DAV INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

JALANDHAR

Department of Computer Applications

Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA)

Course Title:PC Assembly & Troubleshooting Laboratory

Course Code:UGCA1920

PRACTICAL FILE
Submitted To: Submitted By:

Dr. Amit Arora Ishpreet singh

BCA (3rd sem)
2102883
3138/21
 INDEX
S. No. Practical Name Page No. Sign.

1. Assembling and De Assembling of Computer

System
2. Loading and configuration procedure of
Microsoft Client O/S Win XP /Win 7 and
Windows 8
3. Installation of utility tools (Software )

4. Installation of drivers in PC

5. Firewall configuration and Antivirus/Internet

security loading and configuration procedure
6. Installation and configuration of I/O devices –
Printers, Webcams, Scanners, Digital Camera, ,
Projectors
7. Installation and configuration of USB WiFi,
USB BT,USB storage
8. Multiple OS loading and troubleshooting
EXPRIMENT No.: 1

Aim: Assembling and De- assembling of computer system.

• De-assemble of Computer System

Recommended Tools
Safety glasses or goggles Part retriever (or tweezers or needle nose pliers)
Antistatic wrist strap Thermal compound
Antistatic mat Electronics cleaning solution
Flat head screwdrivers Can of compressed air
Phillips head screwdrivers Cable ties
Torx screwdrivers Parts organizer
Hex driver Computer with hard drive installed
Wire cutters Plastic tub for storing computer parts
Plastic Antistatic bags for electronic parts

Step 1

Turn off and disconnect the power to your computer.

Step 2

Locate all of the screws that secure the side panels to the back of the computer. Use the proper
size and type of screwdriver to remove the side panel screws.
Step 3

Put on an antistatic wrist strap. One end of the conductor should be connected to the wrist strap.
Clip the other end of the conductor to an unpainted, metal part of the case.
Step 4

Locate the hard drive. Carefully disconnect the power and data cable from the back of the hard
drive.

Step 5

Locate all of the screws that hold the hard drive in place.
Step 6

Gently remove the hard drive from the case. Look for a jumper reference chart on the hard drive.

Step 7

Locate the floppy disk drive. Carefully disconnect the power and data cable.

Step 8

Locate and remove all of the screws that secure the floppy drive to the case.

Step 9

Locate the optical drive.

Step 10

Locate and remove all of the screws that secure the optical drive to the case.

Step 11

Locate the power supply. Find the power connection(s) to the motherboard.
Step 12

Locate and remove all of the screws that secure the power supply to the case.
Step 13

Locate any adapter cards that are installed in the computer.

Step 14

Locate the memory modules on the motherboard.

Step 15

Remove all data cables from the motherboard.

Objectives :-
1 Open the case

2 Install the power supply

3 Attach the components to the motherboard and install the motherboard

 4 Install internal drives

5 Install drives in external bays

Open the Case

• Computer assembly is a large part of a technician's job.
• Prepare the workspace before opening the computer case.
• There are different methods for opening cases. To learn how, consult the user manual or
manufacturer's website.

Install the Power Supply

Power supply installation steps include the following:

1. Insert the power supply into the case.

2. Align the holes in the power supply with the holes in the case.

3. Secure the power supply to the case using the proper screws.
CPU on Motherboard
• The CPU and motherboard are sensitive to electrostatic
discharge.

• The CPU is secured to the socket on the motherboard with a

locking assembly.

Thermal compound
• It helps to keep the CPU cool.

• To install a used CPU, clean it and the base of the heat sink
with isopropyl alcohol to remove the old thermal compound.

Heat Sink/Fan Assembly

• The Heat Sink/Fan Assembly is a two-part cooling device.

• The heat sink draws heat away from the CPU.

Install RAM
• RAM provides temporary data storage for the CPU and should be
installed in the motherboard before the motherboard is placed
in the computer case.

The Motherboard

After installing the previous components the motherboard is now ready to install in the
computer case.

Install Internal Drives

Drives that are installed in internal bays are called internal drives.

HDD installation steps:

1. Position the HDD so that it aligns with the 3.5-inch drive bay.
 2. Insert the HDD into the drive bay .

3. Secure the HDD to the case using the proper screws.

Install Drives in External Bays

Drives in external bays allow access to the media without opening the case.

