMENTS.

C-12

LC^TOlW^ THAT YOU FULLY UNDERSTAND WHY THE

4

OTHER OFFICER IS WILLING TO RELEASE HIM,

Slide - AND THE OTHER OFFICER UNDERSTAND

C-15
THAT THERE ARE TO BE NO RESIDUAL RELATIONSHIPS

BETWEEN THEM,
J
j v J
* f

K'LTHgWJU'W THAT NO TWO OFFICERS WILL USE AN

INTERPRETER IN EXACTLY THE SAME FASHION,

IJji-JJMAi >*»'> MIOrrTl TAT YOU PLAN TO CHANGE ANY OF HIS

HABITS WHICH YOU CONSIDER UNDESIREABLE,

C-12 3. IT MAY BE NECESSARY TO USE AN INTERPRETER

FROM A SOURCE OUTSIDE YOUR OWN SERVICE.

EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES ARE AN EXCELLENT SOURCE

FOR NEW TALENT.

C-S
 F. GENERAL SUGGESTIONS
C-U before
^TuntIlTou have several leads
C-l-4
CANDIDATES.
INTERVIEWING ANY

candidates.
2. interview all serious
C-14
candidates, through both
3. run traces on all
C-14
YOUR OWN AND LIAISON SERVICES.

ON
REVIEW ALL PERSONNEL FILES THOROUGHLY
4
C-14 reports :
candidate, including 'anv PERFORMANCE
fach
OR
lay OUT ALL GROUND
RULES AT THE TIME
C-14 s.
l
ALL
RECRUITMENT. BE SURE HE UNDERSTANDS
SALARY AND
CONDITIONS OFEMPLOYMENT. SU.CH AS
WILL OR WILL NOT BE
BENEFITS. AND WHAT HE

entitled to.

rT ,, c uaVE all understandings

have
insofar as possible,
•

C-14
IN WRITING.

TO
ESPECIALLY WATCHFUL FOR ATTEMPTS
7 . BE
C-14
penetrate your office.
E. 2., P* c ^
- Return to
C-15

C-6
C-16 TV. TRAINING OF INTERPRETERS

C-16 A- ESTABLISH YOUR AUTHORITY AS SOON AS POSSIBLE AND

BE SURE THE INTERPRETER UNDERSTANDS THE LIMITS OF HIS

AUTHORITY- YOU ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR INSTRUCTING THE

INTERPRETER IN HIS DUTIES, THE STANDARDS OF CONDUCT '•

EXPECTED FROM HIM, THE TECHNIQUES TO BE USED DURING

“QUESTIONING*' ,
AND ANY OTHER REQUIREMENTS WHICH YOU

CONSIDER NECESSARY.

C-17 B- DETERMINE HIS CURRENT LEVEL OF TRAINING AND

EXPERIENCE, NOTING ANY UNDESIREABLE CHARACTERISTICS OR
.

HABITS. NOTIFY HIM FIRMLY OF ANY CHARACTERISTICS YOU

WANT CHANGED AND HOW TO DO IT.

IF POSSIBLE, HAVE A NEW INTERPRETER UNDERSTUDY

ONE WHO IS ALREADY PROFICIENT, OR AT LEAST; AFFORD HIM

THE OPPORTUNITY TO PRACTICE SKILLS LEARNED UNDER

SUPERVISION.

c-ia C. ACCURACY OF TRANSLATIONS SHOULD BE STRESSED. HE

MUST REALIZE THAT IF HE DOES NOT UNDERSTAND WHAT YOU

ARE TRYING TO SAY, HE SHOULD NOT TRY TO FAKE IT. BUT

SHOULD FIRST DISCUSS IT WITH YOU BEFORE INTERPRETING.

HE SHOULD BE MADE TO UNDERSTAND THAT HE IS YOUR

"RIGHT HAND" OR "MOUTHPIECE" AND IS INDISPENSIBLE TO

THE "QUESTIONING". HOWEVER, HE MUST BE CAUTIONED NOT

TO INTERJECT HIS OWN IDEAS INTO THE "QUESTIONING". HE

SHOULD TRANSLATE DIRECTLY ANY STATEMENTS MADE BY YOU

/foR) THE' SUBJECT.

C-7
 "HE WANTS TO
HE SHOULD AVOID SUCH EXPRESSIONS AS
- know if you....- or -he SAID TO TELL YOU THAT....-,

ETC.

THE
C-19 D. PERIODIC TESTING AND EVALUATION OF
TAPES OR
INTERPRETER SHOULD BE CONDUCTED THROUGH
WRITING. THIS SHOULD BE DONE WITHOUT HIS KNOWING THAT

HE IS BEING EVALUATED.

C-20 E. SPECIAL ATTENTION SHOULD BE GIVEN TO THE

DEVELOPMENT -OF LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY IN THE TECHNICAL.

FIELDS IN WHICH THE INTERPRETER WILL BE

USED. THE USE
%

THE
OF TECHNICAL TERMS WILL GREATLY INCREASE
GIVEN-
COMPLEXITY OF THE QUESTIONS ASKED AND ANSWERS
THE SUBJECT
THEREFORE. THE INTERPRETER MUST UNDERSTAND

NATTER almost as well as YOU DO.

MAKE IT CLEAR TO THE INTERPRETER THAT

THE
C-21 p.
DURING
QUANTITY AND QUALITY OF INFORMATION OBTAINED

THE "QUESTIONING” WILL DEPEND UPON HIS ABILITY AS AN

INTERPRETER.

C-22 j. USE OF INTERPRETERS

"QUESTIONING" MUST BE
THE PROCEDURES TO BE USED DURING
SOME OF THESE
ADAPTED TO THE USE OF AN INTERPRETER.
TIME YOU
ADAPTATIONS NEED ONLY BE CONSIDERED THE FIRST

USE A PARTICULAR INTERPRETER. THEY DO NOT NEED TO BE

RECONSIDERED IF THE TWO OF YOU CONSTANTLY WORK

TOGETHER AS A TEAM.
 -

PLANNING AND PREPARATION

ALWAYS THOROUGHLY BRIEF THE INTERPRETER ON ANY

AND ALL INFORMATION AVAILABLE REGARDING THE

SUBJECT AND THE OBJECTIVES OF THE “QUESTIONING"

PRIOR TO THE START OF THE "QUESTIONING", THE

INTERPRETER SHOULD BE GIVEN THE OPPORTUNITY TO

CONDUCT ANY NECESSARY RESEARCH CONCERNING

TECHNICAL OR PROFESSIONAL TERMS TO BE USED DURING

THE “QUESTIONING" . IN SOME CASES IT WILL BE

NECESSARY FOR YOU TO PROVIDE HIM WITH A PRECISE

DEFINITION OF THE TERMS YOU PLAN TO USE TO ENSURE

A CLEAR UNDERSTANDING BY THE INTERPRETER-

PHYSICAL ARRANGEMENTS

INSTRUCT THE INTERPRETER ON THE PHYSICAL

ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE "QUESTIONING". HE SHOULD

SEE THE ACTUAL FACILITIES TO BE USED AND SHOULD

KNOW EXACTLY WHERE HIS PHYSICAL POSITION WILL BE

IN RELATION TO YOU AND THE SUBJECT. THE MOST

DESIREABLE ARRANGEMENT IS FOR YOU AND THE SUBJECT

TO FACE EACH OTHER ACROSS OPPOSITE SIDES OF A

TABLE WITH THE INTERPRETER LOCATED AT ONE END OF

THE TABLE.
C- 24 C. METHOD OF INTERPRETATION

SELECT THE METHOD OF INTERPRETATION TO BE USED

DURING THE "QUESTIONING**, THAT IS, EITHER THE

ALTERNATE GR THE SIMULTANEOUS METHOD- THIS
CHOICE SHOULD BE BASED UPON YOUR EVALUATION OF
THE INTERPRETER'S ABILITY AND PERSONAL

CHARACTERISTICS. EACH METHOD HAS CERTAIN

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF WHICH YOU SHOULD

BE AWARE.

C-24 ALTERNATE METHOD

IN THIS METHOD, YOU SPEAK ENTIRE THOUGHTS,
SENTENCES, AND SOMETIMES EVEN PARAGRAPHS , AND

THEN WAIT FOR THE INTERPRETER TO TRANSLATE ALL

THAT HAS BEEN SAID. THIS REQUIRES THE

INTERPRETER TO HAVE AN EXCEPTIONALLY GOOD MEMORY

t

BUT DOES ALLOW HIM TO REPHRASE STATEMENTS TO

ENSURE BETTER UNDERSTANDING IN THE SECOND

LANGUAGE. THIS IS IMPORTANT WHEN THE SENTENCE

STRUCTURE OF THE SUBJECT'S LANGUAGE DIFFERS- FROM

THAT OF YOUR OWN LANGUAGE.

THE ALTERNATE METHOD HAS THE DISADVANTAGE

OF
MAKING THE INTERPRETER'S PRESENCE MORE EVIDENT
OR
OBVIOUS. THIS TENDS TO BREAK DOWN THE EYE-TO-EYE

CONTACT THAT IS DESIRED BETWEEN YOU AND THE

. SUBJECT.
 .

S I MULT ANEQUS METHOD

7n~this"«ethod ?
THE interpreter translates your

WORDS AS YOU ARE SPEAKING,

KEEPING UP WITH YOU AS
A FEW WORDS OR
CLOSELY AS POSSIBLE, USUALLY ONLY

A PHRASE BEHIND. THIS ALLOWS HIM TO MORE

ACCURATELY CONVEY -THE EXACT RENTAL ATTITUDE AND

QR THE SUBJECT
FINE SHADES OF MEANING WHICH YOU

ARE TRYING TO EXPRESS. BECAUSE THERE ARE NO LONG

SUBJECT ARE NOT
PAUSES DURING, WHICH YOU OR THE
ATTENTIVE
INVOLVED, THIS METHOD PROMOTES
BETWEEN YOU
LISTENING AND INCREASES THE RAPPORT

AND THE SUBJECT

DISADVANTAGE OF
THE SIMULTANEOUS METHOD HAS THE
INTERPRETING,
GREATER CHANCE OF ERROR DURING

ESPECIALLY WHERE THERE IS A

DIFFERENCE IN
TWO LANGUAGES. IT
SENTENCE STRUCTURE BETWEEN THE
DEGREE OF PROFICIENCY
ALSO REQUIRES A VERY HIGH

IN BOTH LANGUAGES.-
 US D
O. techniques to be ^
-25
r«r Hn^r T R iT ER on the

IS TO TAKE
manner «« wh.ch

PU.CE AND TECHNIQUES

THE ••QUESTIONING"

IF POSSIBLE,
YOU SHOULD PRACTICE .

TO BE USED. ^
TO THE REAL
CONDITIONS AS CLOSE
HITH HIM UNDER
DURING THE ACTUAL
cvtct DURI^-
EXIST
CONDITIONS WHICH WILL
i

•'QUESTIONING*'-

SUBJECT, YOU
CONTACT WITH THE
burins YOUR INITIAL
ROLE THE INTERPRETER
SHOULD'INFORM' HIM^AS TO THE
WHICH IS
PLAY OURING THE -QUESTIONING",
WILL
ACCURATE TRANSLATION OF
SIMPLY TO GIVE AN
YOU AND THE SUBJECT.
EVERYTHING SAID BETWEEN

TO SPEAK
AT THIS TIME,
INSTRUCT THE SUBJECT
AND
- NOT TO THE INTERPRETER,
• DIRECTLY TO YOU
YOU - NOT AT
SPEAKING, TO LOOK DIRECTLY AT
WHILE

THE INTERPRETER-

TO USE SIMPLE DIRECT .

INSTRUCT THE SUBJECT

PHRASES SUOI AS "TELL
LANGUAGE AND TO AVOID USING
YOU/SAY
WOULD LIKE TO HAVE
HIM THAT...." OR "I

THAT
 -

R£PO RTIN ^
C-26
E- recqrdi ng and

lN TERPRET£R
SHOULD
- ™ you in preparing
T YOU
ASSIST
questioning,
and report of the
THE record
I SUNDERST
AND I NGS
THERE NO
THAT
WILL TNSURE

state of
assessed his psychological
bccurately
TO BE ADDITIONAL
mMD . IF T^UE ABE PROPERLY
n JC
SESSIONS, YOU CA M NOW
vnn
“ QUEST I ON I NG"
advantage of the
technique to take
rn
TAILOR. YOUR
STATE.
SUBJECT'S PSYCHOLOGICAL

vl SUMMARY DIFFERENCE
„ THE
SPELL
-UR IKTERPRerEB CAN.
USE aw
^, fllpc
FAILURE. IF YOU MUST
AND
BETWEEN SUCCESS

t
nterpreter ,
USE HIM PROPERLY.

requirements, take
CARE IN
•

selection. ^
CONSIDER
him well,

CORRECT TECHNIQUES.
flN0 USE THE
situation, if
ooptfr in a CLASSROOM
U HEN USING
AN INTER
MUST WORK
THE IN TERPRETER
INlt
— rsf/C TWO
w INSTRUCTORS,
THERE ARE >

rT noc; THE
THREE INSTR^ORS.
, ,

IF THERE ARE
TWICE AS HARO.
TINES AS HAR
HUST WORK THREE
INTERPRETER
H1HSELF.
•
THE
the INSTRUCTOR EXPRESSES
BADLY
badly
no hatter HOW
ALWAYS hakes hih sound
the interpreter
 SELECTION OF "QUESTIONERS’

I. GENERAL.

theTuse of properly qualified and thoroughly trained

"QUESTIONERS" IS A FUNDAMENTAL REQUIREMENT FOR THE

EFFICIENT EXPLOITATION OF SUBJECTS WHO ARE POTENTIAL

SOURCES OF INTELLIGENCE INFORMATION.

II. QUALIFICATIONS OF CHIEF IMPORTANCE TO A "QUESTIONER"

A. ENOUGH OPERATIONAL TRAINING AND EXPERIENCE TO

PERMIT QUICK RECOGNITION OF LEADS.

8. FAMILIARITY WITH THE LANGUAGE' TO BE USED.

C. EXTENSIVE BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE

SUBJECT’S NATIVE COUNTRY (AND INTELLIGENCE SERVICE, IF

EMPLOYED' BY ONE)

A GENUINE UNDERSTANDING OF THE SOURCE

AS A PERSON
D.

OF THE FOUR TRAITS LISTED, A GENUINE INSIGHT INTO THE

SUBJECT'S CHARACTER AND MOTIVES IS PERHAPS THE MOST

IMPORTANT.

A "QUESTIONER"
III. PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF
PERSONALITY
THE "QUESTIONER" SHOULD POSSESS SUITABLE
'

CHARACTERISTICS WHICH WILL ENABLE HIM TO GAIN THE

COOPERATION OF THE SUBJECT, SOME OF WHICH ARE LISTED

BELOW:
 - MOTIVATION: THE DEGREE OF A “QUESTIONER'S"

SUCCESS IS DIRECTLY RELATED TO HIS DEGREE OF ^

"V r <»•.*.’ <. C— c -< -

motivation. ti*wb8*®SB9S282S21EB®^® mmrntum

/ “•« *

HIS MENTAL ATTITUDE TO DO A

GOOD JOB IS FELt BY THE SUBJECT AND INCREASES CHANCES

OF COOPERATION.

0-6 ALERTNESS: A “QUESTIONER” MUST WATCH FOR ANY

INDICATQN THAT THE SUBJECT IS WITHHOLDING ADDITIONAL

INFORMATION; FOR ANY TENDENCY TO RESIST FURTHER

*

QUESTIONING, FOR DIMINISHING RESISTANCE, FOR

CONTRADICTIONS, ETC.

^“QUESTIONER” MUST BE CONSTANTLY AWARE OF THE

SHIFTING ATTITUDES WHICH NORMALLY CHARACTERIZE A

SUBJECT'S REACTION TO “QUEST IQNING" . HE MUST NOTE THE

SUBJECT'S EVERY GESTURE, WORD, AND VOICE INFLECTION

AND BE ABLE TO DETERMINE WHY THE SUBJECT IS IN A

ZrT f
'i.

CERTAIN MOOD OR WHY HIS MOOD SUDDENLY CHANGED. omn40a»

D-7 tjfi' PATIENCE AND TACT: A “QUESTIONER” DISPLAYING

r
PATIENCE AND TACT WILL BE ABLE TO CREATE AND MAINTAIN
•
*
r

A FAVORABLE ATMOSPHERE BETWEEN HIMSELF AND THE

SUBJECT- THE DISPLAY OF IMPATIENCE WILL ENCOURAGE THE

RESISTANT SUBJECT TO REMAIN UNRESPONSIVE EVEN LONGER.

 A *• QUESTIONER* 4
MUST MAINTAIN
CREDIBILITY:
D-8
FAILURE TO PRODUCE
CREDIBILITY WITH THE SUBJECT.
AFFECT
REWARDS WHEN PROMISED NAY ADVERSELY
MATERIAL _ ^

FUTURE INTERVIEWS. 1

A ••QUESTIONER"
MUSt HAVE THE
D-9
, A OBJECTIVITY:
attitude
to naintain a dispassionate nental
ability
of the enotional reactions he hay actually
regardless
DURINS'THE "QUESTIONING".
EXPERIENCE OR HAY SIHULATE
HAVE AN
A "QUESTIONER" HUST
D-10 * & SELF CONTROL:
c control
_ self TO AVOID DISPLAYS
rnMTRfll TU
exceptional degree of
AMrcR IRRITATION,
IRRIlH* SYMPATHY, OR WEARINESS
OF GENUINE ANGER,
r- »

INITIATIVE DURING THE!

ncc t up INITIH:
HAY CAUSE HIM TO LOSE THE
i

WHICH
"QUESTIONING".

A "QUESTIONER"
HUST BE ABLE TO
ADAPTABILITY:
D-Il
PERSONALITIES
HANY AND VARIED
ADAPT HIHSELF TO THE
TO SHOOTHLY SHIFT
HIS
. WHICH HE HAY ENCOUNTER,
during interviews he must .

techniques and approaches

OPERATIONAL
BE ABLE TO ADAPT HIMSELF TO THE
also
FUNCTION
WILL REQUIRE him TO
ENVIRONMENT WHICH OFTEN
CONDITIONS.
UNFAVORABLE PHYSICAL
llNDE R A VAR IE TY OF
 PERSERVERANCE: perserverance makes the
D-L2 q-.

q j FFERENCE BETWEEN A "QUESTIONER" WHO IS MERELY GOOD

AND ONE WHO IS SUPERIOR. A "QUESTIONER WHO BECOMES

EASILY DISCOURAGED BY OPPOSITION, NONCOOPERATION, AiND •

OTHER DIFFICULTIES, WILL NEITHER AGGRESSIVELY PURSUE

THE OBJECTIVE TO A SUCCESSFUL CONCLUSION NOR SEEK

LEADS TO OTHER VALUABLE INFORMATION.

APPEARANCE AND BEHAVIOR: A NEAT, ORGANIZED, AND

PROFESSIONAL APPEARANCE WILL FAVORABLY INFLUENCE THE

4

SUBJECT. A FIRM, DELIBERATE, AND 'BUSINESSLIKE MANNER

OF SPEECH AND ATTITUDE WILL CREATE THE PROPER

ENVIRONMENT FOR A SUCCESSFUL “QUESTIONING** - IF A

"QUESTIONER'S" PERSONAL MANNER REFLECTS. FAIRNESS,

STRENGTH, AND EFFICIENCY, THE SUBJECT MAY PROVE MORE

COOPERATIVE ANO RECEPTIVE TO QUESTIONING.

III. SPECIAL SKILLS AND ABILITIES

A "QUESTIONER" MUST POSSESS. OR ACQUIRE THROUGH

TRAINING AND EXPERIENCE, A NUMBER OF SPECIAL ^SKILLS

AND KNOWLEDGE.

A. WRITING AND SPEAKING ABILITY: “QUESTIONING" IS

NOT AN END IN ITSELF. ITS FULL VALUE CAN ONLY BE

REALIZED WITH THE TIMELY DISSEMINATION OF THE

INFORMATION OBTAINED. IN A FORM USABLE TO THE

APPROPRIATE AGENCIES. THEREFORE, A “QUESTIONER" MUST

BE ABLE TO PREPARE AND PRESENT WRITTEN/ORAL REPORTS IN

A CLEAR. COMPLETE. CONCISE. AND ACCURATE MANNER.

