March , 1968 _ , 3 374 376

19
E L E C T R IC GENERATOR

Filed Jan. 9, 1964 5 Sheets-Sheet 1

100 .109’

RAYMOND KROMREY
INVENTOR.

ryw‘ _

AGENT
arch 1 9 , 1968 . KROMREY
3,374,376
ELECTRIC GENERATOR

iled J a n . , 1964
5 Sheets- Sheet 2

F g.1A

IN V E N T O R .
RAYMOND K OMRE
Y
March 1 9 , 1968 . KROMREY 3,374,376
ELECTRIC GENERATOR

Filed Jan. 9, 1964 . 5 S he ets - Sheet 3

RAYMOND K OMREY
IN V E N T O R .

AGEN
 arch 19, 1968 . KROMREY
3,374,376
ELECTRIC GENERATOR

iled J a n . 9, 1964 .
5 Sheets- Sheet 4

RAYMOND KROMREY
IN V E N T O R .

BY
Mar ch 19, 196 . KROMREY   3 374 376
8
E L E C T R IC G E N E R A
TOR
5 Sheets-Sheet 5
Filed Jan , 1964

INVENTOR
0 . KROMREY

AGENT
 Un i t e d S t a t e s Pat e nt
0 2
1
3,374,376
E L E C T R I C GENERATOR
Raymond r o m r e y , 1 5 R u e u M t . B l a n e
, p l a i n s wh y , n a s y s t e m e m b o d y i n g m y n v e n t i o n , the sp
Geneva, S w i t z e r l a n d
F i l e d J a n . , 1964, Ser. No. 336,769
1 C l a i m . ( C l . 310-412)
y resent invention relates o n electric generato
rserving to convert magnetic force into el ect r ic energ
y w i t h t h e a i d o f t w o r e l a t i v e l y r o t a t a b l e members, i .
10 relative
e . a s t a t o r a n d a r o t o r , o n e o f t h e s e member s b e i n g p r o
videdwith electromagnetic or permanent-magnetic
means a d a p t e d o i n d u c e a v o l t a g e i n a w i n d i n g f o r m i n g p a r t
f an o u t p u t c i r c u i t o n h e o t h e r m em b er .
Con ven t i on a l gen er a t or s of t hi s t ype ut i l i ze a wi ndi ng
5 the total applied torque
w h o s e conductors form loops i n d i f fe re n t a x i a l planes
w h e r e b y , u po n r e l a t i v e r o t a t i o n f t h e two m e m b e r s
, d i a m e t r i c a l l y opposi t e por t i ons f ea c h l oop pass t
wi c eper r evol u t i on t h r o ugh t h e ?el d of eac h pol e pai
r o f t h e m a g n e t i c i n d u c t o r member ( u s u a l l y t h e s t a
t o r ) . ‘ I f th e
l o o p s a r e o p e n - c i r c u i t e d , no c u r r e n t f l o w s t h e w i n d i n g
and no r e a c t i o n t o r q u e s d e v e l o p e d o t h a t t h e r o t o r w i l l
[ b e f r e e t o t u r n t t h e m a x im u m s p e e d o f i t s d r i v i n g u
nit.s soon s the outp
ut c i rc u i t including the winding
short - ci rcui t ed r connected acr oss a load, the resultin
gcurrent flow tends o r e t a r d t h e motion f t h e r o t o r
ton extent d ep en de nt u p o n t h e m a g n i t u d ef t h e c u r r e n t ,
t being therefore necessary o provide compensating spe
regulating devices if it s desired o maintain a subst
a n t i a l l y c o n s ta n t t e r m i n a l v o l t a g e . M o r e o v e r , t h e v a r i a b
lere act i on t o rq ue s ubje ct s th e ro t or a n d i t s tra ns mi ssi on
toconsiderable mechanical st resses which, n the case
f w i d e l y ? u c t u a t i n g l o a d c u r r e n t s , may l e a d t o o b j e c t i o n
able strains.
It s therefore, the general object f m y present and
n e w i n v e n t i o n o p r o v i d e an e l e c t r i c g e n e r a t o r which
ob v i a t e s t h e a f o r e d e s c r i b e d d i s a d v a n t a g e s .
A ore p a r t i c u l a r o b j e c t o f my n v e n t i o n s t o p r o v
idea generator f such construction that its reaction
torqueand, therefore, its rotor speed n response o a gi
ven driving torque v a r i e s but little u p o n changeover f r
o m openci rcui t o current delivery or vice versa.
t s also n obj ect f t h i s i nvent ion o pr ovi de an