Some devices that are installed in this type of drives are:

• An optical drive is a storage device that reads and writes information to CDs
or DVDs.

• A floppy disk drive (FDD) is a storage device that reads and writes
information to a floppy disk.

Install Adapter Cards

Adapter cards are installed to add functionality to a computer.

Some examples of these adapters are:

• A NIC which enables a computer to connect to a network. It uses PCI and PCIe
expansion slots on the motherboard.
• A wireless NIC which enables a computer to connect to a wireless network.
• A video adapter card is the interface between a computer and a display monitor.
 Connect Internal Cables

Power cables are used to distribute electricity from the power supply to the motherboard and
other components.

Connect Internal Cables

Data cables transmit data between the motherboard and storage devices, such as hard drives.
Some of examples of this type of cables are:

• PATA cable
• SATA cable
• Floppy drive data cable

Complete Physical Installation

Now that all the internal components and the power supply have been installed and connected to
the motherboard, the following tasks should be completed:

• Re-Attach the side panels: Most computer cases have two panels, one
on each side.
• Connect External Cables: These cables are normally connected to the back
of the computer.

Boot Computer for the First Time

When the computer is booted, the basic input/output system (BIOS) will perform a power-on
self-test (POST) to check on all of the internal components.

The BIOS contains a setup program used to configure settings for hardware devices. The
configuration data is saved to a special memory chip called a complementary metal-oxide
semiconductor (CMOS).
Experiment No.2: Loading and configuration procedure of Microsoft Client O/S Win XP
/Win 7 and Windows 8

Windows 7 / 8 /10 Installation using a Disc

1. Enter your computer’s BIOS: Turn off the computer that you want to install Windows
on then turn it back on.
2. Find your BIOS’s boot options menu: The boot options menu of your BIOS may vary in
location or name from the illustration
3. Select the CD-ROM drive as the first boot device of your computer.
4. Save the changes of the settings. Press the button indicated on the screen or select the save
5. Insert the Windows 7 disc into your disc drive.
6. Start your computer from the disc. After you have placed the disc into the disc drive.

1. Choose your Windows Setup options. Once Windows Setup loads, you’ll be
presented with a window. Select your preferred language, keyboard type, and
time/currency format, then click Next.

2. Click the Install Now button.

3. Accept the License Terms. Read over the Microsoft
Software License Terms, check I accept the license terms, and
click Next.

4. Select the Custom installation.

5. Decide on which hard drive and partition you want to install

Windows on. A hard drive is a physical part of
your computer that stores data, and partitions “divide” hard
drives into separate parts.

If your computer doesn’t have any partitions yet, create one

to install Windows on it.
Select the hard drive from the list of hard drives.
Click Drive options (advanced).
Select New from Drive options.
Select the size, and click OK.
6. Install Windows on your preferred hard drive and partition.
Once you’ve decided on where to install Windows, select it and
click Next. Windows will begin installing.

7. Wait while Windows installs files. The percentage next to

Expanding Windows files will steadily increase. This part
of the processcan take up to 30 minutes.

Windows will automatically restart your computer when finished.

Setup will launch again, and a message will tell you that
Setup is updating registry settings.

Setup will then configure your computer’s services. This happens

every time you start Windows, but will happen in the
background next time.

A window will open letting you know that Windows is

completing the installation. Your computer will restart again
when this is complete.

Setup will now load drivers and check video settings. This part
does not require any input from you.

8. Enter your user name and computer name. Your username will
be used to log in to the computer and personalize your
account. Your computer name is the name that your computer
will display on the network.
 You can add more users later through the Windows 7
control panel.
Windows will ask you for a password. This is optional
but highly recommended, especially if the computer will be
accessible by users other than yourself. If you’d rather not
have a password, leave the fields blank and click Next.

9. Enter your product key. This is the 25-character key that

came with your copy of Windows. Check the “Automatically activate
Windows when I’m online” to have Windows automatically verify your
key the next time it is connected to the internet.