 8. LINGUISTIC SKILL: ALTHOUGH A TRAINED
0-15
THROUGH AN
"QUEST I ONER” CAN SUCCESSFULLY WORK
“QUESTIONER”
INTERPRETER, THE RESULTS OBTAINED BY A
LANGUAGE WILL BE,
WHO IS FLUENT IN THE SUBJECT'S NATIVE
PROFICIENCY IN A
MORE TIMELY AND COMPREHENSIVE,
OF
FOREIGN LANGUAGE SHOULD INCLUDE A KNOWLEDGE
AND LOCAL
MILITARY TERMS, IDIOMS, ABBREVIATIONS, SLANG
DIALECTS.

C, SPECIALIZED KNOWLEDGE: THE NATURE OF

D- 16
HAVE
EXPLOITATION REQUIRES THAT A “QUESTIONER"
SPECIALIZED KNOWLEDGE:

D-17 1. KNOWLEDGE OF THE ORGANIZATION, METHODS OF

OPERATION, AND MISSION OF HIS OWN ESTABLISHMENT

AS WELL AS THOSE OF THE SUBJECT-

D- 17 2, KNOWLEDGE OF THE GEOGRAPHY, HISTORY, AND

CULTURE OF THE AREA IN WHICH HE IS OPERATING AND

EVEN A RESISTANT
"qF THE SUBJECT'S HOME COUNTRY.
NON-TACT I CAL
SUBJECT WILL SOMETIMES DISCUSS .

GEOGRAPHY,
TOPICS. AND A KNOWLEDGE OF THE
COUNTRY MAY BE
ECONOMICS OR POLITICS OF HIS HOME
HE HAS STARTED
USED TO .INDUCE HIM TO TALK- ONCE
THEN GRADUALLY
TO TALK, THE “QUESTIONER" MAY
DISCUSSION
•
INTRODUCE SIGNIFICANT TOPICS INTO THE
 THE
IN -QUESTIONING" TECHNIQUES.
o TRAINING
0-18
the proper
spfectivsness of a TECHNIQUE depends on
TO THE
AND HATCHING OF THE TECHNIQUE
SELECTION

personality of the subject.

PSYCHOLOGY. A
0-19 e UNDERSTANDING OF BASIC
HIMSELF TO THE PERSONALITY
-QUESTIONER" CAN BEST ADAPT
OF BASIC
HAS AN UNDERSTANDING
OF THE SUBJECT IF HE
AND
MOTIVATIONS, INHIBITIONS,
PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS.
attitudes.

CONCLUSION
-QUESTIONER" SHOULD REMEMBER THAT HE AND THE SUBJECT
A
because THE
often working at cross purposes not
ARE
BUT
IS MALEVOLENTLY WITHHOLDING OR MISLEADING
SUBJECT
IS HOT
BECAUSE WHAT HE WANTS FROM THE SITUATION
S IMPLY
WANTS.
WHAT THE '.'QUESTIONERS

OBTAIN FACTS CONCERNING

fl-QUESTIONER’S- GOAL IS TO
FEELS THE SUBJECT HAS
- SOMETHING ABOUT WHICH HE
BUT THE SUBJECT IS NOT
ACQUIRED INFORMATION.
THIS INFORMAIOn'tO HIS
CONCERNED WITH COMMUNICATING
"WHAT SORT OF
-QUESTIONER", HE IS CONCERNED WITH
TO HAPPEN
IMPRESSION AM MAKING7" AND "WHAT IS GOING
.

M
TO ME NOW?

0-6
 GREAT OEAL OF TIME
THE SKILLED "QUESTIONER" CAN SAVE A
OF THE SUBJECT AND
BY UOERSTANDING THE EMOTIONAL NEEDS
HE SUBJECTED
RELIEVING THE FEAR WHICH HE FEELS WHEN
IS

TO "QUESTIONING" . SO SIMPLE A MATTER AS GREETING A

A SESSION
SUBJECT BY HIS NAME AT THE OPENING OF
ESTABLISHES IN HIS MIND THE COMFORTING AWARENESS THAT

HE IS CONSIDERED AS A PERSON, NOT A SQUEEZABLE SPONGE.

QUESTIONING
WITH THIS UNDERSTANDING ESTABLISHED, THE
WILL NOT LATER
CAN MOVE ON TO IMPERSONAL MATTERS AND
DESIGNED NOT TO
BE INTERRUPTED BY IRRELEVANT ANSWERS
IS A
PROVIDE FACTS BUT TO PROVE THAT THE SUBJECT
RESPECTABLE MEMBER OF THE HUMAN RACE.

SUBJECT INTO
ALTHOUGH IT IS OFTEN NECESSARY TO TRICK A
IN COUNTER
TELLING WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW, ESPECIALLY
QUESTION WHICH
INTELLIGENCE "QUESTIONING", THE INITIAL
BE, "HOW CAN I MAKE
A "QUESTIONER" ASKS HIMSELF SHOULD
RATHER THAN "HOW
HIM WANT TO TELL ME WHAT HE KNOWS?"

CAN I TRAP HIM INTO TELLING WHAT HE KNOWS?"

IF THE SUBJECT IS GENUINELY HOSTILE FOR IDEOCOGICAL

ARE IN ORDER.
REASONS. TECHNIQUES FOR MANIPULATION
OR THE USE OF
BUT THE ASSUMPTION OF HOSTILITY,
MAY MAKE A
PRESSURE TACTICS AT THE FIRST ENCOUNTER,
*

RESPONDED TO
SUBJECT RESISTANT WHO WOULD HAVE
ASSUMPTION
RECOGNITION OF INDIVIDUALITY AND AN INITIAL

OF GOOD WILL.

D-7
 design and management

administrative/design consideratio ns
EXPECTED CAPACITY.
XHe~FACILITy~SHaULD BE DESIGNED FOR
ROOMS AND DETENTION CEU-S
THE NUMBER OF "QUESTIONING*
TO THE FLOW OF
REQUIRED IS DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL
"QUESTIONERS". IF
PRISONERS AND THE AVAILABILITY OF
BE UNDER ONE ROOF, TO
POSSIBLE, ALL ACTIVITIES SHOULD

INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING:

ADMITTING ALL
A. CENTRAL RECEPTION ENTRYWAY FOR

PERSONNEL.

B. SUPERVISORS' OFFICES.

C. OPERATIONS ROOM.
AND REPORTS PREPARATION.
D. staFF OPFICE FOR PLANNING
DUTY GUARDS TO REST.
E. SLEEPING QUARTERS FOR OFF

F. FILE ROOM.
WITH A STORAGE AREA
G. PROCESSING ROOM FOR PRISONERS

FOR PERSONAL EFFECTS.

WITH A SHOWER FOR
H. MEDICAL TREATMENT ROOM
PRISONERS.
EXAMINING AND TREATING
PREPARING ALL MEALS FOR
t. KITCHEN EACILITY FOR

PRISONERS.
 SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS
reasonably secure
£-10 7. should” be”constructeo in a
demonstrations, riots, etc.
area, secure froh

OBSERVED FROM OUTSIDE BY

B SHOULD NOT BE EASILY
E-U .

UNAUTHORIZED personnel.

AN ATTACK.
C. SHOULD BE ABLE TO WITHSTAND
E-12
WATER, ETC.
E— 13 D- BACK-UP UTILITIES, ELECTRICITY,

FROM SHELLING.
E— 14 E. OVERHEAD AND BUNKER PROTECTION

WITH GOOD FIELDS OF

••
E-1S F. BUNKERS' OUTSIDE THE FACILITY

fire

WALL OF THE FACILITY

£-16 G. FIRING PORTS IN THE OUTSIDE

MATERIAL- TO DETONATE
I
H. EXTERNAL FENCING OF DENSE
W\
r-
r~K

rockets.

MUST BE STRICTLY
E-18 I. ENTRY AND EXIT OF ALL PERSONNEL
WITH PHOTOS,
CONTROLLED BY A SYSTEM OF BADGES,
INDICATING AREAS OF. ACCESS
IDENTIFYING PERSONNEL AND
BACKGROUNDS) BADGES NEVER
<e.g. DIFFERENT COLOR
.

PICKED UP AND TURNED AT

LEAVE THE FACILITY. THEY ARE
RECEPTION.

TO OFFICIAL
E- 19 J. VEHICLE ENTRY SHOULD BE LIMITED
DOUBLE GATE BARRIER.
“VEHICLES AND CONTROLLED BY A

OUTSIDE THE
E-20 K. PARKING AREAS SHOULD BE LOCATED
OUTSIDE WALL.
FACILITY AND AWAY FROM THE

£-2
 '

II I. CELL BLOCK PLANNING

E-21 - A. CELLS SHOULD BE ABOUT 3 METERS LONG AND 2 METERS

WIDE.

E-22 8. CEILING SHOULD BE A MINIMUM OF 3 METERS HIGH WITH

SCREENED PROTECTION FOR THE LIGHT.

E-23 C. CELL DOORS SHOULD BE OF HEAVY STEEL WITH JUDAS

PORT FOR VIEWING AND SEPARATE PORT FOR PUTTING FOOD

AND WATER INTO THE CELL. (THE SLAMMING OF A HEAVY

STEEL DOOR IMPRESSES UPON THE SUBJCT THAT HE IS CUT

4

OFF FROM THE REST OF THE WORLD. )

E-24 D. WINDOW SHOULD BE SET HIGH IN THE WALL WITH THE

CAPABILITY OF BLOCKING OUT LIGHT." (THIS ALLOWS THE

"QUESTIONER” TO BE ABLE TO DISRUPT THE SUBJECT'S SENSE

OF TJME. DAY AND NIGHT.)

AM /
E-25 E. HEAT. AIR AND LIGHT SHOULD BE EXTERNALLY
T O F ~Tc *m«. £
7 A/a TO oa £ Cc
A? .
! >:•

CONTROLLED /Su

E-26 F. BEDDING SHOULD BE MINIMAL - COT AND BLANKET - NO

MATTRESS. (THE IDEA IS TO PREVENT THE SUBJECT FROM

RELAXING AND—RECOVERTNG=FROM'=EHG€K*. )

E-27 G. THES£=^HQtfcS-Be NO BUILT-IN TOILET FACILITIES^

THE^SUB J ECT—SHOULD—HAVE—TO—ASK—TO -REL IEVEzdbM tlSELFL

' THEN HE SHOULD EITHER BE GIVEN A BUCKET OR ESCORTED BY

•A GUARD TO THE LATRINE. THE GUARD STAYS AT HIS SIDE

THE ENTIRE TIME HE IS IN THE LATRINE.

E — .>
 H. CELLS SHOULD BE SOUNDPROOFED OR- INSULATED FROM
£-28
'
EACH OTHER.

THERE SHOULD BE ONE OR TWO PLUSH

CELLS FOR
£-29 j ^

COOPERATIVE PRISONERS.

£-30 J. ONLY AUTHORIZED PERSONS SHOULD BE ALLOWED ACCESS

TO THE CELLS.

E— 31 K. THE CELL BLOCK SHOULD HAVE A SECURE TRAVEL ROUTE

TO THE "QUESTIONING" ROOMS!

E— 32 L. ONLY ONE SUBJECT SHOULD BE MOVED AT A TIME AND HE

SHOULD BE BLINDFOLDED.

E— 3 3 M. THE HALLWAY OUTSIDE THE CELLS SHOULD HAVE A

SERIES OF FLASHING LIGHTS AS A WARNING TO INDICATE

•
WHEN A SUBJECT IS BEING MOVED. ' .

IV. THE "QUESTIONING" ROOM

THE "QUESTIONING" ROOM IS THE BATTLEFIELD UPON WHICH

THE "QUESTIONER" AND THE SUBJECT MEET. HOWEVER, THE

"QUESTIONER" HAS THE ADVANTAGE IN THAT HE HAS* TOTAL

CONTROL OVER THE SUBJECT AND HIS ENVIRONMENT.

ALTHOUGH VARIOUS SITUATIONS MAY REQUIRE SPECIAL

EQUIPMENT OR 'ARRANGEMENTS, HERE IS A BASIC LIST OF

DESIRED EQUIPMENT AND A PREFERRED ARRANGEMENT OF THE

ROOM AND ITS FURNITURE.

E-34 A. SHOULD BE AT LEAST 3X4 METERS WITH ONLY ONE
entrance.

E-35 B. NO WINDOWS, OR WINDOWS THAT CAN BE

COMPLETELY
BLACKED OUT.
'v

E-36 C. SHOULD BE SOUNDPROOFED AND CARPETED.

E-37 D. SHOULD BE FREE QF DISTRACTIONS, WITH

BARE WALLS.
THE SUGGESTED COLOR SCHEME IS AN OFF-WHITE
FOR THE
ENTIRE ROOM..
4

E-38 E. SHOULD HAVE A WARNING SIGN OR LIGHT OUTSIDE

THE
ROOM TO PREVENT INTERRUPTIONS WHEN A
“QUESTIONING" IS
BEING CONDUCTED. : -T

E-39 F. SHOULD HAVE A TWO-WAY MIRROR INSTALLED IN

THE
WALL BEHIND THE “QUESTIONER" SO THAT THE SUBJECT'S

REACTIONS CAN BE OBSERVED OR PHOTOGRAPHED; HOWEVER,

CERTAIN PRECAUTIONS MUST BE TAKEN:

1. DO NOT PLACE THE MIRROR WHERE THE PRISONER

CAN OBSERVE HIMSELF, THE ACTIVITIES OF THE

“QUESTIONER" BEHIND THE DESK, OR SEE THE

REFLECTION OF THE DOOR.

2. THE AREA BEHIND THE MIRROR SHOULD BE AN

ENCLOSED, DARKENED ROOM, WITH AN INSIDE LATCH ON

THE DOOR TO PREVENT ENTRY WHILE OBSERVATION IS IN

PROGRESS.

E-S
 cannot smoke, light a
the person observing
introduce light into the
hatch Oft IN ANY hay
OBSERVATION.^
OARKENED ROOH DURING

recording facilities. WITH a

E-40 5 should have built-in
activating the recorder or
hidden switch for either
SO.
c T GNALI NG AN ASSISTANT TO DO

hidden, in the
lm the microphones should be
BUT, IN ANY
TABLE, WALL, CEILING, ETC,;
GIVE a clear
location, must be able to
reproduction of the conversation.

RECORDER AVAILABLE
, 2. THERE SHOULD BE A BACK-UP
MALFUNCTIONS. IT SHOULD BE
IN CASE THE FIRST
WHEN THE FIRST BEGINS
LOADED AND READY TO TURN ON
.

TO RUN OUT OF TAPE.

PERMITS YOU TO
3 .
RECORDING THE "QUESTIONING"
HAVING TO TAKE
QUESTION THE SUBJECT WITHOUT
TABLE BARE IN FRONT OF
NOTES. THUS LEAVING THE
PAPERS.
HIM WITH NO DISTRACTING

DO NOT WANT
4 .
ONCE HE HAS BEGUN TO TALK, YOU
"QUESTIONING". THE
TO .BREAK THE RHYTHM OF THE
WORD CAN
SIGHT OF* YOU WRITING DOWN HIS EVERY
TO TALK.
UNNERVE HIM AND MAKE HIM RELUCTANT
 7

5. REMEMBER,, you ARE "QUESTIONING** THE SUBJECT

BECAUSE HE IS WITHHOLDING INFORMATION YOU DESIRE,

AND YOU MUST DRAW IT FROM HIM. THE MICROPHONES

AND RECORDERS ASSIST YOU IN MAINTAINING THE

MOMENTUM AND ATMOSPHERE OF THE “QUESTIONING".

6. DO NOT ATTEMPT TO RECORD EVERYTHING THAT IS

SAID, ONLY THE CRUCIAL PORTIONS OF THE

“QUESTIONING". REMEMBER THAT YOU WILL HAVE TO

REVIEW .THE TARES AND THEY MAY HAVE TO BE

TRANSCRIBED AT A L'ATER DATE.

8.
7. RECORDINGS ARE AN INVALUABLE AID IN .

PREPARING FOR THE NEXT SESSION BECAUSE YOU CAN GO

BACK OVER ANY PORTION OF THE “QUESTIONING" FOR

LEADS OR COMPARE ANSWERS GIVEN AT DIFFERENT

* •

TIMES. THEY CAN BE PLAYED SACK TO PREVENT -DENIAL

OF ADMISSIONS.

TAPES CAN BE EDITED AND SPLICED, -WITH

EFFECTIVE RESULTS, IF THE TAMPERING CAN BE KEPT

HIDDEN. FOR INSTANCE, IT IS MORE EFFECTIVE FOR A

SUBJECT TO HEAR A TAPED CONFESSION OF AN

ACCOMPLICE THAN TO MERELY BE TOLD- BY THE

“QUEST I ONER" THAT HE HAS CONFESSED.

E—
 9. recordings can be used by the “quest i oner**

TO STUDY HIS MISTAKES. AND HIS

MOST EFFECTIVE

TECHNIQUES. EXCEPTIONALLY INSTRUCTIVE

"QUESTIONINGS" OR PORTIONS THEREOF, CAN BE USED

IN THE TRAINING OF OTHERS.

H. CLOSED CIRCUIT TELEVISION OR A VIDEO TAPE

RECORDER IS ANOTHER VALUABLE AID DURING "QUESTIONING".

VIDEO TAPES CAN BE REVIEWED TO OBSERVE THE SUBJECT'S

REACTIONS TO CERTAIN KEY QUESTIONS. AS WITH TAPE

RECORDERS, THERE SHOULD BE A BACK-UP SYSTEH.

IT
I ^ THERE SHOULD NOT BE A TELEPHONE IN THE ROOM.

IS A VISIBLE LINK TO THE OUTSIDE AND

ITS PRESENCE

MAKES THE SUBJECT FEEL LESS CUT OFF.

ALL CONTROLS FOR LIGHTS, RECORDERS, SIGNALS. ETC.

SHOULD BE LOCATED SO THAT YOU CAN EASILY USE THEM

WITHOUT ALERTING THE SUBJECT.

NOT EVERY ROOM NEEDS TO BE FULLY EQUIPPED OR

IDENTICALLY EQUIPPED.

1. FOR SUBJECTS WHOSE POTENTIAL FOR

EXPLOITATION IS NOT VERY HIGH, SIMPLY A ROOM WITH

«

A RECORDER IS SUFFICIENT.

c* _ o
 -

„ AS A HIGHLY
PRODUCTIVE SUBJECT BECOMES MORE .

“QUESTIONING" CAN BE CONTINUED IN

A
COOPERATIVE,
FRIENDLY AND INFORMAL
ROOM WHICH HAS A MORE
.

CHAIRS, CIGARETTES,
ATMOSPHERE, WITH EASY
to relax the subject and
beverages, etc. in order
cooperation.
induce his continued

£-43 kJ -
training OF FACILITY-PERSONNEL
ARE UNDER THE
PERSONNEL UTILIZED IN THE FACILITY
ALL
AND
OF THE FACILITY CHIEF FOR ADMINISTRATIVE
CONTROL
from
matters,. euf should only take orders
logistical
SUBJECT.
MATTERS DEALING WITH THE
the “QUESTIONER" IN

INDOCTRINATED ON THE
A. THEY MUST BE THOROUGHLY
E-43
xo
THEIR inM
jobs. THE NEED-TO-KNOW
intelligence aspects of

PRINCIPLE APPLIES.

OF THEIR
THEY MUST UNDERSTAND THE IMPORTANCE
E-44 B.
PROCESS, AND
THE “QUESTIONING-
PARTICULAR FUNCTION IN
EXPLOITATION.
CONTRIBUTES TO A SUCCESSFUL
HOW IT

su'bject.
processing personnel must understand
E-4 5 c .

DESIRED RESULTS.
HANDLING PROCEDURES AND

MAY WANT TO HAVE THE

E-4 6 0. MEDICAL PERSONNEL IY0U
NURSE).
SUBJECT EXAMINED BY A

TRAINED IN ACCURATELY
E- 4 7 E. PILES PERSONNEL ARE
AND
INFORMATION
h. OBTAINED FROM THE SUBJECT
r t nM OBTAINt
CHECKING
to the questioner
rfi aying the results
 need only understand
E-48 F. EXTERNAL security personnel
PROTECTION OF THE FACILITY
NATTERS DEALING WITH THE
ENTRY TO THE FACILITY.
AND PREVENTING UNAUTHORIZED

UNDERSTAND WHAT ^
E-49 G. INTERNAL GUARD PERSONNEL NUST
"QUESTIONER** IS TRYING TO
PSYCHOLOGICAL OBJECTIVES THE
THE SUBJECT.
OBTAIN THROUGH THEIR HANDLING OF

E-SO v/I. TRAINING OF INTERNAL GUARDS

BACKGROUND
a7 NUST~HAVE UNDERGONE A THOROUGH
E-50
SECURITY CHECK.