e l e c t r i c g e n e r a t o r whose t e r m i n a l v o l t a g e v a r i e s a t a
speed
considerably lesser rate than its rotor so as to
less aff ec ted than conventional generators y ?uctuati
ons
f s driving rate.
I have found, i n accordance with t h i s i n v e n t i o n , t h a t
the foregoing o b j e c t s ‘ c a n b e r e a l i z e d b y the r e l a t i v e rota
tion of n elongated ferromagnetic element, such as
ba r- sh a ped s o f t - i r o n a r ma t u re, a n d a pair of pol e p i e c e
s d e ? n i n g an a i r g a p w h e r e i n a m a g n e t i c ? e l d s s e t u p
under t h e i n f l u e n c e f a s u i t a b l e s o u r c e o f c o e r c i v e f o r c
e . The a r m a t u r e c a r r i e s a w i n d i n g , a d v a n t a g e o u s l y i n t h e
f o rm f t w o s e r i e s - c o n n e c t e d c o i l s e m b r a c i n g o p p o s i t e e
x
t r e mi t i e s t h e r e o f , w h i c h s i n c l u d e d n a n o u t p u t c i r c
u i t a d a p t e d t o b e c o n n e ct e d t o a l o a d . A s e armature rota
teswithin the statio nar y air gap‘ (or, con verse l y, the
pole
p i e c e s swing about t h e s t a t i o n a r y armature), t h e magnetic
c i r c u i t i s i n t e r m i t t e n t l y c o m p l e t e d and t h e a r m a t u r e e x
p e r i e n c e s p e r i o d ic r e m a g n e t i z a t i o n s w i t h s u c c e s s i v e
6 3,374,376
P a t e n t e d Mar. 1 9 , 1968
energy s the current ? o w through the winding oppose
sthe magnetizing action f the ?eld and increases the
a p p a r e n t m a g n e t i c r e l u c t a n c e o f t he a r m a t u r e . T h i s e x
eed f
t h e g e n e r a t o r r e m a i n s s u b s t a n t i a l l y u n c h a n g e d when th e
output c i r c u i t s either opened r cl osed.
s t he ar mat ur e appr oac hes i t s posi t i on f al i gnm
ent wi t h t he gap, t he c onst ant ma gnet i c ?el d e x i s t i n g
t her eacross tends to accelerate the rotation f the
armature
o t h e pole pieces, thereby aiding the applied
d r i v i n g t o r q u e ; t h e o p p o s i t e a ct io n, i. e . a r e t a r d i n g effect,
af t e r the armature passes through aligned posi
t i o n . A s t h e r o t o r a t t a i n s a c e r t a i n s p e e d , h owever, the
? y w h e e l e f f e c t f i t s mass o v e r c o m e s t h e s e ? u c t u a t i o n s i n
o t h a t a sm o o th r o t a t i o n e n s u e s
.
I n a p r a c t i c a l e m b o d i m e n t , a c c o r d i n g o a mor e s p e c i
?cfeature f m y invention, the magnet i c- ?ux pat h in
c l u de s t wo axi al l y s p a ce d mag n e tic ?elds traversing th
e r otor a x i s s u b s t a n t i a ll y a t r i g h t a n g l e s , t h e s e ?elds bei
ng gen~
0 erated y r e s p e c t i v e p o l e p a i r s c o - o p e r a t i n g wi t h t w
o axi al l y sp a ce d a r ma t ur es o f the char act er d escri be d.
Itwill generally be convenient o a r r a n g e t h e tw o a r m a t u
res i n a c o mmo n axial plane, the two ?eld-producin
is g p o l e p a i r s b e i n g s i m i l a r l y c o p l a n a r . The a r m a t u r e s a r e p r
efer
a b l y o f t h e l a mi n a t e d t y p e o mi n i mi z e t h e f l o w o f e d d y
currents th e re in; th u s, they m a y o n sist n essence f h i g
hly
p e r m e a l b l e ( e g . so ft-iro n) foils whose p rin cip a l dim e
ed
ns i on i s p er pe nd i c u l a r o t h e r o t o r ax i s , t h e f oi l s be i n g h e l
dtogether b y r i v e t sor other suitable fastening means.
30 f the ferro magnetic e lements a re pa rt of th e r ot or , t he