10. Select your Windows Update option.To make sure that your
copy of Windows runs securely and stably, it is highly
recommended that you choose one of the first two options

11. Select your date and time. These should be correct already as they
are linked to your BIOS.

12. Select network preferences. If your computer is connected

to a network, you will be given an option to identify
that network. Most users will select Home or Work network.
If your computer is being used in a public place, select Public
network. Mobile broadband users should always select Public network.
Windows will now attemptto connect your computer to
the network. This process is completely automated.
Experiment No.3: Installation of utility tools (Software )
Utility Software: Utility software is system software designed to help analyze, configure,
optimize.
Utility software usually focuses on how the computer infrastructure. Utility software, is a type of
system software, distinguishing it from application software.
Utility software
• Anti-virus utilities scan for computer viruses.
• Archivers output a stream or a single file when provided with a directory or a set of files.
Archive utilities,
• Backup software can make copies of all information stored on a disk and restore either
the entire disk.
• Clipboard managers expand the clipboard functionality of an operating system .
• Cryptographic utilities encrypt and decrypt streams and files.
• Data compression utilities output a shorter stream when provided with a stream or file.
• Data synchronization utilities establish consistency among data.
• Debuggers are used to test and “debug” other programs.
• Disk cleaners can find files that are unnecessary to computer operation, or take up
considerable amounts of space.
• Disk compression utilities can transparently compress/uncompress the contents of a disk,
increasing the capacity of the disk.
• Disk defragmenters can detect computer files whose contents are scattered across several
locations on the hard disk.
• Disk storage utilities
• Memory testers check for memory failures.
• Network utilities analyze the computer’s network connectivity, configure network
settings, check data transfer or log events.
• Package managers are used to configure, install to date other software on a computer.
• Registry cleaners clean and optimize the Windows Registry by removing old registry
keys that are no longer in use.
• System monitors for monitoring resources and performance in a computer system.
• System profilers provide detailed information about the software installed and hardware
attached to the computer.
Utility Software Installation:
Installing AVG AntiVirus FREE on Windows
Applies to AVG AntiVirusFREE
AVG AntiVirus FREE is essential security software that prevents viruses, spyware, ransomware,
and other malicious threats from infecting your PC.
Install AVG AntiVirus
1. Click the button below to download the AVG AntiVirus FREE setup file, and save it to a
familiar location on your PC.
2. Right-click the downloaded avg_antivirus_free_setup.exe setup file and choose Run

3. If prompted for permission by the User Account Control dialog, click Yes.

4. Wait while setup installs AVG AntiVirus FREE on your PC.

5. Click Continue from the You're protected screen.

6. Click Run First Scan to run a comprehensive Smart Scan and immediately check your PC for
viruses, malware, bad browser add-ons, and other issues.
EXPERIMENT-4: Configuration of device drivers.
Device Drivers: In computing, a device driver is a computer program that operates or controls a
particular type of device that is attached to a computer. A driver provides a software interface to
hardware devices, enabling operating systems and other computer programs to access hardware
functions without needing to know precise details of the hardware being used
A driver typically communicates with the device through the computer bus or communications
subsystem to which the hardware connects.
Example:
• printers
• video adapters
• Network cards

Device Drivers Installation

Drivers Installation
Method 1

By running “SETUP.EXE” from Driver CD / DVD

Insert the Drivers CD/ DVD, If it is Autorun Disc a Menu will be appeared on the screen.
In this menu click on Device name you want to install.
Removal of Drivers:
Uninstall from Start, Settings,control Panel, “Add/Remove Programs”.
Experiment No.4: Firewall configuration Antivirus/Internet security loading and configuration
procedure
FIREWALL:
A firewall is a device which monitors and filters all the incoming and outgoing network traffic
and prevents unauthorized access to/within the network. The firewall is the most important line of
defense in maintaining the security of the network and the application.
Types of firewall
A firewall can either be hardware or software.
A hardware firewall can function at the network, transport and application layer of OSI model
depending on the way traffic is being filtered. If a firewall filters traffic based on IP address, it
operates at the network layer.
• Turn Microsoft Defender Firewall on or off

It's important to have Microsoft Defender Firewall on. It helps protect you from unauthorized
access.

To turn Microsoft Defender Firewall on or off:

1. Select the Start button> Settings > Update & Security > Windows Security and
then Firewall & network protection. Open Windows Security settings
2. Select a network profile.