PROCEDURES.
E-Sl B. MUST BE PROFICIENT IN EMERGENCY

ON PHYSICAL
E-52 C. MUST UNDERSTAND THE LIMITATIONS

CONTACT WITH THE SUBJECT.

USED AND REASONS

E-S3 D. MUST. UNDERSTAND THE TECHNIQUES
OF THE SUBJECT.
FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL PREPARATION

CELLS TO THE
MUST MOVE SUBJECTS FROM THEIR
.

E-54 E.

ROOMS WITHOUT ALLOWING THEM TO SEE

OR BE
"QUESTIONING**

SEEN BY OTHER PRISONERS.

SUBJECT A
THIS SEGREGATION GIVES THE COOPERATIVE
MOVED TO
PLAUSIBLE COVER STORY WHEN HE IS LATER
OTHER
ANOTHER COMPOUND WHERE HE MUST LIVE WITH
NONE OF THEM WILL BE AWARE OF THE
LENGTH
PRISONERS.
*'
Qp TIME HE WAS QUESTIONED OR
WHERE HE WAS DETAINED.

INFORMATION AT ALL.
AND HE CAN DENY GIVING ANY

p- o
i
 S

ARREST AND HANOLING OF SUBJECTS

APPREHENSION

aT THE MANNER AND TIMING OF ARREST CAN CONTRIBUTE

SUBSTANTIALLY TO THE ^QUESTIONER'

M PURPOSE AND SHOULD

BE PLANNED TO ACHIEVE SURPRISE AND THE

MAXIMUM AMOUNT

OF MENTAL DISCOMFORT. HE SHOULD THEREFORE BE ARRESTED

AT A MOMENT WHEN he' LEAST EXPECTS IT AND WHEN HIS

«

MENTAL AND PHYSICAL RESISTANCE IS AT ITS LOWEST.

THE IDEAL. TIME AT WHICH TO MAKE AN ARREST IS IN THE

EARLY HOURS OF THE MORNING. WHEN ARRESTED AT THIS

TIME.' MOST SUBJECTS EXPERIENCE INTENSE

FEELINGS OF

SHOCK, INSECURITY, AND PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS AND FOR

TO THE
THE MOST PART HAVE GREAT DIFFICULTY ADJUSTING
SITUATION.

"8. AS TO THE MANNER OF THE ARREST. IT IS VERY

SUCH A
IMPORTANT THAT THE ARRESTING PARTY BEHAVE IN

MANNER AS TO IMPRESS THE SUBJECT WITH THEIR

AND
EFFICIENCY- THE SUBJECT SHOULD BE RUDELY AWAKENED

IMMEDIATELY BLINDFOLDED AND HANDCUFFED. THE ARRESTING

PARTY SHOULD TMEN APPLY THE FOLLOWING PROCEDURE:

 SEARCH
OF
EQUIPMENT, QR DOCUMENTS
Twin FOR WEAPONS.
all materials
obtained
intelligence value* 4

w rue
THfi enflject
TO the “QUESTIONING*
SUBJeCT to .

8HOUUD ACCOMPANY

FACILITY. NO SOUVENIRS*

^ To tN’ r*f
SILENCE /rtfs* TWI £‘r% %Scks ~i
^O^^TAIN l

SILENCE AT AU. TIMES,

EACH
rH^JS&jSS*-* ALLOWED TO SPEAK TO
INSTRUCTED
THE ARRESTING PARTY SHOULD BE
OTHER.'
NECESSARY.
PRISONERS ONLY AS
TO SPEAK TO THE
THAT
ARE NOT TO .QUESTION- THE PRISONERS.
TH EY
-«
“QUESTIONER
IS THE JOB OF THE
. • 4

t
SEGREGATE y
SEGREGATED '•TMMS&SFrtKHsYv A**
^SWERS *S«* BE -
AND PSYCHOS XCAL.^ -

ISOLATION, BOTH PHYSICAL

_ I/* t rtki

SPhtU I W » riu i

^^ONERri^D^s'TSPN^^T 50 TO thS .

BY WAY
FACILITY IN A CLOSED VEHICLE
-QUESTIONING-
TO PREVENT HIS
DETECTING
OF A CIRCUITOUS ROUTE

where he; is being held.

SHOULD USE ONLY SUFFICIENT

the ARRESTING PARTY
IF THEY
]R CS TO EFFECT
THE ARREST, NO VIOLENCE!
JAW, HE WILL NOT BE
ABLE TO ANSI
REAM THE SUBJECT'S
-QUESTIONINS-.'
UEST IONS DURING THE
 NOT PARTICIPATE IN THE
-8
-
H- A "QUESTIONER" SHOULD
react to him quite
arrest because the subject will
him BEFORE- a
differently if he has never SEEN

"QUESTIONER* SHOULD RECIEVE A

4 COMPLETE REPORT FROM THE

which should include a

chief of the arresting party
the arrest, a list
description of circumstances during
AND ANY STATEMENTS
of ITEMS TAKEN FROM THE SUBJECT,

MADE BY THE SUBJECT.

II HANDLING UPON ARRIVAL AT THE FACI LITY

.

BLINDFOLDED
A. SUBJECT IS BROUGHT INTO THE FACILITY
F-9
SO DURING THE ENTIRE
AND HANDCUFFED AND SHOULD REMAIN

PROCESSING.

FOR ANY REASON. HE

F-10 B. ANY TIME THE SUBJECT IS MOVED
HANDCUFFED.
SHOULD BE BLINDFOLDED AND

COMPLY IMMEDIATELY
F-II C. SUBJECT SHOULD BE REQUIRED TO
INSTRUCTIONS.
AND PRECISELY WITH ALL

SUBJECT ARE
F- 12 D. ALL ITEMS BELONGING TO THE
a copy of the list going
inventoried and stored, with

TO THE "QUESTIONER".
'

PHOTOGRAPHED, USING
F- 13 E SUBJECT IS FINGERPRINTED AND
<

CAUTION WHEN REMOVING BLINDFOLD.

AND TOLD TO TAKE A

F- 14 - F. SUBJECT IS COHPLETELY STRIPPED
BLINDFOLD REMAINS IN PLACE
WHILE SHOWERING
SHOWER.

AND GUARD WATCHES THROUGHOUT.

 4

F- 1 S- SUBJECT IS GIVEN A THOROUGH MEDICAL EXAMINATION.

INCLUDING ALL BODY CAVITIES. BY THE FACILITY DOCTOR OR

NURSE.

F-3.S H„ SUBJECT IS PROVIDED WITH ILL-FITTING CLOTHING

(FAMILIAR CLOTHING REINFORCES IDENTITY AND THUS THE

CAPACITY FOR RESISTANCE).

F-16 I. SUBJECT IS THEN TAKEN. TO AN INDIVIDUAL CELL WHERE

THE BLINDFOLD AND HANDCUFFS ARE REMOVED AFTER HE

•

ENTERS THE CELL.

F— 17 J. SUBJECT IS NOT PERMITTED READING MATTER OF ANY

KIND.

F- 18 K. TOTAL ISOLATION SHOULD BE MAINTAINED UNTIL AFTER

THE FIRST “ QUEST I ON I NG M SESSION. CONDITIONS CAN BE

ADJUSTED AFTER THIS SESSION.

F-19 L- SUBJECT SHOULD BE MADE TO BELIEVE THAT HE 'HAS

BEEN FORSAKEN BY HIS COMRADES.

F-20 M. THROUGHOUT HIS DETENTION, SUBJECT MUST BE

CONVINCED THAT HIS "QUESTIONER" CONTROLS HIS ULTIMATE

DESTINY, AND THAT HIS ABSOLUTE COOPERATION IS

ESSENTIAL TO SURVIVAL.
 -

SCREENING OF SUBJECTS

GENERAL

A. SCREENING IS THE PROCESS OF OBTAINING BACKGROUND

BIOGRAPHICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DATA FROM SUBJECTS IN

ORDER TO DETERMINE FUTURE HANDLING- FOR EXAMPLE-

CUSTOMS SCREENS TRAVELERS TO IDENTIFY SUSPECTS WHO FIT

THE PSYCHOLOGICAL PROFILE OF A SMUGGLER. THOSE WHO

4

DO ARE THEN DETAINED FOR FURTHER QUESTIONING AND

SEARCHING.

THE SCREENING OF LARGE GROUPS OF PRISONERS SUCH AS

P.O-W-'s OR REFUGEES PRIOR TO "QUESTIONING" HAS A

SIMILAR PURPOSE- ONLY SUBJECTS WITH KNOWLEDGE OF

POTENTIAL INTELLIGENCE VALUE SHOULD BE SELECTED FOR

"QUESTIONING”

B. THE SCREENER SHOULD CONSIDER THE FOLLOWING

FACTORS WHEN MAKING SELECTIONS:

1. OVERALL INTELLIGENCE REQUIREMENTS AND

PRIORITIES.

2. HOUSING CAPACITY AND NUMBER OF "QUESTIONERS

AVAILABLE.

3- ESTIMATED INTELLIGENCE POTENTIAL OF THE

SUBJECT.
 WILL AID THE SCREENER IN
C. THE FOLLOWING GUIDELINES
POTENTIAL OF A SUBJECT:
ESTABLISHING THE PRIORITY ANb

PRIOftiTY "A" - SUBJECTS WHO

ARE MOST LIKELY TO “•
.

G-3
-physicists HAVE: TECHNICAL OR SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE OF
-chemists
AND AGENTS
-satellites INTELLIGENCE VALUE, NAMES OF OFFICERS
- etc. etc.
INVOLVEMENT IN
WORKING FOR THE OPPOSITION, DIRECT
SUBVERSIVE ACTS.

G-4 PRIORITY "8" - SUBJECTS WHO HAVE OTHER

SUBJECT
INFORMATION OF INTELLIGENCE VALUE ON A
AS INFORMATION
THAT WARRANTS “QUESTIONING", SUCH

OF IMMEDIATE TACTICAL VALUE.

INFORMATION
G-5 PRIORITY “C" - SUBJECTS WHO HAVE
OTHER
WHICH CAN BE USED TO VERIFY OR CORROBORATE

INFORMATION.

PRIORITY “O" - SUBJECTS WHO HAVE NO INFORMATION

G-6
OF INTELLIGENCE VALUE.

D. SCREENING SHOULD BE CONDUCTED BY SOMEONE OTHER

IS AN IMPORTANT
THAN THE "QUESTIONER" BECAUSE THERE

OjPfr^RgNCE IN WHAT THE TWO ARE TRYING TO OBTAIN. THE •

SCREENER WANTS TO OBTAIN PERSONAL INFORMATION ABOUT

THE SUBJECT HIMSELF. THE "QUESTIONER" WANTS TO OBTAIN

INFORMATION TO SATISFY SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS.

 the task of screening is made easier bv
the fact
_
* that the screener is interested in the
subject, most
SUBJECTS WILL SPEAK WITH SOME FREEDOM ABOUT
CHILDHOOD
EVENTS AND FAMILIAL RELATIONSHIPS. EVEN A
PROVOCATEUR
WHO IS TRAINED TO RECITE A COVER STORY AND
SUBSTITUTES
A FICTICIOUS PERSON FOR HIS FATHER WILL
DISCLOSE SOME
OF HIS FEELINGS ABOUT HIS REAL FATHER.

F. IF THE SCREENER CAN PUT THE SUBJECT AT EASE, HE

IS UNLIKELY TO FEEL THAT A CASUAL CONVERSATION
ABOUT
HIMSELF IS DANGEROUS. FOR EXAMPLE, ROUTINE QUESTIONS
ABOUT SCHOOL TEACHERS, EMPLOYERS, OR GROUP LEADERS

WILL LEAD THE SUBJECT TO REVEAL HOW HE FEELS ABOUT

HIS
PARENTS, SUPERIORS, AND OTHERS OF EMOTIONAL

CONSEQUENCE TO HIM BECAUSE OF ASSOCIATIVE LINKS IN HIS

- MIND.

G-7 II. INTELLIGENCE CATEGORIES

THE FOLLOWING CATEGORIES ARE EXAMPLES OF TYPES OF

SUBJECTS WHO MOST FREQUENTLY PROVIDE INFORMATION OF

INTELLIGENCE VALUE:

G“ 7 A. TRAVELLERS

ARE USUALLY INTERVIEWED, DEBRIEFED. OR QUESTIONED

THROUGH' TECHNIQUES OF ELICITATION. THEY ARE ONLY

"QUEST IONED". IF THEY ALSO FALL INTO ONE OF THE

OTHER CATEGORIES.
 .

Why do these return-

- love of country / / family
- trained by Soviets??

G-8 repatriates

SOMETIMES “QUESTIONED" BUT OTHER TECHNIQUES USED

MORE OFTEN.
'•v.

DEFECTORS. ESCAPEES AND REFUGEES

TEST
ARE NORMALLY “QUESTIONED" SUFFICIENTLY TO
BONA FIDES. HOWEVER, REMEMBER THAT BONA FIDES
CANNOT BE ESTABLISHED CONCLUSIVELY BY
“QUESTIONING" ALONE. EXPERIENCE HAS SHOWN THAT
AS A
THE OPPOSITION IS WELL AWARE OF THIS CHANNEL
MEANS OF PLANTING THEIR AGENTS IN TARGET
COUNTRIES.

D. AGENTS
ARE MORE FREQUENTLY DEBRIEFED THAN “QUESTIONED".

IF IT IS ESTABLISHED THAT AN AGENT

BELONGS TO ONE

OF THE NEXT THREE CATEGORIES, THEN HE

IS

"QUESTIONED" .

G -U E. PROVOCATEURS
USUALLY POSE AS DEFECTORS. ESCAPEES, OR-REFUGEES

IN ORDER TO PENETRATE EMIGRE GROUPS.

AN

INTELLIGENCE SERVICE, OR OTHER TARGETS ASSIGNED

BY THE OPPOSITION. THEY ARE TRAINED IN DECEPTION

AND THE USE OF A COVER STORY. DETECTION OF A

PROVOCATEUR REQUIRES SKILLED “QUESTIONING".

G- 1.2 _
F. DOUBLE AGENTS

FREQUENTLY ARE NOT "QUEST IQNED" UNLESS IT IS

DETERMINED THAT THEY ARE GIVING THE EDGE TO THE.

. \

OPPOSITION.

G-13 G. FABRICATORS
ARE USUALLY “QUESTIONED* FOR PREVENTIVE REASONS,
1

TO NULLIFY ANY DAMAGE TO YOUR SERVICE.

FABRICATORS HAVE LITTLE INTELLIGENCE SIGNIFICANCE

BUT ARE NOTORIOUSLY SKILLFUL TIMEWASTERS. THE

4

PROFESSIONAL PEDDLER WITH SEVERAL INTELLIGENCE

SERVICE CONTACTS MAY BE AN EXCEPTION, BUT HE WILL

USUALLY GIVE THE EDGE TO A HOST SECURITY SERVICE

BECAUSE OTHERWISE HE CANNOT FUNCTION. WITH

IMPUNITY.

G-14 III- PERSONALITY CATEGORIES

A. THE SCREENING OF INDIVIDUALS PRIOR TO

"
"QUESTIONING" CAN PROVIDE A "QUESTIONER" WITH

BACKGROUND DATA WHICH WILL GIVE HIM PSYCHOLOGICAL

INSIGHT TO THE SUBJECT. THIS PRELIMINARY

PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT WILL PERMIT HIM TO SELECT

"QUESTIONING" TECHNIQUES MATCHED TO THE PERSONALITY OF

THE SUBJECT.
B. A REAL UNDERSTANDING OF THE SUBJECT IS WORTH FAR

MORE THAN A THOROUGH KNOWLEDGE OF THIS OR THAT

CATEGORY TO WHICH HE HAS BEEN ASSIGNED- FOR

"QUESTIONING* PURPOSES THE WAYS IN WHICH HE DIFFERS

FROM THE ABSTRACT CATEGORY MAY BE MORE SIGNIFICANT
THAN THE WAYS IN WHICH HE CONFORMS. HOWEVER, THE

SCREENER DOES NOT HAVE TIME TO PROBE THE DEPTHS OF

EACH SUBJECT'S INDIVIDUALITY AND MUST THEREFORE MAKE
USE OF CATEGORIZING.
/ *

C. A "QUESTIONER" MUST NOT MAKE THE MISTAKE OF

ASSUMING THAT BECAUSE A SUBJECT HAS ONET OR TWO

CHARACTERISTICS OF A CATEGORY, THAT HE AUTOMATICALLY
BELONGS IN THAT CATEGORY. MOST SUBJECTS WILL SHOW

CHARACTERISTICS OF MORE THAN ONE CATEGORY. SOME WILL

«

NOT FIT INTO ANY OF THE CATEGORIES.

D. WITH THESE RESERVATIONS IN MIND, THE FOLLOWING

NINE PSYCHQLOG I CAL/EMOT I ONAL CATEGORIES ARE DESCRIBED

THEY ARE BASED UPON THE ASSUMPTION THAT A SUBJECT'S

PAST IS ALWAYS REFLECTED IN HIS PRESENT ETHICS AND

BEHAVIOR AND THAT ALL INDIVIDUALS, REGARDLESS OF
CULTURAL AND GEOGRAPHIC BACKGROUNDS, WILL REACT IN
ESSENTIALLY THE SAME WAY TO THE SAME TECHNIQUES.
 1 -

G-14 THE ORDERLY-OBSTINATE SUBJECT.

G- IS I THE~SUBJECT in this category is often intellectual.

G- IS - HE TENDS TO THINK' LOGICALLY AND ACT DELIBERATELY. ^

G-16 - HE IS PUNCTUAL, ORDERLY, TIDY

G- 17 - HE IS FRUGAL, NOT IMPULSIVE

G-18 - HE IS VINDICTIVE OR VENGEFUL

G-18 - HE IS STUBBORN

G- 20 - HE IS SECRETIVE. DISINCLINED TO CONFIDE IN OTHERS.

G- 21 - HE CONSIDERS HIMSELF SUPERIOR TO OTHER PEOPLE.

G-22 - HE SOMETIMES HAS HIS OWN SYSTEM OF MORALITY.

4

G-23 - HE AVOIDS ANY REAL COMMITMENT TO ANYTH I NO

G-24 - HE IS INTENSELY CONCERNED ABOUT PERSONAL

POSSESSIONS, OFTEN CARRYING SHINY COINS, KEEPSAKES, OR

r

OTHER OBJECTS HAVING SYMBOLIC VALUE.

G-25 - HE USUALLY HAS A HISTORY OF ACTIVE REBELLION IN

CHILDHOOD.

G-27 - HE HAS DEVELOPED A PROFOUND FEAR AND HATRED OF

AUTHORITY.

WHEN DEALING WITH AN ORDERLY-OBSTINATE SUBJECT-:

G-27 - AVOID THE ROLE OF HOSTILE AUTHORITY.

G-28 — THREATS AND THREATENING GESTURES. TABLE POUNDING,

G-29 POUNCING ON EVASIONS AND LIES, OR ANY SIMILAR

AUTHORITATIVE TACTICS WILL ONLY AWAKEN OLD ANXIETIES

AND HABITUAL DEFENSE MECHANISMS.

G- 30 TO ATTAIN RAPPORT. BE FRIENDLY.

G-3 _ THE ROOM ANO " GUEST ONER** SHOULD LOOK EXCEPTIONALLY
I

neat.
G- 3 2 THE OPTIMISTIC SUBJECT
-”th7s~type""of subject is almost
constantly
G-33
HAPPY-GO-LUCKY. HE SEEMS TO ENJOY A CONTINUAL STATE

OF WELL-BEING.

- HE IS IMPULSIVE. ‘INCONSISTENT, AND UNDEPENDABLE.

G-34
- HE IS NOT ABLE TO WITHSTAND .VERY MUCH
PRESSURE.
G-35
- HE REACTS TO A CHALLENGE BY RUNNING
AWAY TQ AVOID
G-36
CONFLICT.

- HE IS OFTEN THE YOUNGEST MEMBER OF A LARGE

FAMILY.
G-37
- HE HAS USUALLY HAD A- GREAT DEAL OF OVER
INDULGENCE
G-38
IN EARLY CHILDHOOD.

WHEN DEALING WITH AN OPTIMISTIC SUBJECT:

G-40
- AVOID PRESSURE TACTICS OR^HOSTILITY WHICH WILL
MAKE
G-39

G-40 HIM RETREAT INSIDE HIMSELF

- REASSURANCE WILL BRING HIM OUT. THE OPTIMISTIC
G-41
SUBJECT RESPONDS BEST TO A KINDLY ,
PARENTAL APPROACH.