output c i r c u i t w i l l include t h e usual c u r r e n t - c o l l e c t i n g
m e a n s , s u c h a s s l i p r i n g s r commutator s e g m e n t s , a c c o r
d ing o whether alternating or direct cur rent s desired.
The s o u r c e o f c o e r c i v e f o r c e i n t h e s t a t o r i n c l u d e s , a d v a n t a
g e o u s l y , a p a i r o f o p p o s i t e l y d i s p o s e d y o k e - s h a p e d mag
net s, o f t h e p e r ma n e n t r t h e el ect r i cal l y en er gi zed t ype ,
Whose extremities constitute the afor ementi oned pol
epieces. I f el ec t r oma gn et s a r e used i n t h e ma gn et i c c i r c u
i t , t hey m a y e ener gi zed b y n ext er nal sour ce or b y
di r ect
40
c u r r e n t from t h e o u t p u t c i r c u i t f t h e g e n e r a t o r i t s e l f .
I have f ound t hat the t erminal voltage f t he out
putcircuit of a generator according to the invention
doesnot vary proportionately to the rotor speed, s
mi g h t b e expected, but drops a t a considerably slow e
45 r rate
with decreasing speed of r o t a t i o n ; thus, in a particular
e
e v e r s al sf pol arity.
When t h e o u t p u t c i r c u i t i s o p e n , t h e : m e c h a n i c a l e n e r g y a p p l i e d o
t h e d r i v e n r o t o r member s c o n v e r t e d , o theextent that t
s n o t needed t o o ver come f r i c t i o n a l r e s i s t a n c e , i n t o w o r k o f m a g n e
tization which n turn is dissi pated s heat ; n a c tu a l p r a c t i c e ,
h o w e v e r , th e r e s u l t a n t r i se i n t h e t e mp e r a t u r e o f t h e a r ma t u r e wi l l b
e h ar dl y n o t i c e a bl e , p a r t i c u l a r l y f t h e a r ma t u r e i s p a r t f t h e c o n t
i n u o u s l y a i r - c o o l e d r o t o r a s s e m b l y . When t h e o u t p u t c i r
c u i t s c l o s e d , p a r t o f t h i s work s t r a n s l a t e d i n t o e l e c t r i c a l
r
 unit tested, this voltage fell only o about hal
f its
o r i g i n a l v a l u e upon a c u t t i n g o f t h e r
ot or s p e e d o o n et hi rd.‘ Th i s nonl i near rel
a t i o n s h i p b e t w e e n t e r m i n a l v o l t a g e and d r i v
i ng rat een abl es t h e ma i nt ena nc e f as u b
50
s t a n t i a l l y c o n s t an t l o a d c u r r e n t ‘ a n d , therefore, elec
tric
o u t p u t o v e r a wide s p e e d r a n g e , t least
under c e r t a i n l o a d c o n d i t i o n s , i n a s m u c h
as the inductive reactance ofthe winding
s proportional ofrequency (and conse
quently to rotor speed) o as to drop off more r a
pidly
55
t han t he t er mi nal vol t age, n the event of
a speed reduc
tion, with a resulting improvement n the
power f a c t o r
f the load c i r c u i t . ‘
It t h e magnetic c i r c u i t includes but a s i n g l e po
le p a ir
per air gap, the flux induced n the relatively ro
t a t i n g arma
60 t ure change i t s d i r e c t i o n t w i c e p e r
wi l l
revol ut i on sothat each revolution produce
s one complete cycle of 360electr ical degr
ees. n gener al , the number f electrical d
egrees per revolution will equal 360 tim
e s t h e num be r o f p o l e p a i r s , i t b e i n g a p p
arent tha t this nu m be r ought
65 to be odd s i n c e with even n u m be r s t would n o t
be
possible to have poles a l t e r n a ti n g i n p o l a
r i t y along thep a t h f t he ar mat u r e an
d al so t o ha v e t he nor t h a n dsout h pol e
s of eac h pai r t di amet r i c al l y opposi t
e l o c a t i o n s . Inany c a s e t i s i m p o r t a n t t o d
i mensi on t hec on
0 fronting arcuate faces of the pole pairs i