3. Under Microsoft Defender Firewall, switch the setting to On.

4. To turn it off, switch the setting to Off. Turning off Windows Defender Firewall could
make your device.
Experiment No.6:

Installing Print Driver:

Add a Local Printer

1. Connect the printer to your computer using the USB cable and turn it on.

2. Open the Settings app from the Start menu.

3. Click Devices.

4. Click Add a printer or scanner.

5.If Windows detects your printer, click on the name of the printer and follow the on-
screen instructions to finish the installation. And you're done.

• Add a Wireless Printer

The steps to install a wireless printer may vary by manufacturer.

1. Use the printer's LCD panel to enter the wireless setup. On my Epson printer ,Setup >
Wireless LAN Settings.

2. Select your Wi-Fi network.

3. Enter your network password.

Set Up a HomeGroup

Skip this step if your home network already has a HomeGroup set up.

1. Right-click on the wireless icon in the taskbar and select "Open Network and Sharing
Center".

2. Click "Ready to create" next to HomeGroup.

3. Click the Create a homegroup button.

4. Click Next.

5. Select what you want to be shared. Printers & Devices are shared by default.

6. Write down the HomeGroup password Windows creates for you.

7. Click Finish

Connect to a Shared Printer on the HomeGroup

1. Click Homegroup and then the Join now button in Windows Explorer.

2. Click Next.

3. Verify what you want to share and click Next.

4. Enter the password and click Next.

5. Click Finish.

6. Click Network in Windows Explorer and you should see the shared printer installed.
Configure a Printer or Scanner in Windows 7

Printers and scanners allow your computer work to be viewed and printed beyond the dimensions
of your screen. Click Start in the lower left corner of your computer screen.

1. Select Devices and Printers from the popup list. A new window will open.

2. Right click on the printer or scanner. A drop down menu appears.

3. Select Printer Properties from the drop down menu. A dialog box entitled Printer
Properties will open.

4. Click the Ports tab from the list of tabs at the top of the box.

5. Click on the Configure Port button.

6. Configure the options according to your needs.

7. Click OK to save your configuration choices

Install Webcam:

• How to install a webcam.

• How to test a webcam.

• How to use a webcam.

 • Does my laptop have a built-in webcam?

How to install a webcam

Follow the steps below to connect and install a webcam on the computer.

1. Turn on the computer and make sure the operating system is loaded.

2. Most webcams have a USB cable connected to them. Plug the USB cable into an available
USB port on the computer.

3. Newer operating systems, like Windows 8 and Windows 10, should recognize the webcam
as connected.

4. If your webcam came with a CD containing software, you can install that software to add
additional features for the webcam.

5. The webcam needs to be placed in front of you, and near the same height as your

Install Digital Camera

Installing the Digital Camera Driver on Windows Computer

To transfer digital camera photos to your computer, you need to install the camera’s driver
on your computer.

To install the driver:

1.Choose Start→ControlPanel→Printers and Other Hardware→Scanners and
Cameras→Add an Imaging Device.

The Scanner and Camera Installation Wizard opens with the Welcome screen.

2.Connect your camera or card reader to your computer.

3.Select Automatic Port Detection in the wizard ,then click Next.

The Camera Selection window opens.

4.Select your digital camera make and model in the Camera Manufacturer and Model lists;
then click Next.

5.Turn your connected camera on. Click Next.

 6.Type a name for your camera or device. Click Next.

Choose a name that makes sense to you, or the camera’s make and model.

7.To complete the Windows installation process, click Finished.

Install Projectors:

Getting a Microsoft Windows 10 laptop connected to a projector or TV can be the most

annoying part of getting ready for a presentation.

Making a Wired Connection.

There are so many different types of display ports. So there are many different ways your
laptop might connect to a TV or projector.

Connect via any of the methods above and ensure the input selection on the TV or projector
is toggled to the input you are using with your lap

Laptop Connection Settings

Once connected, hold down the Windows Key and press “P” to toggle the selection to the
desired setting:

• Duplicate

• Extend

• Second screen only

In some cases, you may need to utilize the “fn” key.

Common Problems: -

Driver Update Needed

It is common to experience problems connecting your laptop to a TV or projector.