- HE CAN OFTEN BE HANDLED EFFECTIVELY BY THE

FRIEND
G-42
AND FOE" TECHNIQUE DISCUSSED LATER.
 I

^SUBJECT
G-43 THE GREEDY, DEHANDING
DEPENDENT AND
;'--“-;;;£'a;'i UBjECT IS EXTREMELY
G-4 4
PASSIVE.
that others take care of Hi-M v
- he constantly demands
G-45
- HE tries to persuade
others to defend him saying,
G-46
"LET'S YOU AND Hitt FIGHT.**

- HE -IS LIKELY TO SHIFT

LOYALTIES IF HE FEELS HIS
G-47
DOWN. AN EXAMPLE IS A DEFECTOR
SPONSOR HAS LET HIM
FEELS HIS DESIRES WERE NOT SATISFIED IN HIS HOME
WHO

COUNTRY.
EVEN
- HE IS SUBJECT TO FREQUENT DEPRESSIONS AND HAY
G-48
TRY TO CQMHIT SUICIDE.
DEPRIVATION OF. AFFECTION OR
G-4 9
- HE USUALLY SUFFERED FROM
SECURITY IN EARLY CHILDHOOD.

WHEN DEALING WITH A GREEDY, DEMAND ING -SUBJECT:

HIM! OTHERWISE RAFPORT WILL

—o
G-SO - BE CAREFUL NOT TO REBUFF
U
cn
be destroyed.
«-a

CANNOT BE MET.
XJ - CO NOT ACCEDE TO DEMANDS WHICH
O G-51
BECAUSE
u
u AN UNIMPORTANT FAVOR MAY SATISFY HI*
GRANTING
4) O
u FROH A SPECIFIC NEED BUT
O a HIS DEMANDS ARISE NOT
E «
o FOR SECURITY.
a
u EXPRESSION OF HIS NEED
1
WILL
C H
_ ANY MANIFESTATION OF
CONCERN FOR HIS WELL-BEING
y "U
«-<
G-52
« o
>. ;
BE REASSURING TO HIM.
UNDERSTANDING FATHER OR BIG
«3 T3
X >-*
OF AN
r~l O ADOPTING THE TONE
<a .c G-53
MAKE HIM RESPONSIVE.
BROTHER IS LIKELY TO

\
 subject
the anxious, self-centered
G-54
» ^usually fearful.
'
G-55
r™tr;;;r 0F subject
constant struggle to conceal
his
- he ,s engaged in a
G-56
FEARS.
is no
daredevil pretending there
.

. he is frequently a
G-57
such thing as DANGER.
a desire for
. he tends to brag
and often lies out of
G-58
approval or praise.
soldier,
decorated for bravery as a
•
_ he hay have been
anticipation
to danger only in
having exposed himself
of REWARDS AND APPROVAL.
- HE IS INTENSELY VAIN
AND SENSITIVE.
G-59

of this subject
provides the
the concealed anxiety
HIS DESIRE TO IMPRESS
OPPORTUNITY FOR MANIPULATION.
TALKATIVE
HE IS LIKELY TO BE
HILL BE QUICKLY EVIDENT.
him
his bragging, or cutting
G-60 - ignoring or ridiculing
HIM RESENTFUL.
G-6 L SHORT IS LIKELY TO MAKE
'
- TAKE ADVANTAGE OF HIS
DESIRE TO IMPRESS.
G-62
OR PRAISING HIS COURAGE
IS
1
G-6 3 - PLAYING UPON HIS VANITY

likely to be successful.
{

( .

G- 10
 .

THE GUILT-RIDDEN SUBJECT

G-64 _ ' — “ "
SUBJtL-i HAS STRONG. CRUEL.
OF ciimFCT
A.
- THIS TYPE nc
. G-65
UNREALISTIC CONSCIENCE.
PROVE he has been treated
.

G-66 - HE often attempts to

UNJUSTLY.
frequently scolded or punished as a
G-67 - HE mav have been
A "HODEL" CHILD
WHO REPRESSED
CHILD, OR MAY HAVE BEEN

£l_L natural hostilities.

TREATMENT TO ASSUAGE HIS
G-68 _ HE HAY PROVOKE UNJUST

CONSCIENCE THROUGH PUNISHMENT.

CRIMES.
- HE MAY FALSELY CONFESS TO
G-69
_ HE HAY COHHIT CRIMES IN
ORDER TO CONFESS AND BE
G-70
PUNISHED.

- MASOCHISTS BELONG IN
THIS CATEGORY-
G-71
IN WINNING
- COMPULSIVE GAMBLERS
WHO FIND NO PLEASURE
CATEGORY.
V
LOSING BELONG IN THIS
BUT FIND RELIEF IN
DIFFICULT
"QUESTION".
SUBJECT IS /\ TO
THE GUILT-RIDDEN

- AVOID ACCUSATIONS
WHICH MAY TRIGGER FALSE
G-72 WHICH
CLANDESTINE ACTIVITY IN
CONFESSIONS TO HOStlLE

HE WAS NOT INVOLVED.

1

REMAIN SILENT. ENJOYING THE

G-7 3
•
. IF PUNISHED, HE MAY

i -PUNISHMENT" .

GUILT FEELINGS- MAY CEASE

G-74 - SUBJECTS WITH INTENSE
if punished IN
SOME WAY,
RESISTANCE and cooperate
PUNISHMENT.
GRATIFICATION INDUCED BY
BECAUSE OF the
 .

BY^SUCCESS
G-7S THE SUBJECT WRECKED
.
SUCCESS.
:-”-7”;-"o;luWECT'cflNNOT TOLERATE
G- 7 6
PLEASURES OF
WHICH FORBIDS THE
G-77
- HE HAS A CONSCIENCE
AND RECOGNITION. HE ENJOYS H!S
ACCOMPLISHMENT
THEY REMAIN FANTASIES.
AMBITIONS ONLY AS LONG AS
HE
FAILING AT CRITICAL POINTS.
G-78 - he GOES THROUGH LIFE
COMPLETING A SIGNIFICANT
HAS A HISTORY OF ALMOST
ALWAYS INTERVENES. THIS
ASSIGNMENT BUT SOMETHING
GUILT OF THE KIND
IS ACTUALLY A SENSE OF
SOMETHING"
DESCRIBED in the last category.
rnnncrTC utc GUlLl FEELINGS
HIS filllLT r AND BLAMES
G-79
- HE FREQUENTLY PROJECTS
SOMEONE ELSE.
ALL HIS FAILURES ON
suffer and may seek danger
- he has a strong need to
G-80
OR INJURY.

G-81 - HE IS' OFTEN ACCIDENT PRONE

WRECKED BY SUCCESS:
uWFN DEALING WITH THE SUBJECT

IMPINGES UPON HIS FEELINGS

G-82 - AVOID QUESTIONING WHICH
THIS
GUILT OR THE REASONS FOR HIS PAST FAILURES.
G-83 OF ^
DISTORTIONS. THE
WILL ONLY RESULT IN SUBJECTIVE
.

ISOLATE THIS AREA OF

SUCCESSFUL "GUEST IONER" WILL
UNRELIABILITY
 .THE SCHIZOID SUBJECT
G-84
- THIS SUBJECT LIVES IN A fantasy
world host of the
wunu
G-8 S
'*
TIME. .
..

- HE OFTEN CANNOT DISTINGUISH

FANTASY FROM REALITY.
G-86
AND MEANINGLESS.
- TO HIM, THE REAL WORLD SEEMS EMPTY
G-87
- HE IS EXTREMELY INTOLERANT OF
ANY FRUSTATION THAT
G-88
WITH IT BY
OCCURS IN THE REAL WORLD AND DEALS.
WITHDRAWING INTO HIS FANTASY WORLD.

- HE HAS NO REAL ATTACHMENTS TO OTHERS.

G- 89
- ANY LINK TO A GROUP OR COUNTRY
WILL ONLY BE
G-90
TRANSITORY.
NOT WANT
- ALTHOUGH HE RETREATS FROM REALITY. HE DOES
G-91
TO FEEL ABANDONED.

G-92 - HE NEEDS EXTERNAL APPROVAL.

TO WIN APPROVAL. BUT
G-93 - HE IS LIKELY TO LIE READILY
CAPABLE OF DISTINGUISHING
BECAUSE HE IS NOT ALWAYS
HE MAY BE UNAWARE OF
LYING.
BETWEEN FACT AND FANTASY,

FOR APPROVAL PROVIDES

•he SCHIZOID SUBJECT'S DESIRE

["HE “QUESTIONER” WITH A HANDLE.

or other indications of
G-93 - avoid accusations of lying
THE
SESTEEH WHICH HAY PROVOKE WITHDRAWAL FROM
G-94 0I

SITUATION.
OUT OF THE SCHIZOID IF
HE IS
G-9 5 - THE TRUTH CAN PE TEASED
INCUR FAVOR SY LYING OR
CONVINCED THAT HE WILL NOT
TRUTH.
DISFAVOR BY TELLING THE
 96
- THE EXCEPTION
"G -
WORLD OWES HIM A
ETHis~TYPe~OF SUBJECT FEELS THAT THE
G-97
great deal.
A GROSS MISFORTUNE
- HE FEELS THAT HE HAS SUFFERED
G -98
EARLY LOSS OF A PARENT,
SUCH AS A PHYSICAL DEFORMITY,
CHILD.
OR PAINFUL ILLNESS AS A
INJUSTICE WHICH
- REGARDS THIS MISFORTUNE AS AN
HE
G-99
MUST BE RECTIFIED.
- HE CLAIMS AS HIS RIGHT, PRIVILEGES NOT PERMITTED
G-100
OTHERS.
- IF THE CLAIM IS IGNORED OR
DENIED, HE MAY BECOME
G- 101
REBELLIOUS.

HE IS LIKELY TO MAKE DEMANDS FOR MONEY, AID, AND

G- 102
OUT OF PROPORTION TO
0THeR FAVORS THAT ARE COMPLETELY «* •

THE VALUE OF HIS INFORMATION.

 . •

HANOLED BY-
THE EXCEPTION IS BEST
(WITHIN REASONABLE
grievances (W11
- listening to his
G- 105
TIMELIMITS)
to DEMANDS
demb WHICH MIGHT
replies rn
r-c-e.i r prc
^
- avoiding any ambigous
.

G- 104
acquiescence.
be interpreted as
that cannot be
discharged
- making no commitments
G-10S
fully
double
intelligence services,
- defectors from other
G- 106
if they belong
to this
agents, and provocateurs,
THE
VERY RESPONSIVE TO SUGGESTIONS FROM
CATEGORY, ARE
G- 106
-HAVE BEEN TREATED
UNFAIR BY
" QUEST IONER" that THEY

THE OTHER SERVICE-

IF HE
SENSE OF LOYALTY.
G- 107
- REMEMBER THAT HE HAS NO
IS VERY LIKELY
FEELS WRONGEDBY YOUR SERVICE, HE
COURTS. THIS SHOULD BE TAKEN
TO THE NEWSPAPERS OR
planned OPERATIONAL USE.
into account before any
 SUBJECT
THG AVERAGE OR NORMAL
G-108
no ai DP THF CHARACTERISTICS OF
iHt lhha
- MAY EXHIBIT MOST OR ALL Oh
i

G- 109
TIME TO TIME-
THE OTHER CATEGORIES FROM
persistently dominant, the --

G-110
_ 6UT none of them IS n
OF OBSTINACY OPTIMISM,
AVERAGE SUBJECT'S QUALITIES
,

ANXIETY, ETC. ARE NOT

OVERRIDING EXCEPT FOR SHORT

PERIODS OF TIME-
AROUND HIM RESULT FROM
HI - HIS REACTIONS TO THE WORLD
G-
NOT THE PRODUCT OF RIGID
EVENTS IN THAT WORLD AND ARE
WITH THE OTHER
SUBJECTIVE PATTERNS AS .IS TRUE

CATEGORIES DISCUSSED.
 planning the
-
H-0

reasons for a plan

EACH IS
A. NO TWO “QUESTIONINGS" ARE THE SAME.
OF THE SUBJECT
SHAPED DEFINITIVELY BY THE PERSONALITY
OF THE SUBJECT
ONLY WHEN THE STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES
DOES IT BECOME
HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED AND UDERSTOOD
POSSIBLE TO PLAN REALISTICALLY.

THE LONG RANGE GOAL OF THE

"QUESTIONING" IS TO
H-Z 3 .

INFORMATION THAT HE
DBTAIN FROM THE SUBJECT ALL USEFUL

TO ACHIEVE THIS, HIS CAPACITY

FOR RESISTANCE | ^
HAS.
REPLACED WITH A COOPERATIVE
H-4
ATTITUDE.

c "QUESTt ON I NO" IS AN ONGOING INTERPERSONAL PROCESS

INFLUENCES ALL
AND EVERYTHING THAT TAKES PLACE
OF
SUBSEQUENT EVENTS. CONTINUAL APPLICATION
THE SUBJECT'S ^
TECHNIQUES THAT FAIL ONLY BOLSTER
THEREFORE, IT
CONFIDENCE AND HIS ABILITY TO RESIST. .

AFTER ANOTHER UNTIL THE

IS WRONG TO TRY ONE TECHNIQUE
CHANCE. -THIS TYPE OF
PROPER METHOD IS DISCOVERED BY
FOR SUCCESS EVEN
AIMLESS APPROACH CAN RUIN THE CHANCE
ARE USED LATER.
IF PROPERLY PLANNED TECHNIQUES
 II- STEPS PRIOR TO CONSTRUCTION OF THE FLAN

H-6 A. THE SUBJECT IS SCREENED TO DETERMINE:

H-7 1. HIS BACKGROUND BIOGRAPHIC DATA WHICH IS USED"

TO CONDUCT TRACES AND VERIFY FILES HOLDINGS.

2. HIS KNOWLEDGE AB IL I TY IN RELATION TO

REQUIREMENTS. '

3. HIS PREVIOUS EXPOSURE TO M QUESTIONING” OR

DETENTION.

H-8 B. A PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT IS MADE TO DETERMINE:

4

H-9 1. INTO WHICH EMOTIONAL CATEGORY HE FITS.

2. ANY PSYCHOLOGICAL ABNORMALITIES.

3. HIS DEGREE OF WILLINGNESS TO COOPERATE.

4. WHAT HIS POTENTIAL VULNERABILITIES ARE.

5. HOW HE VIEWS HIS POTENTIAL FOR SURVIVING HIS

SITUATION.

6. WHETHER HE FEELS THAT REVEALING THE DESIRED

INFORMATION POSES A PERSONAL THREAT TO HIM.

7. WHAT COURSE OF ACTION WILL REDUCE HIS

ABILITY TO RESIST.

H- 10 C. DETAILED STUDY OF THE SUBJECT'S ORGANIZATION.

H-ll D. STUDY THE AREAS IN WHICH HE HAS OPERATED.

H-12 E. REVIEW ALL RECENT TRAVEL OF THE SUBJECT.

H- 13 F. STUDY THE SUBJECT'S PERSONAL BELONGINGS.

H- 14 G. REVIEW RELATED INFORMATION OBTAINED FROM OTHER

SOURCES.
H- IS H. WITHIN SECURITY LIMITATIONS-. CIRCULATE THE

SUBJECT'S 8 IO-DATA TO OTHER INTERESTED AGENCIES WITH A

REQUEST FOR TAILORED REQUIREMENTS.

H- 16 I. COLLATE ALL OF THE ABOVE.

III SPECIFIC DETAILS TO BE INCLUDED IN THE PLAN

THE PLAN SHOULD PREPARED SYSTEMATICALLY, BUT ALWAYS

ALLOW FOR REVISION AS THE "QUESTIONING" PROGRESSES.

THE PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT IS A CONTINUING PROCESS

AND MUST BE MODIFIED PERIODICALLY BASED UPON NEW

EVALUATIONS.

H-17 A. OBJECTIVE OF THE "QUESTIONING"

H- 18 1. WHAT INFORMATION DO WE WANT TO OBTAIN?

H- 18 2. WHY DO WE FEEL THE SUBJECT HAS THIS

INFORMATION?

H-1S - 3. HOW IMPORTANT IS THIS INFORMATION?

H- 18 4. HOW CAN THIS INFORMATION BE BEST OBTAINED?

H- 18 5. IF SPECIFIC GOALS CANNOT BE DISCERNED

CLEARLY, FURTHER INVESTIGATION IS NEEDED BEFORE

•THE "QUESTIONING" STARTS.

H- 18 6. ANY CONFUSION CONCERNING THE PURPOSE OF THE

“QUESTIONING" OR THE BELIEF THAT THE PURPOSE WILL

TAKE SHAPE AFTER THE "QUESTIONING" IS UNDER WAY,

IS ALMOST CERTAIN TO LEAD TO AIMLESSNESS ANO

FAILURE.
H- 19 8; RES I STANCE BY THE SUBJECT

K- 20 1. WHAT TYPE AND INTENSITY OF RESISTANCE IS

ANTICIPATED?

2. IS THE INFORMATION DAMAGING TO THE SUBJECT

H- 20
IN ANY WAY?

H- 20 3. CAN THE INFORMATION BE OBTAINED FROM OTHER

SOURCES?

H- 20 4. WHICH TECHNIQUES WILL PROBABLY BE MOST

SUCCESSFUL IN OVERCOMING RESISTANCE?

« •

H- 20 5. WHICH RATIONALIZATION WILL BEST AID THE

SUBJECT IN OVERCOMING HIS RESISTANCE?

H- 21 THE “QUESTIONING
*4
ROOM

H-22 1. IS THE ROOM FREE OF DISTRACTIONS?

H-22 2. ARE THE FURNISHINGS CONDUCIVE TO THE DESIRED

MOOD?

H-22 3. ARE THERE WARNING LIGHTS TO PREVENT

INTERRUPTIONS?

H-22 4. ARE THERE PROVISIONS FOR OUTSIDE VIEWING AND

RECORDING?

H-22 5. ARE THERE PROVISIONS FOR RESTRAINTS IF '

REQUIRED? •

6. ARE THERE PROVISIONS FOR REFRESHMENTS IF

REQUIRED?
 .

THE PARTICIPANTS
H-23
ALONE OR
THE SUBJECT BE "QUESTIONED"
H-24
u WILL
SUBJECTS? SEPARATE
JOINTLY WITH OTHER
A ciiqiPCT'S
SUBJEC FEELING OF
••QUESTIONING"INCREASES A
friendly AID ANU
i-a Ttrwiv v Atn AND PERMITS THE
being cut off from
-rcruMTOt IPS THAT WGUCD
NOT BE
NUMBER OF TECHNIQUES
USE OF A
POSSIBLE OTHERWISE-

in order to
produce
of two subjects
CONFR ontation
dangerous if not
admissions is especially
-QUESTIONING" SESSIONS
PRECEEDED BY SEPARATE
the
have evoked compliance prom one of
which

SUBJECTS-

there BE MORE THAN ONE "QUESTIONER"?

2 y ill*
H - 24 HAVE ROLES
HOW WILL THE. TEAM FUNCTION?
IF so.
THE "QUESTIONER"
AND REHEARSED?*
eeE N ASSIGNED
ON TWO LEVELS.
HE MUST
TO FUNCTION
MUST BE ABLE
REMAIN A
THE SUBJECT BUT
ACHIEVE RAPPORT WITH
AT A. DEEPER
OBSERVER, WHOLLY UNCOMMITTED
DETACHED
SUBJECT'S
NOTING THE StGNIFICANCE OF THE
LEVEL,
TuC PPFFCTIVENESS
EFFEC OF HIS OWN
.REACTIONS AND THE
.

performance.

WILL BE REQUIRED?
3. WHAT OTHER SUPPORT
H-24
psych.atrist. matron,
interpreter . doctor,

ANALYST , E C
t
 —

H- 24 4 HAVE POSSIBLE REASONS FOR CHANGING

“ QUEST I ONERS " BEEN ANTICIPATED ANO' PLANNED FOR"?

IF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE FIRST

“QUESTIONER" AND THE SUBJECT IS DESTROYED BY A

CHANGE IN “QUESTIONERS", THE REPLACEMENT MUST NOT'

ONLY START FROM SCRATCH BUT ACTUALLY STARTS WITH
A HANDICAP. BECAUSE THE SUBJECT'S PREVIOUS

EXPOSURE TO “QUESTIONING" WILL HAVE MADE HIM A

MORE EFFECTIVE RESISTER.

H- 24 S. HAS THE “QUESTIONER" DETERMINED. HIS

BARGAINING POSITION?