n s u c h manner
as t o avoid bridging of adjoining poles y the
armature,
hence t behooves o make t h e su m f t h e a r
cs spa nned
 3,374,376
3 4
y t h e s e f a c e s ( i n th e p l a n e o f r o t a t i o n ) e q u a l o c o n . 303 carrying a pair of laminated sof t - i r on armature
s
siderably less than 360° electrical.
30 2' , 30 2” r o t a t a bl e i n t h e ai r g a p s f a p a i r f e l e c t r o
The i n v e n t i o n w i l l e d e s c r i b e d h e r e i n a f t e r w i t h g r e a
ma g n e t s 301 , 3 0 1 1 ” h e a r i n g energiz in g windings 30 9 '
t e r d e t a i l , r e f e r e n c e b e i n g made o t h e a c c o m p a n y i n g d
a n d 3 0 9 . The c o m m u t a t o r 3 0 5 a g a i n c o - o p e r a t e s w i t
r a wi n g nwh i c h : h
FIGS. 1 and A i l l u s t r a t e a ? r s t embodiment f my a pai r of b r us h es of w h i c h o n l y one, desi gnat ed 307,
invention n axial section and n a cross-sectional v
i s v i s i b l e n t h e ? g u r e . T h i s b r u s h , c a r r i e d o n an a r m
i e w t a k e n n l i n e I A — — I A f FIG. 1 , r e s p e c t i v e l y ; 308, i s e l e c t r i ca l l y connected to a brush 3 1 3 engagi ng a
FIGS. 2 a n d 3 a r e p e r s p e c t i v e v i e w s i l l u s t r a t i n g two
s l i p r i n g 314 n an e x t r e m i t y f sha
further embodiments; f t 3 0 3 which a l s o c a r r i e s tw o f u r t h e r s l i p r i n g s 3 1 5 ’ ,
FI GS. 4 and 5 diagrammatically i l l ust rat e t wo output
3 15 ” n c o n d u c t i v e c o n t a c t w i t h r i n g 314 b u t i n s u l a t e d
c i r c u i t s for a generator according to the invention,e
from t h e s h a f t . T w o f u r
signed respectively for d i r e c t and a l t e r n at i n g c u r r e n t ; 0
ther brushes 316’, 31 6 contact the rings 315’, 315 and
and are respectively connected o wi ndings 309'
FIG. 6 s a s o m e w h a t diagrammatic i l l u s t r a t i o n o f
and 3 0 9 , r e s p e c t i v e l y , t h e o t h e r e n d s f t h e s e w i n d i n g s
an arrangement f o r compar ing t h e o u t p u t s o f a
being connected to n analogous syste m f brushes and
conven t i o n a l g e n e r a t o r and a g e n e r a t o r a c c o r d i n g o
s l i p r i n g s o n t h e o p p o s i t e s h a f t e x t r e m i t y wher eby t h e
the n
t w o c o m m u t a t o r brushes a r e e f f e c t i v e l y bridged a c r o s s
vention.
t h e wind i n g s 3 0 9 ' and 309” n parallel. I n thi
The g e n e r a t o r 1 0 0 s ho wn n FIGS. 1 a n d 1 A c o
s e mb odi me nt , therefore, the stator ma g ne ts are energi
m p r i s e s a s t a t o r m e m b e r 1 0 1 and a r o t o r m e m b e r 1 0 2 ,
z e d fro m t h e g e n e r a t o r o u t p u t i t s e l f , t b e i n g u n d e r s t o o
t h el at t er c ompr i si ng a pai r f l ami nat e
d t h a t th e m a g n e t s 3 0 1 ’ a n d 3 0 1 ” ( m a d e , f o r e x a m p l e , o f
d a r m a t u r e s 1 0 2 ’ , 1 02 c a r r i e d n a s h a f t 1 0 3 which
steel rather thansof t i r on) wi l l ha v e a r esi dual coer ci v
s r o t a t a b l y j o u r n a l e d i n e n d plates 1 0 4 , 1 0 4 of
e f o r c e s u f ? c i e n t t o i n d u c e an i n t i a l o u t p u t v o l t a g e
a gener at or housi ng 104 of nonmagnet i c mat er i al (e.g
as s k n o w n per se.N a t u r a l l y , t h e
. al umi num) r i g i d with t h e c i r c u i t s l e a d i n g from t h e b r u s h e s 3 0 7 o t h e w i n d i n g s 3 0
st at or . Shaf t 103 s coupled wi t h a source of dri vi
ng
9 ' , 30 9 m a y i n c l u d e f i l t e r means s