There have been some occasions where a BIOS update has fixed a display problem.

To obtain the latest display adapter drivers and BIOS software, visit the website of
manufacturer of your laptop.

Connect to a Projector with Windows 8 or Windows 10

1. Turn on the projector or external TV monitor, and then connect the computer.
 2. Press Windows key+P or open the Charms bar, click on the Devices charm,
and click on Second screen. 3.

3.Choose Duplicate from the monitor selection panel to synchronize your display with that.

• PC screen only – The second screen is ignored, only the main display is used.

• Duplicate – The main display is mirrored on the second screen.

• Extend – The second screen is used as a second monitor. Windows can be dragged between
the main display and the second screen.

• Second screen only – The main display is disabled, only the second screen is used.

4. To change screen resolution, open the Desktop and right click on the wallpaper.
Experiment-7 : Installtion and configuration of USB WiFi,USB BT, USB storage

Install USB Wi-Fi:

If Windows Has the Drivers

In most cases, Wi-Fi adapters are simply plug-and-play in Windows 10.

When you insert your USB and once you’re online you can download the updated drivers either
from the manufacturer’s website, as we’ll explain in the next section.

Once this is selected, simply re-connect to the network you were previously on, and you’re
done.

If Windows Doesn’t Have the Drivers

Although it’s rarer in Windows 10 than it was in previous versionsUse the Included Driver CD

• The first and most obvious solution in this scenario is to use the driver CD

Download the Drivers on a Separate Computer

If you’ve lost the original driver CD the adapter came with or your laptop doesn’t contain
an optical drive to install it.

Optimally, your laptop will already come with a functioning internal wireless adapter that
you can use to go online and find the required drivers.

Download the driver and transfer the file onto a USB flash drive, and then plug that flash
drive into the laptop you want the adapter installed on.If they’re in a compressed file

Open up the Windows Device Manager by right-clicking your Start menu, and
selecting it from the following menu:

Once here, find the name of your adapter listed underneath the “Network Adapters”
section. Right-click on it, and select “Update Driver Software” from the following drop-
down menu.
 • This will take you to the Driver Update wizard. From the screen below, choose the
option to “Browse my computer for driver software”.

Once here, hit the Browse button, and point the wizard to the folder where you copied the
drivers from your flash drive.

Windows 10 will install the drivers on its own from here, and once completed, your
wireless adapter will automatically begin looking for wireless networks to connect to in
your immediate vicinity.

Install USB BT:

Setting up the Dongle

1. Buy a Bluetooth dongle. If you haven't already bought a USB Bluetooth adapter, find one
that works with your specific operating system.

• You can usually find Bluetooth adapters in stores such as Best Buy and

• Bluetooth 5.0 adapters are more expensive.

 2. Find a free USB port on your computer. You'll need an empty USB port into which you can
plug your Bluetooth adapter.

• If your computer uses oval USB-C ports instead of rectangular USB 3.0 ports

3. Plug the dongle into your computer. It should fit snugly into the free USB port.

• If you're using a USB to USB-C adapter.

4. Install any necessary drivers. Windows 8 and 10 will most likely recognize the Bluetooth
dongle automatically.

• To download the drivers from the manufacturer's website. Use Google to search for
the product name and "Drivers".
Experiment No.8: Multiple OS loading and trouble shooting
• First, you need to protect your system by creating an image backup
• Once the backup is complete, create a new partition on your drive.

• You can make your own choices for everything else.

• After the installation is over, booting your PC will bring you to a menu where you
can choose your operating system.

Install New OS in VMware Workstation

Step 1: Go to File > New Virtual Machine.

Step 2: Select Typical, and then press Next.

Step 3: Pick how to install the operating system.

Select Installer disc if the operating system is in the disc drive

Step 4: Choose precisely where the OS files are located.

Step 5: Press Next to proceed to the screen where you name the new virtual machine.

Step 6: Definehow storage should take place with this virtual machine, and then press Next.

Step 7: Select Customize Hardware and make any necessary changes.

Step 9: Follow any on-screen prompts to begin the OS installation. For example, if you see Press
any key to boot from CD or DVD, do that to start the OS setup.

Step 10: Follow the directions for your specific operating system install to add the OS to VMware
Workstation.