H- 24 ^ HAS—THE 1
H2U€HjT-T8NERtt- O O T AfNED-ftPPRt3VAir~FQR

A^¥^GQEF^4^E^-T€aJNiDUES==4^^

H-2S . THE .TIMING

H- 26 1. WHAT IS THE ESTIMATED TIME TO ACCOMPLISH THE

OBJECTIVES OF THE “QUESTIONING"?

H- 26 2. HOW MUCH TIME IS AVAILABLE TO THE

"QUESTIONER" FOR DETENTION OF THE SUBJECT? -

H- 26 3. HAS A COMPLETE SCHEDULE OF SESSIONS BEEN

PLANNED? "QUESTIONING" OF A RESISTANT SUBJECT

SHOULD BE DONE ON A VARYING SCHEDULE SO AS TO

DISRUPT HIS SENSE OF CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER.

DISORIENTATION WILL REDUCE HIS CAPACITY FOR

„ RESISTANCE.
H- 27 F. THG TERMINATION

1. THE TERMINATION PHASE SHOULD BE CONSIDERED

H - 28
BEFORE "QUESTIONING' 4
EVER STARTS. THE TECHNIQUES

USED AND EVEN THE OBJECTIVE OF THE “QUESTIONING"

MAY BE SHAPED BY THE PLANNED EMPLOYMENT OF THE

SUBJECT.

2. HAS-TWG¥EH9bQGTTBAErMTgGRE3S~M0N fr&EN WBLfGC D ? U'

t-jniii EST6R E^TTLti?—

H- 28 ^25. WILL HE SIMPLY BE RELEASED? IF SO, WILL HE

BE ABLE TO CAUSE EMBARRASSMENT BY GOING TO THE

NEWSPAPERS OR COURTS? SPENDING THE EXTRA TIME

WITH HIM TO REPLACE HIS SENSE OF EMPTINESS WITH

NEW VALUES CAN BE GOOD INSURANCE. WILL A

QUIT-CLAIM BE OBTAINED?

H- 28 4. *
WILL HE BE TURNED OVER TO ANOTHER SERVICE?

IF SO, HOLD TO A MINIMUM THE INFORMATION ABOUT

YOUR SERVICE AND YOUR METHODS THAT HE CAN

COMMUNICATE.

S. IS OPERATIONAL USE CONTEMPLATED? HOW WILL

H- 28 Lf, y

HE BE PHASED INTO THE OPERATION? IF HE IS TO BE

. RETURNED TO HIS ORGANIZATION TO WORK AGAINST HIS

EX-COLLEAGUES. HE MUST BE RETURNED QUICKLY SO AS

NOT TO BE MISSED. HAVE RECONTACT ARRANGEMENTS

BEEN MADE? HOW IS HE TO BE PAID?

 CONDUCTING THE "QUESTIONING"

STRUCTURE OF THE "QUEST ION I NG**

“QUESTIONING".
THERiTaRE FOUR PHASES IN A

A. THE OPENING
_
PHASE IS TO
A PRINCIPAL GOAL DURING THE OPENING
MADE DURING
CONFIRM THE PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT
OF
SCREENING AND TO GAIN A DEEPER UNDERSTANDING

THE SUBJECT. UNLESS TIME IS CRUCIAL, THE SUBJECT

INTERRUPTION. HE MAY
IS ALLOWED TO TALK WITHOUT
PREVIOUSLY
REVEAL SIGNIFICANT FACTS WHICH WERE
OVERLOOKED.

RAPPORT. A LACK OF
A SECOND GOAL IS TO ESTABLISH
WITHHOLD
RAPPORT MAY CAUSE A SUBJECT TO
FREELY.
INFORMATION THAT HE WOULD HAVE PROVIDED
SUBJECT WHO IS
ESTABLISHING RAPPORT MAY INDUCE A
TO CHANGE HIS
DETERMINED TO WITHHOLD INFORMATION
ATTITUDE. THE "QUESTIONER" SHOULD NOT BE

'DISSUADED FROM THE EFFORT TO

ESTABLISH RAPPORT BY

RIGHT MIND WOULD

THE BELIEF JHAT NO MAN IN HIS

INCRIMINATE HIMSELF. THE HISTORY OF

"QUESTIONING" IS FULL OF CONFESSIONS AND

SELF- I NCR in [NATIONS.

 -

Rf-MA IN BUSINESS-LIKE BUT

THE "QUESTIONER- SHOULD .

DRAWN INTO
ALSO FRIENDLY. HE SHOULD AVOID BEING

A CONFLICT OF
PERSONALITIES WHERE THE SELF-ESTEEM
HOSTILITY FROM THE
.OF THE SUBJECT IS INVOLVED.
CALM INTEREST IN
SUBJECT IS BEST HANDLED BY A
"WHY DON'T YOU TELL ME
what HAS AROUSED HIM, i.e.
WHAT HAS HADE YOU ANGRY?”

"QUESTIONER” TRIES
DURING THE OPENING PHASE THE
RESISTANCE BY THE
TO DETERMINE THE CAUSE FOR ANY
REASONS:
SUBJECT- USUALLY, IT IS FOR ONE OF FOUR
TO THE
1) A SPECIFIC NEGATIVE REACTION

"QUESTIONER”
COMPLIANCE WITH
2) RESISTANCE ”8Y NATURE” TO ANY

AUTHORITY.
OR
3) INFORMATION SOUGHT IS DAMAGING

INCRIMINATING.
A BELIEF IN
4, IDEOLOGICAL RESISTANCE BECAUSE OF

A CAUSE-

DURING THE OPENING

THE -QUESTIONER- WHO SENSES
A COVER STORY SHOULD
PHASE. THAT HE IS HEARING
'

TO DEMONSTRATE ITS
RESIST THE NATURAL IMPULSE
IT IS BETTER TO LEAVE
AN AVENUE OF
FALSITY.
THE SUBJECT CAN CORRECT
ESCAPE, A MEANS BY WHICH
FOOLISH.
HIS STORY WITHOUT LOOKING
 jp j-j-
jg DECIDED TO CONFRONT THE SUBJECT
WITH

PROOF OF LYING LATER DURING THE "QUESTIONING'*, IT

SHOULD BE DONE IN A MANNER SIMILAR TO CROSS

EXAMINATION IN COURT- FOR INSTANCE. A WITNESS

WOULD BE CONFRONTED WITH A LIE IN SUCH A WAY THAT

HE COULD NEITHER DENY IT NOR EXPLAIN IT. IF YOU

HAD A LETTER WRITTEN BY A WITNESS "IN WHICH HE

TAKES THE OPPOSITE POSITION ON SOMETHING HE HAS

JUST SWORN TO. YOU WOULD NOT JUST READ IT TQ HIM

*

WITH THE INQUIRY. **WHAT DO YOU HAVE TO SAY TO

THAT?** THE CORRECT METHOD WOULD BE TO LEAD THE

WITNESS INTO REPEATING THE STATEMENTS WHICH HIS

LETTER CONTRADICTS. THEN READ THE LETTER TO HIM

WITHOUT ALLOWING HIM TO EXPLAIN.

HOW LONG THE OPENING PHASE CONTINUES DEPENDS UPON

HOW LONG IT TAKES TO ESTABLISH RAPPORT OR TO

'

DETERMINE THAT COOPERATION IS UNOBTAINABLE.

THE RECONNAISSANCE
~
established and the subject
\ f rapport" has" been

is COOPERATIVE, THEN THIS PHASE CAN BE BYPASSED.

THE PURPOSE OF THE

BUT IF HE IS WITHHOLDING,
RECONNAISSANCE IS TO PROBE THE CAUSES, EXTENT,
TO DETERMINE THE
AND INTENSITY OF HIS RESISTANCE
•

KIND AND DEGREE OF PRESSURE

THAT WILL BE NEEDED

DURING THE THIRD PHASE.

during the
TWO dangers' are likely to appear
“QUESTIONER- HAS
RECONNAISSANCE. UNTIL NOW THE

NOT CONTINUED A LINE 'of

QUESTIONING WHEN
HE KEEPS COMING
RESISTANCE WAS MET , BUT NOW, AS
RAPPORT MAY BE
BACK TO AREAS OF SENSITIVITY,
ATTEMPT TO
STRAINED AND THE SUBJECT MAY

PERSONALIZE THE CONFLICT. THE “QUESTIONER" MUST

RESIST THIS ATTEMPT.

NATURAL INCLINATION TO
THE SECOND DANGER IS THE
“QUESTIONING" OVER
RESORT TO RUSES TO GET THE
.

WITH IN A HURRY. THE PURPOSE OF THE

IS TO PROBE. THE "QUESTIONER-

RECONNAISSANCE
UNTIL HE KNOWS WHAT
SHOULD RESERVE HIS FIRE-POWER

HE IS UP AGAINST.
 .

THE DETAILED
QUESTION!^
C-
i-s
IONS INCLUDE:
MAJ OR" CONS I DERAT

SPECIFIC
SPtuiri REQUIREMENTS ARE AND
aT
KNOW WHAT THE
1-6
n
WHAT QUESTIONS
YOU WANT TO USE.

the questioning focused ON THE

2) keep
1-7
p-RQU I REMENTS

WHEN.
OF WHO, WHAT.
3, COVER RLE ELEMENTS
1-8
WHERE, WHY, HOW.

KNOWLEDGE IS
DETERMINE IF THE SUBJECT'S
4)
1-9
learned indirectly, or merely
first hand,
learned indirectly, obtain
assumption. IF
set
sub-sources. IF assumption,
entities of

which it is based.
the facts upon
_

SUBJEC
CONTINUE TO REEXAMINE THE
3)
1-10 MORE AND
,-orw
history, nvPR AND OVER, IN
ove
biographic

more detail.

DISCREPANCIES NOTED IN
61 COVER GAPS OR
1-11
PREVIOUS SESSIONS.
later.
of tnp
oc i cs
TOPICS TO be explored
7) HAKE NOTES
1-12 AS THEY
TO nrcftllpT
OISEUP THE PLAN if COVERED
THEY TEND

POP UP.
CONDITION
THE ciml(rrT
SUBJECT S PSYCHOLOGICAL
'S
Q) EXPECT
1-13 YOUR TECHNIQUE
Y AN0 VARY
[CALLY
ntrflI
TO VARY- PER IOO
,
 TO THE END OF THE
1-14 „ FR0 „ THE BEGINNING
ruc- ri
SUBJECT FEEL THAT YOUR
ippT ppPL
(pi '

"QUESTIONING" MAKE THE

remained CONSTANT.
INTEREST IN HIM has

the detailed questioning,

-is
things to avoid during
1 _ _
SUBJECT TO DETERMINE YOUR
n 00 NOT ALLOW THE
I-1S
exact area of INTEREST.

SUBJECT TO DETERMINE THE

1-16 2 , DO NOT ALLOW THE

EXTENT OF YOUR KNOWLEDGE.

A LIST OF QUESTIONS
1-17 3) do NOT GIVE THE 'SUBJECT
them.
and ask him to answer

REQUIRING "YES" OR "NO"

1-13 4) DO NOT ASK QUESTIONS

answers.

"QUESTIONING" BEYOND THE

1-19 51 DO NOT PUSH THE
TIME IS ON YOUR SIDE.
RATE PLANNED. REMEMBER.

1-20 OTHER CONSIDERATIONS

1-20 ideological ARGUMENT

DISCUSS
SHOULD BE PREPARED TO
the "QUESTIONER-
TO
OFFER VALID ALTERNATIVES
THE PRINCIPLES OF AND
SELECT
IDEOLOGY THAT MOTIVATED THE SUBJECT TO
THE
COURSE OF ACTION. THE PURPOSE OF
HIS PARTICULAR
IS NOT TO PROVE
THE SUBJECT WRONG
THIS DISCUSSION
CBN USE
' TO PROVIDE HIM WITH REASONS WHICH HE
BUT
for changing sioes.
TO justify to himself
 »

BARGAINING
with the
approval to bargain
having THE PROPER
SOMETHING IN
TO BE ABLE TO OFFER HIM
SUBJECT.
WEEKS OF
FOR HIS COOPERATION CAN SAVE
EXCHANGE
THE "QUESTIONING**
effqrt . PR IOR TO CONCOCTING
AS TO WHAT
MUST BE VERY SURE
THE "QUESTIONER"
and what may not.
offers may be made

subject may ASK:

examples of what' the
you do for him if
he cooperates*?
n - WHAT can
NOT?
WHAT WILL HAPPEN TO HIM IF HE DOES
2)
FROM RETALIATION?
3, CAN YOU PROTECT HIM
1*
'CAN MAKE:
nccppq IHt -'QUESTIONER
EXAMPLES of OFFERS the
o *

D PROTECTION

2) NEW IDENTITY
country
-.) relocation to another
AGAINST FORMER
COLLEAGUES
1, CHANCE TO WORK
 N

[-22 THREATS

A THREAT IS BASICALLY A MEANS FOR ESTABLISHING A

BARGAINING PQSTION BY INDUCING FEAR IN THE

SUBJECT. A THREAT SHOULD NEVER BE MADE UNLESS IT v

-..

IS PART OF THE PLAN AND THE “QUESTIONER" HAS THE j

APPROVAL TO CARRY OUT THE THREAT. WHEN A THREAT

j

IS USED. IT SHOULD ALWAYS BE IMPLIED THAT THE <

SUBJECT HIMSELF IS TO BLAME BY USING WORDS SUCH

j

H
AS, "YOU LEAVE ME NO OTHER CHOICE BUT TO

HE SHOULD NEVER BE TOLD TO COMPLY "OR ELSE!"

EXAMPLES OF THREATS:

1) TURN HIM OVER TO LOCAL AUTHORITIES FOR LEGAL 1

ACTION

2) RETURN HIM TO HIS ORGANIZATION AFTER

COMPROMISING HIM

3) PUBLIC EXPOSURE

4) DEPRIVATIONS Q F P& '

- c
(A C- G A <2 0

5) DEPORTATION

6) CONFISCATION OF PROPERTY

74-rrrPHYS-i GA L -VTULENCE
- S \

i-a
 '

1*25 D. TH£ TERMlNAT ION

F-
THE DISPOSITION OF
•
•

5"' «£**ER E TARTS.

-£ c-.Rt; TO
rr... cc: ,cctlO:-l-
3cr‘_«‘C Tt-P
:
t.
i •
..
r; - *1

" THc.
ro
_ - FOI.^'n ,-«*•• U‘-DER
CCSS 1 CER ALL THE cr.r- -.•-"ED

gee-ion on banning.
termination- coring the

ANY POSSIBLE TPOLBLS

YO.UMUST GUARD AGAINST
vengeful subject, the best defense
caused by a
enlistment or compromise.
isPREVENTION, through

ENOS ONLY NnEN.

the DETOILEO QUESTIONING

1-24 . 1) YOU HAVE OBTAINED ALL I

2) YOU HAVE more pressing

I--3
1-26 Z) YOU ARE READY TO ADMIT
i

tii. Conclusion
has the. advantage IN
REMEMBER, the -vUsaTIO
—R all-ays
A 1

THE SUBJECT THAN

CCT'DN ING”
A "QUESTIONING
HE M-OW 3 MORE ABOUT r

,. n „T utm
, . (-wOUT
TNQWb H.n. he creates, modifies,
fHE SUBJECT
ENVIRONMENT.
AND TERMINATES THE SUBJECT'S
AMPLIFIES.
KEYS UNDER WHICH THE .
HE SELECTS THE EMOTIONAL
THE SUBJECT IS
"QUESTIONING" WILL PROCEED.
his ultimate
-QUESTIONER- CONTROLS
aware that THE
disposition.
 TECHNIQUES
NQN _ c0 GRClve
K-0

I. GENERAL
~ CONFESSONS BECAUSE
SUBJECTS MAKE AOM.SS.ONS OR
R
THEM TO
Y ARE IN a STATE OF MIND WHICH LEADS
THE
COURSE OF ACTION
LIEVE THAT COOPERATION IS THE BEST
e£
THE EFFECTIVE USE
OF the PROPER
THEM TO FOLLOW.
F0 R
THIS
WILL AID IN DEVELOPING
•QUESTIONING" TECHNIQUE

state of mind.
ARE
NON-COERCIVE -QUESTIONING- TECHNIQUES
8
B‘ fiLL
K-l
OF GENERATING
PRESSURE INSIDE
THE PRINCIPLE
e fiseD ON
OUTSIDE FORCE.
WITHOUT THE APPLICATION OF
TH E SUBDECT
by manipulating
him
THIS is ACCOMPLISHED
SAPPED AND HIS
UNTIL HIS RESISTANCE IS
PSYCHOLOGICALLY
FORTIFIED.
URGE TO YIELD IS

-QUESTIONING:
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MOST
c
EFFECT THE
DEPENDS UP» THEIR UNSETTLING
TEC HNIQUES
TO MOST
PROCESS ITSELF IS UNSETTLING
•QUESTIONING-
first time. THE
people encountering it for the

EMOTIONAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL

AADICALLY THE familiar
sueJECT.
associations of the
 IS ACHIEVED, the
SUBJECT'S
T -r.i ipT I ON
0. ONCE THIS DISRUPTION
" IMPAIRED.
inr HE EXPERIENCES A
RESISTANCE IS cCC r n( iSLY
SERIOUSLY
• .

LAST
PSYCHOLOG I CAL
SHOCK, WHICH HAY ONLY
K, N0 OF
OPEN TO
BUT DURING WHICH HE IS FAR MORE
BRIEFLY,
THAN HE WAS
AND FAR LIKELIER TO COMPLY.
SUGGESTION
THE SHOCK.
BEFORE HE EXPERIENCED
A FEELING
PREQUENTLY THE SUBJECT WILL EXPERIENCE
g.
THESE
IF THE •QUESTIONER" CAN INTENSIFY
OF GUILT.
SUBJECT'S
WILL INCREASE THE
GUILT FEELINGS, IT
ESCAPE.
AND HIS URGE TO COOPERATE AS A HEANS OF
ANX IETY

ALWAYS LIES WITH THE

F. THE INITIAL ADVANTAGE
KNOWS A GREAT DEAL
"QUESTIONER". FROM THE OUTSET, HE
ABOUT
ABOUT THE SUBJECT THAN THE SUBJECT KNOWS
h0 RE
he IS ABLE TO MANIPULATE' THE SUBJECT' S
HIM.
UNPLEASANT 0R=tNM tZSA6fc
e
ENVIRONMENT, TO CREATE

STATIONS,
T^S^^ATTE^R-TI^RAOe^
THE SUBJECT IS VERY MUCH AWARE
3EHGQRY-AERCERTTON.
DISPOSITON.
"QUESTIONER" CONTROLS HIS ULTIMATE
THAT THE

IN TECHNIQUES IS LIMITED
e THE NUMBER OF VARIATIONS
OP THE
gilLY BY THE EXPERIENCE AND IMAGINATION
EXPERIENCED
THE SUCCESS AND SKILL OF AN
"QUESTIONER".
TECHNIQUE
LIE 'IN HIS ABILITY TO HATCH THE
"QUESTIONER"
HIS
OP THE SUBJECT AND
SELECTED to the PERSONALITY
THE MOMENT OF SHOCK.
RAPID EXPLOITATION AT
 VARIOUS
aHOULO NQT TRY
THa QUEaTt
H - ."
WORKS. tHSUSSOF
techniques until «
„ 0 NE THAT
the
ELF increase
TECHNIQUES WILL «
UNSUCCESSFUL
StST.
to R£ ‘J
suB j e crs
«U. »“ ««-«"
SUBJECT
THE "QUESTIONER-. A
OPINION OF
THS ori
IP IN THE mtthSTAND ALL
t
determination TO withstan
HAS. THE
WILL and
uill A THEM
It
fi£TTER TO AVOID
IS better
techniques,
non-coercive
COtfPt-£TELY.

techniques
•

APPROACH
the OIRECT
TO CONCEAU
THE
„„
“QUESTIONER m .
keb
HAKES no- EFFORT
THE f66L9 THE
- BECAUSE

PURPOSE nc M
OF THE uu
“QUESTIONING
oes i STANCE#
RESISTANCC.. ITS
n „-
OFFER H LITTLE
tITTU OR NO
subject, mu. UIT-.
it is SIHPUE and takes
ra is
ADVANTAGE ,= that
THAT l
L0W LEVEL
•

PROVEN EFFECTIVE
rlME IT HAS IT
SECURITY TRAINING.
'
, t tlE OR
UITTU NO
SOURCES WITH PROVEN -
cuSJECT
- SUBJEC WHO HAS RRuvcN .