p o w e r i n d i c a t e d d i a g r a m m a t i c a l l y y n arrow 1 1 0 . d e s c r i b e d n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h FIG. .
5
I n F IG . 6 I have s h o w n a t e s t c i r c u i t d e s i g n e d o c o m
The s t a t o r 1 0 1 i n c l u d e s a p a i r f y o k e - s h a p e d l a
pare the outputs f a generator according to the inven
mi n a t e d el ec t r o ma g n e t s 101 , 10 1 w h o s e e x t r e mi t i e s
t i o n , s u c h a s t h e u n i t 1 0 0 o f FI GS. 1 and 1 A , w i t h a
form two pairs f coplanar pole pieces r e s p e c t i v e l
con v e n t i o n a l g e n e r a t o r 4 0 0 f t h e t y p e h a v i n g a l o o p e d
yde si gna te d 101a, 10 1b (nor th) a nd 101c, 10 1d (sout h).
arma
The p o l e p i e c e s h a v e c o n - c a v e f a c e s c o n f r o n t i n g c
t u r e 4 0 2 r o t a t a b l e n a gap o f a s t a t o r mag net 401 with
o m p l e m e n t a r i l y c o n v e x f a c e s 1 0 2 a , 102d o f a r m a t u r e 0
e n e r g i z i n g w i n d i n g 4 0 9 ' , 4 0 9 . The t w o g e n e r a t o r s a r e
10 2' a n d 1 0 2 b , 1 0 2 0 f armature 102 . These faces,
i n t e r c o n n e c t e d b y a c o m m o n s h a f t 103 c a r r y i n g a ?y
whose
w he el 117, t h i s s haft bei ng c oupl ed v i a a c l utc h 11 8 o
concavities are all c entered n the axis f shaft 103,
a d r i v e m o t o r 111 whereby t h e r o t o r s 4 0 2 and 1 0 2
extend over arcs f approximately 0 o 25° each n the
f bo t h gen er a t o r s a re ro tata ble in u n i s o n as i n di c a t ed
plane of rotation ( F I G . 1 A) s o t h a t t h e s u m o f t h
b y a r r o w 1 1 0 . T w o b a t t e r i e s 120 and 4 2 0 , n
e s e a r c s adds p o a b o u t 90 ° g e o m e t r i c a l and e l e c t r i c a
s e r i e s w i t h s w i t c h e s 121 and 4 2 1 , a r e r e p r e s e n t a t i v e o
l.
f means f o r s u p p l y i n g d i r e c t c u r r e n t o t h e s t a t o r w i n d i n
The magnets 1 0 1 ’ , 101 f the stator are surround
g s 1 0 0 ' , 1 0 9 and 4 0 9 ' , 409 o f t h e tw o g e n e r a t o r s .
edby respective energizing windings 109 , 100” which are
connected a c r o s s a s u i t a b l e source of constant d i r e c t cur 40 The r e c t i ? e d o u t p u t o f g e n e r a t o r 1 0 0 s d e l i v e r e d o a
l o a d 1 2 2 , h e r e s how n a s t h r e e s e r i e s - c o n n e c t e d i n c a n d e s
r ent , n o t s h o wn . S i mi l a r wi n d i n g s , e a c h c o m p o s e d f t
c e n t lamps w i t h a combined cons umptio n f 5 0 0 w a t t
w oseries-connected coils 106a, 106d and 106b, 1060,
s , g e n e r a t o r 400 w or king i n t o an i d e n t i c a l l o a d 4 2 2 .
surr ound the rotor armatures 102' and 102 , respective
T w o w a t t m e t e r s 1 2 3 and 4 2 3 h a v e t h e i r v o l t a g e a n d c u r
l y . These c o i l s fo r m p a r t o f n output circuit
rentwindings respectively connected i n shunt and n s
which f u r t h e r i n c l u d e s a p a i r o f b r u s h e s 1 0 7 ' , 107 t h a
t are carried y a r m s 1 0 8 ' , 108 on h o u s i n g 1 0 4 w
eries
45 w i t h t h e a s s o c i a t e d l o a d s 122 22 o measure t h e e l e c
ith mutual insulation;brushes 107’, 107 c
o - o p e r a t e wi t h a . pai r f c o mmu t a t o r s e g m e n t s 105', 1 0 5 t r i c power d e l i v e r e d y e a c h g e n e r a t o r .
(see also FIG . ) w hich are sup U p o n engagement f t he clut ch 118, shaf t 103 wi t h i t
s
p o r t e d b y a d i s k 1 0 5 f i n s u l a t i n g m a t e r i a l on s h a f t 1
?y wh eel 1 1 7 s ‘brought t o n i ni t i al driving spee d f
03.
1 2 0 0 r . p . m . whereupon t h e s w i t c h 4 2 1 n t h e e n e r g i z i n
By v i r t u e f t h e s e r i e s c o n n e c t i o n o f c o i l s 106a-106d
g c i r c u i t o f c o n v e n t i o n a l g e n e r a t o r 4 0 0 s c l o s e d . The l a m p