WITH A
,S ALSO USED
SESSION.
A PREVIOUS
a PREVI
'

OOOPERAT IVE OURING

. *

•.’going next
door

^formation necded from a

INFO*
OCCASIONALLY THE
.

B1(;rT IS obtainable FROM

resistant SUBJECT MUS‘
the -QUESTIONER
source.
- hope milling ooal
itself
whether the inforhahon
decide FOR
c 1 nM IS ESSENTIAL
confess f
a
OR whether
•
’ CONSIDERATIONS.
OPERATIONAL
NOBODY LOVES YOU

INFORMATION OF NO
A SUBJECT WHO IS WITHHOLDING
SOMETIMES BE
GRAVE CONSEQUENCE TO HIMSELF MAY
THAT EVERYTHING
PERSUADED TO TALK BY POINTING OUT
FROM PERSONS
CONCERNING HIS CASE HAS BEEN LEARNED
THE SUBJECT OWES
WHO MAY BE BIASED OR MALICIOUS.
"QUESTIONER** HEARS
IT TO HIMSELF TO BE SURE THE
MAY BE
BOTH SIDES OF THE STORY, OR ELSE HE
ENEMIES
SENTENCED ON THE TEST IMONY OF PERSONAL
_

WTTHQUT A WORD IN HIS OWN DEFENSE.

WE KNOW EVERYTHING

SUBJECT THAT HE
THE "QUESTIONER EXPLAINS TO THE
-

PURPOSE OF THE
ALREADY KNOWS EVERYTHING, THAT THE
-QUESTIONING" IS NOT TO GAIN INFORMATION, BUT TO
ETC,) OF
TEST THE SINCERITY (HONOR, RELIABILITY,
THEN ASKS
THE SUBJECT, THE "QUESTIONER"
IF THE SUBJECT
QUESTIONS BASED ON KNOWN DATA.
AND DISPASSIONATELY
LIES. HE IS INFORMED FIRMLY

THAT HE HAS LIED.

 CONTAINING ALL
CAN BE PREPARED
A FILE OR DOSSIER
CONCERNING THE SUBJECT OR
AVAILABLE INFORMATION
WITH EXTRA
ORGAN ZAT ION. IT CAN BE PADDED
HIS I

give the .elusion

that it
paper, IF necessary, to
IT
IS ACTUALLY THERE.
CONTAINS MORE DATA THAN
SUCH AS. “EDUCATION,
SHOULD HAVE INDEX TABS
"MILITARY
-EMPLOYMENT". -CRIMINAL RECORD".

SERVICE” . ETC-

THE SUBJECT WITH

THE
THE "QUESTIONER" CONFRONTS
HAS A COMPLETE
DOSSIER AND EXPLAINS-THAT HE
HAPPENING IN THE
RECORD OF EVERY SIGNIFICANT
READ A FEN SELECTED
SUBJECT'S LIFE. HE HAY EVEN
FURTHER IMPRESS THE
BITS OF INFORMATION TO

SUBJECT.
* /

“QUESTIONER-
MANIPULATING THE KNOWN FACTS. THE
eY
A NAIVE SUBJECT
THAT ALL
MAY BE ABLE TO CONVINCE
RESISTANCE
AND THAT FURTHER
HIS SECRETS ARE OUT
DOES
,s POINTLESS.
HOWEVER, IF THIS TECHNIQUE
THE
QUICKLY, IT MUST BE DROPPED BEFORE .

NOT WORK
LIMITS OF THE
SUBJECT LEARNS THE TRUE
-QUEST I ONER'S” KNOWLEDGE.
'
DOUBLE INFORMERS

IS A
IN A SUBJECT’S CELL
PLANTING AN INFORMANT
WELL KNOWN IS THE TRICK
WELL-KNOWN TRICK. .LESS
INFORMANTS (A J, B> IN THE
SANE
OF PLANTING TWO
PRY A LITTLE
r en NOW AND THEN. "A" TRIES TO
AT THE PROPER
INFORMATION FROM THE SUBJECT.
ABSENCE, -e- WARNS THE
TIME, and DURING A’S
BECAUSE "B~
SUBJECT NOT TO TELL "A" ANYTHING
INFORMANT.
SUSPECTS HIM OF BEING AN
«

INFORMANT MAY
(SUSPICION AGAINST A SINGLE
SHOWS THE SUBJECT A
SOMETIMES BE DISPELLED IF HE
-found- AND
hidden microphone that he has
WHISPERS AT THE
SUGGESTS THAT THEY TALK ONLY IN

OTHER END OF THE ROOM)

NEWS FROM HONE

CAREFULLY SELECTED
ALLOWING A SUBJECT TO RECEIVE
CREATE AN EFFECT
LETTERS FRON HOME CAN HELP
FOR EXAMPLE, THE
DESIRED BY THE -QUESTIONER*'.
THAT HIS RELATIVES ARE
SUBJECT NAY GET THE IDEA
A SUGGESTION AT THE
'UNDER DURESS OR SUFFERING.
ION OR CONFESSION
PROPER TINE. THAT HIS COOPERAT
'

NAY BE EFFECTIVE.
CAN HELP PROTECT THE INNOCENT
 i

THAT LETTERS
row BE LED TO BELIEVE
IF THE SUBJECT CAN
en ni!T WITHOUT
w THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE
CAN BE SMUGGLED OUT
HE WRITES MAY PRODUCE
AUTHORITIES, the LETTERS
DIFFICULT TO EXTRACT BY
INFORMATION WHICH IS

direct questioning.

6- THE WITNESS
K-8
an inner
witness can be escorted into
u ft

in an outer
office
office past the subject
OTHER.
ALLOWING -THEN TO SPEAK TO EACH
WITHOUT
in from
an hour, a stenographer is called
after
is
office, to give the impression she
the outer
AND
SHE LATER RE-EMERGES
TAKING a rTATCMPWT
STATEMENT. SMC.
office. SHE
in the outer
.

types the statement

as legal
to come in to act
'
telephones for someone
into the
nes S and takes the completed work
„ IT :

EMERGES AND
INNER OFFICE. THEN THE -QUESTIONER-
back.™
the guard to take the subject
- instructs
MORE.^
STATING, "WE DON'T NEED HIM ANY
HIS CELL
ON TELLING HIS SIDE
.

SUBJECT INSISTS
evEN IF THE
THE
TOLD TO RELAX BECAUSE
OF THE STORY, HE IS
OR
WILL GET AROUND TO HIM TOMORROW
'..QUESTIONER"

THE NEXT DAY.

 ?

WITNESS CAN SOnETtnES BE

, A COOPERATIVE
THE SUBJECT.
COACHED TO EXAGGERATE
MATTER AT
a WORSE CRIME THAN THE
0B ACCUSE him OE
remarks EROM A
upon hearing these
hand,

provide. himself ui
guilt in order TO
T he lesser

an alibi -

THE
WITNESS REFUSES TO DENOUNCE
3. IF THE
..QUESTIONER- ELICITS AND RECORDS
SUBJECT , THE
DENOUNCING SOMEONE ELSE KNOWN
RENARKS EROM HIM
RECENTLY
EXAMPLE, CRIMINAL WHO WAS
A CRIMINHu
HIM, FOR
WITH
COURT. DURING THE NEXT SESSION
CONVICTED IN
AS NECESSARY
THESE REMARKS. EDITED
THE SUBJECT.

REMARKS’.
SUBJECT OF THE
that HE IS THE
.

.
1-9
 JOINT SUSPECTS (AKA 01 VIDE AND CONQUER)

OF JOINT
IF TWO OR MORE SUBJECTS ARE SUSPECTED
IMMEDIATELY.
COMPLICITY. THEY SHOULD BE SEPARATED

IF TIME PERMITS. "QUESTIONING** SHOULD BE

POSTPONED FOR ABOUT A WEEK. ANY ANXIOUS

MET WITH A
INQUIRIES FROM ONE SUBJECT SHOULD BE
DUE TIME.
REPLY SUCH AS. "W£*LL GET TO YOU IN
THERE'S NO HURRY NOW!". IF DOCUMENTS, WITNESSES,
SUBJECT
OR OTHER SOURCES YIELD INFORMATION ABOUT
"-8", SUCH INFORMATION -SHOULD BE ATTRIBUTED TO

SUBJECT "A" TO GIVE "B" THE IMPRESSION THAT

“A"

IS TALKING.

OF THE FACTS
IF THE "QUESTIONER** IS QUITE CERTAIN
EITHER
BUT CANNOT SECURE AN ADMISSION FROM
PREPARED
SUBJECT, A WRITTEN CONFESSION MAY BE
THE
WITH A’S SIGNATURE REPRODUCED ON IT.

BUT
-CONFESSION CONTAINS ALL THE SALIENT FACTS
IT SHOWS THAT "A“ IS
THEY ARE DISTORTED.
ATTEMPTING TO THROW THE ENTIRE BLAME ON "B .

IF "A" IS
(EDITED TAPE RECORDINGS WHICH SOUND AS

DENOUNCING **B“ CAN ALSO ACCOMPLISH THE SAME

PURPOSE)

ALSO BE
THE INNER-AND-OUTER OFFICE ROUTINE MAY
1

EMPLOYED WITH "A". THE WEAKER. BEING BROUGHT INTO

THE INNER OFFICE. AND GIVING

“6" IN THE OUTER

OFFICE THE IMPRESSION HE IS TALKING.

 .

is fairly certain that -b-

when th£ -questioner"
HAS BROKEN DOWN AND TOLD
,s CONVINCED THAT "A"
"8", "SINCE "A" HAS COOPERATED
HIS STORY HE TELLS
oc pci FflQpn BUT IT SEEHS THAT
uui
WITH US, HE WILL BE RELEASGU,
i i

AND FEELS THAT YOU

HE WAS PRETTY ANGRY WITH YOU
EVEN GO BACK TO
GOT HIM INTO THIS JAM, HE MIGHT
HAVEN'T RETURNED
YOUR SUPERIORS AND SAY THAT YOU
AND WORK
BECAUSE YOU HAVE DECIDED TO STAY HERE

FOR US. WOULDN'T IT BE BETTER FOR YOU IF I SET

IT BE BETTER TO
YOU BOTH FREE TOGETHER? WOULDN'T 4

TELL ME YOUR SIDE OF THE STORY?**

M
SUCH GAMBITS, **A BE
IT IS IMPORTANT THAT IN ALL
AND
THE WEAKER OF THE TWO, EMOTIONALLY
PSYCHOLOG I C ALLY

AND FOE)
K-10 JOINT ’‘QUESTIONERS** (AKA FRIEND

’’QUEST IONERS**
THE COMMONEST OF THE JOINT
’’FRIEND AND FOE** ROUTINE. THE
TECHNIQUES IS THE
TWO "QUESTIONERS** DISPLAY
OPPOSING PERSONALITIES
FOR EXAMPLE
AND ATTITUDES TOWARD THE SUBJECT.
AN UNSYMPATHETIC
•
THE FIRST "QUESTIONER" DISPLAYS
HE MAY BE BRUTAL,
ATTITUDE TOWARD THE SUBJECT.
ANGRY, OR DOMINEERING. HE MAKES IT PLAIN THAT HE
PERSON ON EARTH.
CONSIDERS THE SUBJECT THE VILEST
TO ALIENATE THE SUBJECT. AT THE
HIS GOAL IS

SECOND "QUESTIONER**
HEIGHT OF TNG ALIENATION. THE
OUT OF THE ROOM.
TAKES OVER, SEND [NG THE FIRST
 A
SECOND "QUESTIONER" THEN O.SFLAVS
THE
TOWARD THE SUBSECT, perhaps
svnpathet.c attitude
A CIGARETTE.
HE EXPLAINS
OFFERING HIM COFFEE AND
ONER" WERE
THE FIRST "QUEST I
THAT THE ACTIONS OF
urq LACK
_ ncr HIS OF KNOWLEDGE IN
arv Uf
largely THE RESULT OF
i

lack OF .human
dealing with people and
WOULD KEEP
SENSITIVITY. IF BRUTES LIKE THAT

FAIR CHANCE TO TELL HIS

QUIET AND GIVE A MAN A
ETC.
SIDE OF THE STORY. ETC..

INCLINED TO HAVE A
THE SUBJECT IS NORMALLY
THE SECOND
FEELING OF GRATITUDE TOWARDS
A
,
“QUESTIONERS WHO CONTINUES TO DISPLAY
EFFORT TO ENHANCE THE
SYMPATHETIC ATTITUDE IN AN
WHICH UJLL FOLLOW.
RAPPORT FOR THE -QUESTIONING"
FADE,
THE SUBJECT’S COOPERATIVENESS BEGINS TO
lP
CAN STATE THAT HE
CANNOT
THE SECOND "QUESTIONER"
SOURCES WHO FAIL TO
AFFORD TO WASTE TIME ON
THE FIRST "QUESTIONER-
COOPERATE AND IMPLY THAT
THE "QUESTIONING"
MIGHT RETURN TO CONTINUE

IS EMPLOYED AGAINST THE

WHEN THIS TECHNIQUE j

normally GAIN THE SOURCE’S

proper source. IT will |

WORKS BEST WITH WOMEN. ,

COMPLETE COOPERATION. IT
#

TEENAGERS. AND TIMID HEN.

J-ll
 4^
K-U J IVAN IS A DOPE

IT MAY BE USEFUL TO POINT OUT TO A SUBJECT THAT

HIS COVER STORY WAS ILL CONTRIVED, THAT HIS

ORGANIZATION BOTCHED THE JOB, THAT IT IS TYPICAL

OF HIS ORGANIZATION TO IGNORE THE WELFARE! OF ITS

MEMBERS. THE “QUESTIONER” EXPLAINS THAT HE HAS

BEEN IMPRESSED BY THE SUBJECT'S COURAGE AND

INTELLIGENCE AND BLAMES THE SUBJECT'S SUPERIORS

FOR THE FIX HE IS IN. HE SELLS THE SUBJECT ON

THE IDEA THAT HE IS A TRUE FRIEND, WHO

UNDERSTANDS THE SUBJECT AND WILL LOOK AFTER HIS

WELFARE.

K-12 K. UNANSWERABLE QUESTIONING

A SUBJECT IS SYSTEMATICALLY AND PEF^S ISTENTLY

QUESTIONED ABOUT MATTERS OF HIGH POLICY, PERSONS

OF PROMINENCE. TECHNICAL DETAIL, ETC., FOR WHICH

HE DOES NOT KNOW THE ANSWER. FOR EXAMPLE-, HE MAY

BE ASKED ABOUT KGB POLICY, THE RELATION OF. THE

SERVICE TO ITS GOVERNMENT, ITS LIAISON ' •

-
ARRANGEMENTS. ETC. WHEN HE COMPLAINS THAT HE

KNOWS NOTHING OF SUCH MATTERS, THE “QUESTIONER”

• INSISTS THAT HE WOULD HAVE TO KNOW', THAT EVEN THE

MOST STUPID MEN IN HIS POSITION KNOW. EVENTUALLY

THE SUBJECT IS ASKED A QUESTION TO WHICH HE DOES

KNOW THE ANSWER, AND HE FEELS TREMENDOUS RELIEF

AT BEING ABLE TO ANSWER THE QUESTION.

 CHECKLIST FOR THE "QUEST ON NG"
I I

I. OBJECTIVES OF THE "QUESTIONING"

A. WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF THE "QUESTIONING"?

6. IS THIS A VALID REASON FOR "QUESTIONING"?

C. IS THIS "QUESTIONING" NECESSARY OR CAN THE

INFORMATION BE OBTAINED FROM OTHER SOURCES?

TI. LIMITATIONS ON CONDUCTING THE "QUEST IONING"

A. IS THE SUBJECT TO BE ARRESTED? BY WHOM? TS THE

ARREST LEGAL? IF DIFFICULTIES DEVELOP, WILL THE

ARRESTING LIAISON SERVICE REVEAL YOUR INTEREST OR ROLE?

B. IF THE SUBJECT IS TO BE DETAINED, HOW .LONG MAY HE

LEGALLY BE DETAINED?

C. HAVE ALL LOCAL LAWS AFFECTING THE CONDUCT OF A

JOINT OR UNILATERAL EXPLOITATION BEEN COMPILED AND

CONSIDERED?

L-I
 u

the SUBJECT
HI. ASSESSMENT OF
pertinent information about
A> HAS ALL AVAILABLE.
_ rtcccMPLED AND STUDIED?
ASSEMBLE. '

the subject been

.

APPROPRIATE DOCUMENT- carried by the

e. HAVE ALL
TO TECHNICAL analysis?
SUBJECT BEEN SUBJECTED
ON THE
BACKGROUND CHECKS AND TRACES been RUN
HAVE
ASSOCIATED WITH him by
SUBJECT AND PERSONS CLOSELY
ties?
emotional, family OR business

FIDES BEEN VERIFIED?

D. HAVE the SUBJECT'S BONA

SCREENED? WHAT ARE HIS

e . HAS THE SUBJECT BEEN
OF THE
PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS? IN WHICH
HAJOR
OOES HE BELONG?
NtN e MAJOR CATEGORIES

THE SUBJECT WILL BE

P. [S IT ANTICIPATED THAT
IF RESISTANCE IS EXPECTED,
COOPERATIVE OR RESISTANT?
SOURCE: FEAR, PATRIOTISM,
NHAT IS ITS PROBABLE
RELIGIOUS CONVICTIONS,
POLITICAL CONVICTIONS,
CONSIDERATIONS?
STU POORNESS, PERSONAL

PREVIOUSLY? IS
HAS THE SUBJECT BEEN -QUEST IONED"
s .

HOSTILE
ABOUT SOPHISTICATED
HE KNOWLEDGEABLE

QUESTIONING" TECHNIOUES?
IV. planning THE -eueSTIONING_

A. HAS a plan been prepared?

SPECIAL
8. IF THE SUBJECT IS TO EE SENT TO A
the facility chief been
FACILITY, has the approval of

OBTAINED?

THE SUBJECT IS TO BE DETAINED ELSEWHERE,

i.e.
c. IF

A SAFEHOUSE. HAVE ARRANGEMENTS BEEN MADE TO FEED. BED.

AND GUARD HIM AS NECESSARY?

D. IS AN APPROPRIATE SETTING FOR THE "QUESTIONING”

AVAILABLE?

£ IS THE ENVIRONMENT WHERE THE SUBJECT IS TO BE

YOUR MANIPULATON
DETAINED AND "QUESTIONED” FULLY UNDER

AND CONTROL?
• •

FACILITIES
WILL THE DETENTION AND '"QUEST ON I NG
'*
I
F.

TIME ESTIMATED AS
BE AVAILABLE FOR THE ENTIRE

NECESSARY TO COMPLETE THE EXPLOITATION-

VIDEO TAPED? IS
G. WILL THE SESSIONS BE RECORDED OR
INSTALLED?
THE EQUIPMENT AVAILABLE AND

"QUESTIONING” IS TO BE CONDUCTED JOINTLY

H . IF THE
CONSIDERATION BEEN
WITH A LIAISON SERVICE, HAS DUE
AFFORDED TO ACQUIRE
GIVEN TO THE OPPORTUNITY THUS
WHILE
qpDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT THAT SERVICE

MINIMIZING EXPOSURE OF YOUR OWN SERVICE?

i
 •

FOLLOWING CRITERIA:
ones THE -QUESTIONER" MEET THE

X - ADEQUATE TRAINING AND EXPERIENCE-.

FAMILIARITY WITH THE LANGUAGE TO BE USED?

— KNOWLEDGE OF GEOGRAPHICAL AND CULTURAL AREAS?

-/
A * PSYCHOLOGICAL UNDERSTANDING OF THE SUBJECT? •

CALLED FOR IN
j IF MORE THAN ONE -QUEST I ONER" IS

THE PLAN ,
HAVE ROLES BEEN ASSIGNED AND SCHEDULES

PREPARED?

WITH
K. WHICH TECHNIQUES HAVE BEEN SELECTED FOR USE

THE SUBJECT?

1. HOW WELL DO THEY MATCH THE SUBJECT'S

4.
PERSONALITY?

SOLITARY CONFINEMENT TO BE USED? DOES

2. IS
ELIMINATION
THE PLACE OF CONFINEMENT PERMIT THE

OF SENSORY STIMULI?

ARE THREATS TO BE USED? AS PART OF A PLAN?

3.
MATCH THE
•
DOES THE NATURE OF THE THREAT
PERSONALITY OF THE SUBJECT?

HAVE
ARE COERCIVE TECHNIQUES TO BE USED?
OF COMMAND
ALL SUPERVISORS IN YOUR DIRECT CHAIN
HAS
- BEEN NOTIFIED AND GIVEN APPROVAL?
HEADQUARTERS GIVEN APPROVAL?
V. CONOUCTING the "QUEST QNlNG" I

A. DURING the opening phase, is there- an enotignal

-reaction ON either your part
or that of the subject
WHICH is STRONG ENOUGH TO
DISTORT THE RESULTS? ip c;
0
CAN YOU BE REPLACED WITH
ANOTHER "QUEST ONER"? I

9. DOES YOUR IMPRESSION OF THE

SUBJECT CONFIRM OR
CONFLICT WITH THE PRELIMINARY
0. ASSESSMENT? IF THERE
ARE SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES,
HOW DO THEY AFFECT THE
PLAN FOR THE REMAINDER OF THE
"QUESTIONING”?

C- HAS RAPPORT BEEN ESTABLISHED?

HAVE THE SUBJECT'S EYES,

MOUTH, VOICE, GESTURES,
SILENCES, ETC. SUGGESTED
AREAS OF SENSITIVITY?
IF SOf
ON WHAT TOPICS?

£. HAS THE .OPENING PHASE

BEEN FOLLOWED -BY A
RECONNA SANCE?I

1. WHAT ARE THE LEY AREAS

OF RESISTANCE?

2. WHAT TECHNIQUES AND HOW

MUCH PRESSURE WILL
BE REQUIRED TO OVERCOME THE
RESISTANCE?

3. 'SHOULD THE ESTIMATED DURATION

OF THE
"QUESTIONING!" &C REVI.SED?

4 -
further arrangements necessary
flRe
for
CONTINUED DETENTION, L,A IS
ON SUPPORT OR OTHER
PURPOSES?

L-5
 ,p the subject is
suspected of malingering. are
P.
available?
the services OF an EXPERT

ASSOCIATION
G. IF THE SUBJECT HAS ADM TTED PRIOR
I

HAVE FULL DETAILS'-.

WITH A FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE SERVICE.

been obtained and reported?

session?
H. ARE reports being made after each

TERMINATING THE “QUESTIONING"

BEEN MET?
"7 HAVE~THE OBJECTIVES of THE "QUESTIONING"
4

BEEN PREPARED?
8. .HAS A COMPREHENSIVE SUMMARY REPORT

RESEARCHED
C. HAVE ADMISSIONS BY THE SUBJECT BEEN

AND VERIFIED?

0. IF DECEPTION IS DETECTED - RESUME THE .

"QUESTIONING"!

EXPLOITATION AND DISPOSAL

_
TO BE MADE
A~ WHAT DISPOSITION OF THE SUBJECT IS

AFTER "QUESTIONING" ENDS?

 7

I- if the subject is suspected of being a

hostile agent, ano he has not CONFESSED, UHAT

MEASURES WILL BE TA1- EN TO ENSURE THAT HE IS NOT

ALLOWED to operate as before?

2. IF THE SUBJECT IS TO BE USED OPERATIONALLY,

WHAT EFFECT (IF ANY) WILL THE "QUESTIONING” HAVE

UPON THE OPERATION?

IF THE SUBJECT IS TO BE TURNED OVER TO

ANOTHER SERVICE, HOW MUCH WILL HE BE ABLE TO
, «
TELL
THEM ABOUT YOUR SERVICE AND METHODS?

4. IF THE SUBJECT IS TO BE TURNED OVER TO THE

COURTS FOR PROSECUTION, WILL HE BE ABLE TO CAUSE

EMBARRASSMENT TO YOUR SERVICE BECAUSE OF HIS

DETENTION AND "QUESTIONING"?

&. HAVE ANY PROMISES BEEN MADE TO THE SUBJECT WHICH

ARE UNFULFILLED WHEN "QUESTIONING" ENDS? IS HE
VENGEFUL OR LIKELY TO STRIKE BACK? HOW?

C. HAS A QUIT-CLAIM BEEN OBTAINED?

^* IF PSYCHOLOGICAL REGRESSION WAS INDUCED

IN THE
SUBJECT DURING THE “QUESTIONING" PROCESS. HOW IS IT
PLANNED TO RESTORE HIM TO HIS ORIGINAL MENTAL
CONDITION?

E- WAS THE “QUESTIONING" SUCCESSFUL? WHY?

F- A FAILURE? WHY"7

L—
 REPORTING

I .
general
IS NOT AN END IN
REMEMBER THAT THE -'QUESTIONING**
j IT IS ONLY ONE PART OF THE INTELLIGENCE CYCLE.
NAY 6E,
REGARDLESS OF HOW SUCCESSFUL THE “QUESTIONING
THE PURPOSE
IT IS WORTHLESS UNTIL REDUCED TO WRITING.
OBTAINED
OF A REPORT IS TO RECORD THE INFORMATION

DURING “QUESTIONING** FOR FUTURE REFERENCE, ANALYSIS

AND DISSEMINATION.

1 1 . RAW NOTES

A. RAW NOTES INCLUDE:

- WRITTEN NOTES MADE DURING THE “QUESTIONING**.

- AUDIO AND VIDEO RECORDINGS OF THE “QUESTIONING”
- ANY DOCUMENTS THE SUBJECT WAS REQUIRED
TO FILL

OUT.

B. THE "QUESTIONER'' S" WRITTEN NOTES:

- SHOULD BE BRIEF.
- SHOULD BE MADE AS SURREPTITIOUSLY AS
POSSIBLE.

- SHOULD BE LABELED WITH DATE/TIME INFORMATION.

- SHOULD NOT DIVULGE AREAS OF INTEREST BY ONLY •

TAKING NOTES ON CERTAIN TOPICS.

M- 1
 'DEVICES
jjl. USE OF RECORDING
iui A pp L Y EQUALLY TO BOTH AUOIO
THE FOLLOWING SUGGEST
devices.
AND video recording

BE AWARE THAT HE IS
BEING
THE SUBJECT SHOULD- NOT
..

A,

RECORDED.

ENTIRE “OUEST IONING-

'
e. DO NOT ATTEMPT TO RECORO THE
PURPOSE FOR DOING SO. SUCH
UNLESS THERE IS A SPECIAL
FOR SPECIAL EFFECTS.
AS LATER EDITING THE TAPE

BATTERIES BUT
c. A/C CURRENT IS PREFERABLE TO
AS BACKUP.
batteries' SHOULD BE AVAILABLE

THEN ALWAYS START EACH

D. IF YOU MUST USE BATTERIES,

SESSION WITH FRESH BATTERIES.

RECORDER IN CASE THE

E. YOU -SHOULD HAVE A BACKUP

FIRST MALFUNCTIONS.

BEFORE STARTING THE

p. PLAN FOR TAPE REPLACEMENT

SESSION.

AND ALSO RECORD 'AN

LABEL TAPES ON THE OUTSIDE
.

G.
TAPE ITSELF.
IDENTIFYING HEADER ON THE

M-2
[V< PRINCIPLES OF EFFORT WRITING
-
SHOULD BE REPORTED exactly
«77 "ActuiiAcv "’-’’ information
HEARSAY OR “GUEST I ONER"
AS OBTAINED FROti THE SUBJECT.

CONSENTS SHOULD BE IDENTIFIED AS SUCH.

BRIEF AND TO THE

B. BREVITY - THE REPORT SHOULD BE
'

REPORT THAT
POINT. NOONS WANTS TO READ A TEN PAGE
OR TWO.
COULD HAVE BEEN SUMMED UP IN ONE

BREVITY. DON'T
C. CLARITY - TAKES PRECEDENCE OVER
IT LACKS PERTINENT
MAKE THE REPORT SO BRIEF THAT
«

DETAILS'.

1. USE SIMPLE SENTENCES AND UNDERSTANDABLE

LANGUAGE.

2. BE SPECIFIC - DON'T GENERALIZE.

COMMONLY
3. AVOID ABBREVIATIONS WHICH ARE NOT

KNOWN. IT O.K. TO ABBREVIATE NAMES OF

NAME THE
ORGANIZATIONS BUT SPELL OUT THE FULL
REPORT FOLLOWED BY
FIRST TIME IT APPEARS IN THE
THEN USE THE
THE ABBREVIATION IN PARENTHESES.
REMAINDER OF THE
ABBREVIATION THROUGHOUT THE

. REPORT.

h-3
 C-RDERLY'
D. COHERENCE - REPORT ITEMS IN A LOGICAL.

sequence.

WHICH MAY BE
e. COMPLETENESS - ANSWER ALL OUESTICNS
'

REPORT NEGATIVE
ASKED BY THE READER of the REPORT.
AND DUPLICATIONS
ANSWERS to PREVENT NISUNDERSTANDINGS
* DURING SESSIONS.

F. TIMELINESS - TAKES PRECEDENCE OVER ALL OTHER

principles, you must weigh perishability of the

information against completeness, if it reaches the

4

user too late, it is of no value.

v. formats
every report
there is no set format but at a minimum
WHY, AND HOW.
SHOULD ANSWER WHO, WHAT, WHEN, WHERE.’
.

F INAL REPORT:
THE FOLLOWING are GUIDELINES FOR THE ^

A. ONE TOPIC - ONE REPORT. THIS IS A TREMENDOUS AID

IN LATER ANALYSIS, ESPECIALLY WHEN USING COMPUTERIZED

CROSS-REFERENCES OR INDEXING.

8. THE REPORT SHOULD RELATE TO SPECIFIC

REQUIREMENTS. REMEMBER THAT THE OBJECTIVE OF THE

REQUIREMENTS.
« QUESTIONING” WAS TO MEET THOSE SPECIFIC

OF THE
C . THE REPORT SHOULD INCLUDE AN ASSESSMENT

SUBJECT, HIS INTELLIGENCE, EXPERIENCE,

COOPERATI VENESS ,
AND RELIABILITY.

M-4
D. THE REPORT SHOULD INCLUDE A DISCUSSION OF THE

TECHNIQUES USED. INCLUDE ALL APPROACHES USED, HQW

USED THEM, AND WHICH TECHNIQUE BROKE THE SUBJECT.

£. THE REPORT SHOULD INCLUDE A RECOMMENDATION

(POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE) FOR ADDITIONAL "QUESTIONING"

BASED UPON THE SUBJECT'S SPECIALIZED AREAS OF
KNOWLEDGE
nonsense questioning

TWO OR MORE "QUESTIONERS'* ASK THE SUBJECT

BUT WHICH
QUESTIONS WHICH SEEM STRAIGHTFORWARD
ANY ATTEMPTED
ARE ILLOGICAL AND HAVE NO PATTERN.
RESPONSE BY THE SUBJECT IS INTERRUPTED BY
IN THIS
ADDITIONAL UNRELATED QUESTIONING.
THAT THE
STRANGE ATMOSPHERE THE SUBJECT FINDS
TO
PATTERN OF THOUGHT WHICH HE HAS LEARNED
CONSIDER NORMAL IS REPLACED BY AN EERIE
MEANINGLESSNESS.

QUESTIONING
AT FIRST HE MAY REFUSE TO TAKE THE
DAY AFTER
SERIOUSLY, BUT AS THE PROCESS CONTINUES

DAY. ITBECOMES MENTALLY INTOLERABLE AND HE

BEGINS TO TRY TO MAKE SENSE OUT OF

THE SITUATION.
f

CERTAIN TYPES OF VERY ORDERLY AND LOGICAL

AND IN THEIR
SUBJECTS BEGIN TO DOUBT THEIR SANITY
ATTEMPTS TO CLARIFY THE CONFUSION MAKE
SIGNIFICANT ADMISSIONS AND BETRAY VALUABLE

INFORMATION.
K-L4 fi. RAPID FIRE QUESTIONING

THE SUBJECT IS ASKED A SERIES OF QUESTIONS In

SUCH A MANNER THAT HE DOES NOT HAVE TIME TO

ANSWER COMPLETELY BEFORE THE NEXT QUESTION IS

ASKED. BY LIMITING THE TIME HE HAS TO FORMULATE

HIS ANSWERS. HE MAY BECOME CONFUSED AND

CONTRADICT HIMSELF. THE “QUESTIONER" THEN

CONFRONTS HIM WITH THESE INCONSISTENCIES AND IN

MANY INSTANCES, HE WILL BEGIN TO TALK FREELY IN

AN ATTEMPT TO EXPLAIN HIMSELF AND NEGATE THE

"QUESTIONER'S" CLAIM OF INCONSISTENCIES. IN

ATTEMPTING TO EXPLAIN HIS ANSWERS, HE IS LIKELY

TO REVEAL MORE THAN HE INTENDED.

III. CONCLUSION

IT MAY BE NECESSARY FOR THE "QUESTIONER" TO USE SEVERAL

TECHNIQUES TOGETHER OR IN SUCCESSION. HE SHOULD DECIDE

DURING THE PLANNING STAGE WHICH TECHNIQUES MATCH THE

PERSONALITY OF THE SUBJECT AND OF THESE, WHICH WILL WORK

WELL TOGETHER. HE MUST BE PREPARED TO MAKE A SMOOTH

TRANSITION FROM ONE TECHNIQUE TO ANOTHER AS THE SUBJECT'S

WEAKNESSES BECOME APPARENT DURING THE "QUESTIONING".

 COERCIVE TECHNIQUES

THE THEORY OF COERCION

A. THE PURPOSE OF ALL COERCIVE

TECHNIQUES IS TO
INDUCE PSYCHOLOGICAL REGRESSION
IN THE SUBJECT BY
BRINGING A SUPERIOR OUTSIDE FORCE
TO BEAR ON HIS WILL
TO RESIST. REGRESSION IS BASICALLY A LOSS
OF
AUTONOMY, A REVERSION. TO AN
EARLIER BEHAVIORAL LEVEL.
AS THE SUBJECT REGRESSES, HIS *
LEARNED PERSONALITY
TRAITS FALL AWAY IN REVERSE
CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER. H £
BEGINS TO LOSE THE CAPACITY TO
CARRY OUT THE HIGHEST
CREATIVE ACTIVITIES, TO DEAL
WITH COMPLEX SITUATIONS,
TO COPE WITH STRESSFUL
INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS, OR
TO COPE WITHREPEATED
FRUSTRATIONS. THt 0 p. fh c r.T
.=1 Pr?OP<£T(^. V 6 I l~& S
B. THERE ARE THREE MAJOR PRINCIPLES
INVOLVED IN THE
SUCCESSFUL APPLICATION OF COERCIVE
TECHNIQUES:

DEBILITY (PHYSICAL WEAKNESS)

FOR CENTURIES “QUEST I ONERS"
HAVE EMPLOYED VARIOUS
METHODS OF INDUCING PHYSICAL
WEAKNESSES:
PROLONGED CONSTRAINT; PROLONGED
EXERTION:
EXTREMES OF HEAT. COLD. OR MOISTURE:
AND ,
,

DEPRWflTtON OF FOOD OR SLEEP-A The'

J TT C v- — c <; ~rnJ<7
- 1
ASSUMPTION «F
• .

THAT L0WER ING the SUBJECT-

/
^ .

* s ‘PHYSIOLOGICAL

RESISTANCE WILL LOWER HIS

PSYCHOLOGICAL CAPACITY
FOR RESISTANCE: HOWEVER.
THERE HAS BEEN NO
SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION OF THIS
ASSUMPTION.

K— l
 2

OF
MANY PSYCHOLOGISTS CONSIDER THE THREAT
THAN
INDUCING DEBILITY TO BE MORE EFFECTIVE

DEBILITY ITSELF. PROLONGED CONSTRAINT OR

OR SLEEP,
EXERTION, SUSTAINED DEPRIVATION OF FOOD

ETC. OFTEN BECOME PATTERNS TO WHICH A SUBJECT

ADJUSTS BY BECOMING APATHETIC AND WITHDRAWING

INTO HIMSELF. IN SEARCH OF ESCAPE FROM THE

DISCOMFORT AND TENSION. IN THIS CASE DEBILITY

WOULD BE COUNTER-PRODUCTIVE.

C =^E^CA&EPUL TO MANIPULATE

ZD THE SUBJECT'S ENVIRONMENT TO DISRUPT PATTERNS,

9XCH A C
NOT TO CREATE THEM,/ A MEALS AND SLEEP -SHQUW3-OE
S0'TH2V' 6C£.n£
IRREGULARLY, IN MORE THAN ABUNDANCE OR

LESS THAN ADEQUACY, ON NO DISCERNIBLE TIME

IS POS'Z- TS
PATTERN. THIS-^BBtfftr DISORIENT THE SUBJECT AND BSC

')
q DESTROY VOS HIS CAPACITY TO
r

_ _ . . IT

- C£,?sA
r C »- T C-' ' •' <-• •

DEPENDENCY

HE IS HELPLESSLY DEPENDENT UPON THE '’QUESTIONER'

FOR THE SATISFACTION OF ALL BASIC NEEDS.

DREAD (INTENSE FEAR b ANXIETY)

SUSTAINED LONG ENOUGH, A STRONG FEAR OF ANYTHING

VAGUE OR UNKNOWN INDUCES REGRESSION. ON THE

OTHER HAND, MATERIALIZATION OF THE FEAR IS LIKELY'

TO COME AS A RELIEF. THE SUBJECT FINDS THAT HE

CAN HOLD OUT AND HIS RESISTANCE IS STRENGTHENED.

K—
 V..
V,

IF THE DEB I L I TY—

DEPENDENCY-
DREAD state is unduly prolonged,
the subject may
SINK INTO A DEFENSIVE APATHY
FROM WHICH IT IS
*1
(Arn "W'S ILLLlS'TXAlS. S IjJtl y 7UfO

L-6
II. . .OBJECTIONS TO COERCION

A* THERE IS A PROFOUND MORAL OBJECTION

TO APPLYING •
f

DURESS BEYOND THE POINT OF

IRREVERSIBLE PSYCHOLOGICAL' • -

DAMAGE SUCH. AS OCCURS DURING

BRAINWASHING,
BRAINWASHING INVOLVEs'tHE CONDITIONING
OF A SUBJECT'S •

"STIMULUS— RESPONSE BOND" THROUGH

THE USE OF' THESE SAME
TECHNIQUES, BUT THE OBJECTIVE OF
BRAINWASHING IS
DIRECTED PRIMARILY TOWARDS THE
SUBJECT'S ACCEPTANCE
AND ADOPTION OF BELIEFS,
BEHAVIOR, OR DOCTRINE ALIEN
TO HIS NATIVE CULTURAL
ENVIRONMENT FOR PROPAGANDA
__
RATHER THAN INTELLIGENCE COLLECTION
PURPOSES.
-^R Q.M'JFHTg^XT13EM Eyt^WE- -W
I-LL—NBT^TTIIgG E=:TB£E^At^
efr
•Q5H§p=ga±i3CAi^^ u ajot ezasLb,

B. A.SOME PSYCHOLOGISTS FEEL THAT

THE SUBJCT'S ABILITY
TO RECALL AND COMMUNICATE
INFORMATION ACCURATELY IS AS
IMPAIRED AS HIS WILL TO RESIST.
THJMMEfffMNMffls
Itt

H&H396S^NOT--K«aWMJHErHER-HIS-aWN .CONFESS I ON—

I S-TRUE'DR'
FSCSE HEr DQESLNEED-MASJERY—
GF—ALL—HIE—MENTAL—AND"

PftYS^CEQHEBEjfijlNaW-TlHSTOERLHE^IS^BiSRYaaB^aT-^
 ONCX^ONFESSIONIS.XefS^ED. rHg CLASS IC^AUT
r ON S
APPLY. NcHE^PgESSURES APE L
IFTEDENOUGlT^rHAr THE
SUejeCT^A^ROVIDE INFORMAJJON AS )
ACCURATELY AS
POSSI.SLE. WW, THE RELIEF GRANTED THE
SUEJECT^AT
y(is TIME FITS INTO THE "QUESTIO
ING^PLAN Hg
IS TOLD THAiyrffs CHANGED
TREATMENT Is A REWARD
FOR
truthfulness AND EV I DENCE^THAT
friendly HANDLING will
INUE AS LONG AS HE COOPERATES.