b e t w e e n t h e s e g m e n t s 1 0 5 ' and 1 0 5 , as i l l u s t r a t e d i n
s4 2 2 l i g h t i mmediat el y and the corr esponding wat t met er
FI G. , t he al t er nat i ng vol t age i nduc ed n these
423 s hows a n i n i t i a l o u t p u t f 5 0 0 a t t s ; t h i s o u t p u t , h o
c o i l sgi ves r i s e t o a r ec t i ?ed out put vol t age t br ushes
w ever, drops instantly as the ? y w h e e l 1 1 7 s dec el er a t ed
107’ and 107 ; t he uni di r ec t i onal c ur r ent del i ver ed
y t h e s e b r u s h e s t o a l o a d ( n o t shown) m a y y Z h e braking e ff e c t f t h e magnetic ? e l d upon armature
55 02.
b e smoothed, n a manner k n
o w n per s e , b y c o n v e n t i o n a l ? l t e r m e a ns r e p r e s e n t e d d i Next, the procedure i s repeated but with switch 4 2 1
open and s w i t c h 1 2 1 c l o s e d o e n e r g i z e t h e g e n e r a t o r 1 0 0 .
agrammatically y a condenser 112 n FIG. 4 .
In FIG. 2 I have shown a modi?ed generator 200 . sk205, and another terminal here repr
who se h o u s i n g 2 0 4 s u p p o r t s a s t a t o r 20 1 c o n s i s t i n g e s esented y the
s e n t i a l l y o f t w o p e r m a n e n t b a r m a g n e t s 2 0 1 ’ a n d 201 groun ded s h a f t 2 0 3 itself. S l i p ring 205’ s co
60
extending parallel o the drive shaft 203 n opposite sides ntacted y
t h e r e o f , e a c h o f t h e s e magnets b e i n g r i g i d w i t h a e 0
spective pair f pole shoes 201a, 2010 and 201b, 20 a brush 2 0 7 n a holder 208, the output f t
1d.Rotor 202 comprises a pair of laminated armatures h i s brush
202’, bei ng an alternating current of a frequency
202 , si mi l ar o t hose of the preceding embodiment, determi ned
65 y the rotor speed.
w h o s e output c oi l s 206a, 206b, 206e, 2 0 6 d are s er ia l ly In'FIG. 3 I h a v e s ho wn a g e n e r a t o r 300
c o n ne ct e d b e t we en a sl i p r in g 205’, su pp o r te d n shaft basically
203 through the intermediary f n insulating di similar o generator 100 f FIGS. 1 and 1 A
, its shaft T he lamps 12 2 l i g h t and t h e W a t t m e t e r 1 2 3 s h o w s n
output f 5 0 0 w a t t s which remains c o n s t a n t f o r ‘ a n
n de?nite per iod, there being o appr eciable deceler ati
on of
? y w h e e l 1 1 7 . When t h e c l u t c h 1 1 8 s r e l e a s e d and t h e
rotor speed gradually decreases, the output of generat
o r 1 0 0 i s s t i l l s u b s t a n t i a l l y 5 0 0 w a t t s a t a s p e e d f 900 r . p .
m . a n d r e m a i n s a s h i g h s 360 w a t t s when t h e s p e e d d r
ops
f u r t h e r t o 600 r . p . m .
In a similar test with a generator f the
permanent mag net t y p e , such s t h e one s h o w n a t 2 0 0
n FIG. 2 , a s u b s t a n t i a l l y c o n s t a n t o u t p u t w as ob
over a range
f
1600 o 640 r . p . m .
Modi?cations of the s pe c i f i c arrangements describe
d and i l l u s t r a t e d w i l l , f c o u r s e , e a p p a r e n t t o p e r s o n s
s k i l l e d i n t h e a r t and a r e deemed o e embraced n t
hespi ri t and sc ope f my n v e n t i o n
s de?ned i n t h e p p e n d e d cl ai m.
 $374,376
5 6
I cl ai m: f t h e a r c s spanned b y s a i d f a c e s being s u b s t a n t i a l l y equal
. An l e c t r i c g e n e r a t o r c o m p r i s i n g a ? x e d s t a t o r a n o 90° n the plane of rotation.
d a r o t o r c o a x i a l w i t h s a i d s t a t o r ; d r i v e means f o r r o t a t
i n gs a i d rotor ab ou t it s axi s, s a i d s t a t o r b ein g pr o vid ed w References Cite
ith a pair of elongated b a r ma g ne ts ex te n di ng p a r a l l e l o s d
a i d a x i s o n o p p o s i t e s i d e s t h e r e o f and t e r m i n a t i n g n t r a n s UNITED STATES PATEN
TS
verse extremities, oppositely poled e x t r e mi t i e s f sai 439 , 102 10 / 1890 __ __ _ _ _ 310—126 R

d
magnets confronting each other and de?ning 2, 500, 730 3 / 1 9 5 0 Yonkers_____________ 3 1 0 — - 1 6 8
means having two axially spaced pole pair s disposed n a 2 ,769 ,106 10 / 1956 Dembowski _______ __ 8
co m m o n a x i a l p l a n e a n d f o r m i n g a p a i r f d i a m e t r i c a l l y 0
3 ,173 ,042 3 / 1965 Foder ___ ______ ___ __ 310-1 4
ex t en di n g a i r ga ps f o r es t a b l i s h i n g a ma gn et i c - ?u x pa t h n 3,175,1 11 3 / 1965 O r r ______________________310—126
cluding t w o a x i a l l y spa ced p a r a l l e l magnetic ?elds acros 3 , 2 0 5 , 3 84 9/1965 ____________ _ 3104-112
Sears
s
said air gaps traversing said a x i s substantially a t rig 2 , 378 , 668 6 1945 Vickers ___________ _ _ . 310-46
ht
angles, rotor being provided with tw o ax i all y spaced 2,669,687 2 / 195 4 Tastes ____________ _ 310—46
parallel elongated ferromagneti c elements slightly shorte 2 , 824 , 272 2 / 1958 Delaporte _________ __ 310-46
5
r
t han t he spacing f sai d conf r ont ing ext r emit i es an d x 3 ,02 5 ,4 45 3 / 1 9 62 Welch _ 3 10 -- 49
___ ___ ___ ___
tending perpendicularly o said a x i s a t locations coplan
a r w i t h s a i d p o l e p a i r s fo r c o n c u r r e n t p e r i o d i c a l i g n m
FOREIGN PATENTS
e n t o f s a i d e l e m e n t s w i t h s a i d ? e l d s i n s a i d a i r g a p s upon r o t a
t i o n f s a i d r o t o r ; and an o u t p u t c i rc u i t on s a i d r o t o r 553,398 3/1923 F ra n c e .
20 838,012 2/ 1939 France.
i n c l u d i n g w i n d i n g means o n e a c h f s a i d e l e m e n t s and 474,918 11/ 1937 Great Britain.
c o l l e c t o r means i n s e r i e s w i t h s a i d w i n d i n g m e a n s , e a c h
of s a i d pole pa ir s and t h e corresponding elements havin M I L T O N O . HIRSHFIELD, P r i m a r y E x a m i n e r .
g
. W. G I B B S , D . G . D U G G A N , s s i s t a n t Examiners.
c o n f r o n t i n g a r c u a t e f a c e s c e n t e r e d on s a i d a x i s , t h e su 5
m