•44-f^-EUJSi
G^S==^EELiNT-aUES__
^r~^^£^rET>TNTG?DES ^HODUD-BE-RESERVED~FOR~THOSE~SUPOECTS
WHOJ«UM ESN^fiAiN g MR ^ Ha
fla
^ EvELopED _
XIIXm^ESijiTXlQtfcCOER^^
_
ttflvE
^
IQUES
L-8
IV. COERCIVE TECHNIQUES
L-S A. ARREST

THE MANNER AND TIMING OF

ARREST SHOULD PE PLANNED
TO
ACHIEVE surprise ANO THE
MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF MENTAL
DISCOMFORT. HE SHOULD THEREFORE
BE ARRESTED AT A
moment when he least expects
it and when HIS
MENTAL
and physical resistance
is at its lowest,
ideally in •

THE EARLY HOURS OF THE

MORNING. WHEN ARRESTED AT THIS
TIME, MOST SUBJECTS
EXPERIENCE INTENSE FEELINGS
OF
SHOCK. INSECURITY. AND
PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS AND
FOR
THE MOST PART HAVE
GREAT DIFFICULTY ADJUSTING
TO THE
SITUATION. IT S ALSO IMPORTANT
[
THAT THE ARRESTING
PARTY BEHAVE IN SUCH A
manner as TO IMP Ress TH£
SUBJECT WITH THEIR EFFICIENCY.

I..- 4
 .

V.. V.

L-9 B. '
DETENTION

cut hair A PERSON'S SENSE OF IDENTITY DEPENDS UPON A CONTINUITY

issue
baggy IN HIS SURROUNDINGS, HABITS, APPEARANCE, ACTIONS,
clothing
RELATIONS' WITH OTHERS, ETC. DETENTION PERMITS THE
" QUESTIONER" TO CUT THROUGH THESE LINKS AND THROW THE

SUBJECT BACK UPON HIS OWN UNAIDED INTERNAL RESOURCES.

• •

DETENTION SHOULD BE PLANNED TO ENHANCE THE SUBJECT'S

FEELINGS OF BEING CUT OFF FROM ANYTHING KNOWN AND.

-

REASSURING .
4

LITTLE IS GAINED IF CONFINEMENT MERELY REPLACES ONE

ROUTINE WITH ANOTHER. THE SUBJECT SHOULD NOT BE

PROVIDED WITH ANY ROUTINE TO WHICH" HE CAN ADAPT.

NEITHER SHOULD DETENTION -BECOME MONOTONOUS. TO THE

POINT WHERE THE SUBJECT BECOMES APATHETIC. APATHY IS

A VERY EFFECTIVE DEFENSE AGAINST " QUEST I ON I NG "

CONSTANTLY DISRUPTING PATTERNS WILL CAUSE HIM TO

-BECOME DISORIENTED AND 'TO EXPERIENCE FEELINGS OF FEAR

AND HELPLESSNESS.

IT IS IMPORTANT TO DETERMINE IF THE SUBJECT HAS BEEN

DETAINED PREVIOUSLY, HOW OFTEN, HOW LONG, UNDER WHAT

CIRCUMSTANCES, AND WHETHER HE. WAS SUBJECTED TO

"QUESTIONING". FAMILIARITY WITH DETENTION OR EVEN

WITH ISOLATION REDUCES THE EFFECT..

 ^ A

10 C. DEPRIVATION OF SENSORY STIMULI

SOLITARY CONFINEMENT ACTS ON MOST PERSONS AS A

POWERFUL STRESS. A PERSON CUT OFF FROM EXTERNAL

STIMULI -TURNS HIS AWARENESS INWARD AND PROJECTS HIS

UNCONSIGUS OUTWARD. THE SYMPTOMS MOST COMMONLY

PRODUCED BY. SOLITARY CONFINEMENT- ARE. SUPERSTITION,

INTENSE LOVE OF ANY OTHER LIVING THING, PERCEIVING

INANIMATE OBJECTS AS ALIVE, HALLUCINATIONS, AND '

"ns.lMZStAT'&iy (Sftas.nvt® 'Tfi&S. :

riCAL TO. THOSE OK SOLITARY

CONFINEMENT FO^/fHE PURPOSE OF- ••‘QUESTIONING^ HAS

BEEN 'DUPLICATED FOR SCIENTIFIC EXREfflMENT^TT^N, -A

NUMBER EXPERIMENTS HAVEBI

be-t1 ACED„
SUBJECTS WHO VOLUNTEERED^ TO B
S
CpRIVATION TANKS.” THEY WERE SUSPENDED IN WATER AND

WORE BLACK— OUT^i^KS^WH I CH'^N^OSEDT^HE ENTIRE

AND ONLY/^LLOWED B^EATtHING. THEY HEARDH3NLY THEJ-R <^N

s y \ ... \ v-

BREATH ING/^ND^SOME FAIKT SOUNDS OF WATERJ^Otf THE

FTPIj'JG'f

Vo ^..P^olo^O Sour'aM
"VaR pi\RRo
<3^«iTiaN.M,< V.O ifl-T£S POUO/,
IW.ShftT'ON W

K’—
 — C

"IQ^^yMMARITE—THE- RESULTS -GF—THESE—E-XPSRTM ENTS-:

1) A deprivation of sensory STIMULI INDUCESASTRESS and •

y M'i>
IS.: a FtRfr ol^' ToOTu^7.
'
TTS
ANXIETY/V^HS^SgS=ee«PL£TS-^g^ep^^T<SNf=THE= MQftE :
A CrtLf .

DEEPLY HIE— UCEHiOT^HYj^ET^

::: '
Ri61TT BIrY TTNS
:

y JLffI^S V <?d ft CJLj

\2) THE. STRESS AND ANXIETY BECOME UNBEARABLE FOR MOST

SUBJECTS. THEY HAVE A BROWING NEED FOR PHYSICAL AND

SOCIAL STIMULI. HOW MUCH THEY ARE ABLE TO STAND .

-

DEPENDsNjPON THC. PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTER lE/fcS OF THE •

INDIVIDUALS NOW LET ME REllATE THIS TO’plfe

K
-
QUESTIQNING“\SITUATIQN« AS THE "QUESTIONER* BECOMES
LINkED IN THE EJECT’S MIND WF J/HUMAN CONTACT AND

MEANINGFUL ACTIVITY, THE ANXIE LESSENS. THE

“QUESTIONER" CAN TAKE\AD VANTAGE OF THIS RELATIONSHIP
BY ASSUMING A BENEVOLEnVrOLE.

3> SOME SUBJECTS/PROGRESS IvELY LOSE TOUCH WITH

REALITY, FOCUS INWARDLY, AND PRODUCE DELUSIONS,

HALLUCINATIONS AND OTHER PATHOLOGICAL EFFECTS. . IN

GENERAL ./THE MORE WELL-ADJUSTED A SUBJECT IS, THE TlORE
HE I^AFFECTED BY DEPRIVATION. NEUROTICS AND PSYCHOTIC

SUBJECTS ARE COMPARATIVELY UNAFFECTED OR SHOW

DECREASES IN ANXIETY.
0. THREATS AND PEAK

THE THREAT OF COERCION USUALLY WEAKENS OR DESTROYS

RESISTANCE MORE EFFECTIVELY THAN COERCION ITSELF, FOR

EXAMPLE. THE THREAT TO INFLICT PAIN CAN TRIGGER FEARS

MORE DAMAGING THAN THE IMMEDIATE SENSATION OF PAIN-

IN FACT, MOST PEOPLE UNDERESTIMATE THEIR
CAPACITY TO

WITHSTAND PAIN. IN GENERAL, DIRECT PHYSICAL BRUTALITY

CREATES ONLY RESENTMENT. HOSTILITY, AND FURTHER

DEFIANCE.
* 4

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A THREAT DEPENDS ON THE

PERSONALITY OF THE SUBJECT, WHETHER HE BELIEVES THE

“QUESTIONER" CAN AND WILL CARRY OUT THE THREAT, AND ON

WHAT HE BELIEVES TO BE THE REASON FOR THE THREAT- A

THREAT SHOULD BE DELIVERED COLDLY, NOT SHOUTED IN

ANGER. OR MADE IN RESPONSE TO THE SUBJECT’S OWN

EXPRESSIONS OF HOSTILITY. EXPRESSIONS OF ANGER BY THE

"QUESTIONER" ARE OFTEN INTERPRETED BY THE SUBJECT AS A

FEAR OF FAILURE, WHICH STRENGTHENS HIS RESOLVE TO

RESIST.

A THREAT SHOULD GRANT THE SUBJECT TIME FOR COMPLIANCE

AND IS MOST EFFECTIVE WHEN JOINED WITH A SUGGESTED ;

RATIONALIZATION FOR COMPLIANCE. IT IS NOT ENOUGH THAT

A SUBJECT BE PLACED UNDER THE TENSION OF FEAR; HE MUST

ALSO DISCERN AN ACCEPTABLE ESCAPE ROUTE.

K-8
 9

THE THREAT OF DEATH HAS -BEEN -FOUND TO BE WORSE TH?

USELESS. THE PRINCIPAL REASON IS THAT IT OFTEN

'INDUCES SHEER HOPELESSNESS; THE SUBJECT FEELS THAT HE

IS AS LIKELY TO BE CONDEMNED AFTER COMPLIANCE AS '

BEFORE. SOME SUBJECTS RECOGNIZE THAT THE THREAT IS A

•
BLUFF. AND THAT SILENCING THEM FOREVER WOULD- DEFEAT THE

"QUESTIONER'S” PURPOSE.
MS- •T'UPSLA-'Ts of-
TtfZ. PRINCIPAL. [A5\
TF-A-SUBrietTr^EFU S ES—TO^QMBLJY_£]MZE_JA^FREAT==HAS BT^EN / :;=

PW-/S »C.At_ C6€jRCu 0 <V a ‘T0 4CTU /

4jABerHrr^us3iosg^FmEirmT.~"^rF~TT^ /
callthsl' <sl upf-, jp
QLG L—THEN-TrUBSEfMENy- ^IFREATS TIII^T ~ALS€I--PRQVE
:r :: ;> — *
•/
t>o LS,-AfA> Aj C.S_ SRC H S CANM#r I
liLEFTJSCTTV&r •
- _ _ ‘
.
't' jJ (? S> p=s *T C*
T<H£_ UD5L or FfSS.ftT.S'.
CuTT ]

d^LD ^SL2 u.LX |N -rKejr^TJc £A'N.//V&-

L-12 E. PAIN T<HAfv/ L.0 £ l <M£- ri^ir- CO V F P T-VC '

EVERYONE is’ AWARE THAT PEOPLE REACT VERY DIFFERENTLY ’

TO PAIN BUT THE REASON IS NOT BECAUSE OF, A DIFFERENCE

IN THE INTENSITY OF THE SENSATION ITSELF. ALL PEOPLE

HAVE APPROXIMATELY THE SAME THRESHOLD AT WHICH THEY

BEGIN TO FEEL PAIN AND THEIR ESTIMATES OF SEVERITY ARE

ROUGHLY THE SAME. THE WIDE RANGE OF INDIVIDUAL

REACTIONS IS BASED PRIMARILY ON EARLY CONDITIONING TO

‘

PAIN.'

THE TORTURE SITUATION IS AN EXTERNAL CONFLICT, A

CONTEST BETWEEN THE SUBJECT AND HIS TORMENTOR. THE

PAIN WHICH IS 'BEING INFLICTED UPON HIM FROM OUTSIDE

HIMSELF MAY ACTUALLY INTENSIFY HIS WILL TO RESIST. ON

THE OTHER HAND, PAIN WHICH HE FEELS HE IS INFLICTING

UPON HIMSELF IS MORE LIKELY TO SAP HIS RESISTANCE.

K—
 ;

FOR EXAMPLE, IF HE IS REQUIRED TO MAINTAIN RIGID

POSITIONS SUCH AS STANDING AT ATTENTION OR SITTING ON

A STOOL FOR LONG PERIODS OF TIME. THE IMMEDIATE SOURCE

OF -PFriH* IS NOT THE "QUESTIONER" BUT THE SUBJECT

HIMSELF. HIS CONFLICT IS THEN AN INTERNAL. STRUGGLE.

AS LONG AS HE MAINTAINS THIS POSITION. HE IS

ATTRIBUTING TO THE “QUESTIONER" THE ABILITY TO DO

SOMETHING WORSE. BUT THERE IS NEVER A SHOWDOWN WHERE

THE "QUESTIONER" DEMONSTRATES THIS ABILITY. AFTER A

n/
(\ f*
PERIOD OF TIME. THE SUBJECT TG-4=44>cEfcY —T€H EXHAUST HIS

INTERNAL MOTIVATIONAL STRENGTH. '

S ^ 0°'
~
r.~
ov uv as. ftftbsoT !
'
7
&.NOI >.C'r*
f*6T LOHC Mt-u.cS.
~TO P* N
|
-

A <
INTENSE PAIN IS QUITE LIKELY TO PRODUCE FALSE
CONFESSIONS, FABRICATED TO AVOID ADDITIONAL . .

PUNISHMENT. THIS RESULTS IN A TIME CONSUMING DELAY

WHILE INVESTIGATION IS CONDUCTED AND THE ADMISSIONS

ARE PROVEN UNTRUE. DURING THIS RESPITE. THE SUBJECT

CAN PULL HIMSELF TOGETHER AND MAY EVEN USE THE TIME TO

DEVISE A MORE COMPLEX CONFESSION THAT TAKES STILL

LONGER TO DISPROVE.

SOME SUBJECTS ACTUALLY ENJOY PAIN AND WITHHOLD

INFORMATION THEY MIGHT OTHERWISE HAVE DIVULGED IN

ORDER TO BE PUNISHED.
 '
IP PAIN IS NOT USED UNTIL LATE IN THE "QUESTIONING"

PROCESS AND AFTER OTHER TACTICS HAVE FAILED. THE

SUBJECT IS LIKELY TO CONCLUDE THAT THE "QUESTIONER" IS

BECOMING DESPARATE. HE WILL FEEL THAT IF HE CAN HOLD

OUT JUST A LITTLE LONGER, HE WILL WIN THE STRUGGLE AND

HIS FREEDOM. ONCE A SUBJECT HAS SUCCESSFULLY

WITHSTOOD PAIN, HE IS EXTREHELY DIFFICULT TO

"QUESTION" USING MORE SUBDUED METHODS.

L- 13 F. HYPNOSIS AND HEIGHTENED SUGGESTIBILITY

THE RELIABILITY OF ANSWERS OBTAINED FROM A SUBJECT

ACTUALLY UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF HYPNOTISM IS HIGHLY

DOUBTFUL. HIS ANSWERS ARE OFTEN BASED UPON THE

SUGGESTIONS OF THE "QUESTIONER" AND ARE DISTORTED OR

FABRICATED.

HOWEVER. THE SUBJECT’S STRONG DESIRE TO ESCAPE THE

STRESS OF THE SITUATION CAN CREATE A STATE OF MIND

WHICH IS CALLED HEIGHTENED SUGGESTIBILITY. THE

"QUESTIONER" CAN TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THIS STATE OF MIND

BY CREATING A "HYPNOTIC SITUATION", AS DISTINGUISHED

FROM HYPNOSIS ITSELF. THIS HYPNOTIC S I TUAT ION 'CAN BE

L-14 CREATED BY THE "MAGIC ROOM" TECHNIQUE-

 the subject is given
an hypnotic
FOR EXAMPLE '

IS GROWING WARM - HOWEVER.

SUGGESTION THAT HIS HAND ^
BECOME WARM WITH THE AID
OF A
HIS HAND ACTUALLY DOES
HE MAY BE GIVEN A
CONCEALED DIATHERMY MACHINE.
TASTE BITTER AND HE
SUGGESTION THAT A CIGARETTE WILL
PREPARED TO HAVE A SLIGHT
COULD BE GIVEN A CIGARETTE
taste.
but noticeably bitter

SUBJECT, OR ONE WHO HAS

a PSYCHOLOGICALLY IMMATURE
A SUGGESTION THAT HE HAS
BEEN REGRESSED, COULD ADOPT
rendered him incapable OF
been hypnotized, which has
OF
RESISTANCE. THIS RELIEVES HIM OF THE FEELING
ALLOWS HIM TO
RESPONSIBILITY FOR HIS ACTIONS AND

REVEAL INFORMATION.

L-1S H. NARCOSIS

NO DRUG WHICH CAN FORCE

EVERY SUBJECT TO
THERE IS

HE HAS, BUT JUST AS IT IS

DIVULGE ALL THE INFORMATION
THAT A SUBJECT
POSSIBLE TO CREATE A MISTAKEN BELIEF
THE " MAGIC ROOM-
HAS BEEN HYPNOTIZED BY USING
TO CREATE A MISTAKEN BELIEF
TECHNIQUE. IT IS POSSIBLE
DRUGGED BY USING THE "PLACEBO’
THAT A SUBJECT HAS BEEN

L- 16 TECHNIQUE.
 _ ufpu AS “t't TO S<">
HIGH c,c - PERCENT OF
STUDIES INOICATE THAT AS
. . -

IN THIS TECHNIQUE
INDIVIDUALS ARE PLACEBO REACTORS:
PLACEBO <A HARMLESS SUGAR
PILL.
THE SUBJECT IS GIVEN A
WHICH
WAS GIVEN A TRUTH SERUM.
AND LATER is TOLD HE
ALSO PREVENT
HAKE HIM WANT TO TALK AND WHICH WILL
w ILL
TO FIND AN EXCUSE FOR
HIS LVING. HIS OESIRE
.

AVENUE OF ESCAPE FROM

COMPLIANCE. WHICH IS HIS ONLY
BELIEVE
DEPRESSING SITUATION. MAY MAKE HIM WANT TO
HIS
BLAME
HE HAS BEEN DRUGGED AND THAT NO ONE COULD
THAT
NOW. THIS PROVIDES HIM WITH
him FOR TELLING HIS STORY
HE NEEDS FOR COOPERATING.
A RATIONALIZATION THAT

"PLACEBO- TECHNIQUE AND THE

THE FUNCTION OF BOTH THE
CAUSE CAPITULATION BY THE
"MAGIC ROOM" TECHNIQUE IS TO
SHIFT FROM RESISTANCE TO
SUBJECT, TO CAUSE HIM TO
HAS BEEN ACCOMPLISHED,
COOPERATION. ONCE THIS SHIFT
LONGER NECESSARY AND SHOULD
THESE TECHNIQUES ARE NO
TO FACILITATE THE
NOT- BE USED PERSISTENTLY
CAPITULATION.
"QUESTIONING- THAT FOLLOWS
 -

IV. REGRESSION

AS I SAID AT THE BEGINNING OF OUR DISCUSSION OF

COERCIVE TECHNIQUES, THE PURPOSE OF ALL COERCIVE

TECHNIQUES IS TO INDUCE REGRESSION. HOW SUCCESSFUL.

tHESE TECHNIQUES ARE IN INDUCING REGRESSION DEPENDS

UPON AN ACCURATE PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE
SUBJECT AND A PROPER MATCHING OF. METHOD TO SOURCE. .

/*LSO
17 THERE ARE A FEW NON—COERCIVE TECHNIQUES WHICH CAN/\B£
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PERSISTENT MANIPULATION OF TIME

B. RETARDING AND ADVANCING CLOCKS

C. SERVING MEALS AT ODD TIMES

D. DISRUPTING SLEEP SCHEDULES

E. DISORIENTATION REGARDING DAY AND NIGHT

F. UNPATTERNED "QUESTIONING" SESSIONS

G. NONSENSICAL QUESTIONING

H. IGNORING HALF-HEARTED ATTEMPTS TO COOPERATE

I. REWARDING NON-COOPERATION

SUBJECT TO
IN GENERAL, THWARTING ANY ATTEMPT BY THE

RELATE TO HIS NEW ENVIRONMENT WILL REINFORCE THE

DEEPER
EFFEC y E OF REGRESSION AND DRIVE HIM DEEPER AND
INTO HIMSELF, UNTIL HE NO LONGER IS ABLE TO
CONTROL

HIS RESPONSES IN AN ADULT FASHION.

WHETHER REGRESSION OCCURS SPONTANEOUSLY
UNDER
. CALLS
DETENTION OR-MiSd BY THE “QUEST I ONER- ,
IT

nWPD—TS-eeN^rTNUE NT-NECESi*HY
M n-r OP fli j _

APSYCHIATRIST SHOULD BE c^ZJ-S-D

&R* TCX BE EMPLOYED, JO
RESENT IF* SEVERE TECHNIQUES

INSURE, FULL REVERSAKL ATER - AS SOON '^EPOgS^BLEj THE

THE
QUESTIONER K SHOULD PROVIDE THE SUBJ^ETr^ITH
-

R^TIQNALI ZAT'TC^N THAT HE NEEDS^FppASl VING Xl

AND.

DERATING- mjS RATIONAL>^T

*
^'
TKElAtO BE 1

ELEHB^TARY, AN ADU£\t 5I0N BE A LDHOQD EXCb^E

SUCH .AS
1. ^N^iEY mKdE YOU BO IT-.*

•
2. "A^XHE OTHER BOYS, ARE. DOING IT\

3, Y^YOU' RE- REALLY A EOOdA BOY AT HEART.