EE8701 – High Voltage Engineering Part A

1. What is back flashover?

2. Mention the reason for preferring high voltage for long transmission system.
3. What are the causes of power frequency over voltages?
4. Name various abnormalities in high voltage systems.
5. What are the characteristics of a lightning voltage?
6. What are the uses of ground wires?
7. What is ferroresonance?
8. Define Isokeraunic level.
9. What devices used to protect power system equipments against lightning?
10. Enumerate the sources of switching surges.
11. What is an electro negative gas?
12. Write the criterion for breakdown in non uniform fields.
13. What is ionization by collision?
14. What is primary ionization?
15. Define corona.
16. What is burst corona?
17. Define Paschens Law?
18. What are the two main reasons for long term breakdown in composite dielectrics?
19. Name some solid dielectrics used in practice.
20. What are the various theories that explain breakdown in commercial liquid dielectric?
21. List the various mechanism of vacuum breakdown.
22. List the applications of high voltages.
23. Mention the necessity for generating high DC voltages.
24. Name the circuits used to generate HVDC.
25. What are the advantages of Deltatron circuit?
26. What are the limitations of Vande-graff generator?
27. Mention the superiority of cascade transformers over two winding transformers used for generation of
high A.C. voltages.
28. Draw the circuit for resonant transformer.
29. What are the uses of resonant transformer?
30. A tesla coil has a primary winding rated for 10kV with 2μF capacitance on primary side and 1nF
capacitance on the secondary side. If the energy efficiency is 5%, Calculate the output voltage.
31. What is the need to generate high frequency AC voltages?
32. What is meant by capacitance voltage transformer?
33. What are the different methods used for measurement of A.C voltages?
34. What are the problems involved in high voltage measurement?
35. What are the factors influencing the spark overvoltage of sphere gaps?
36. What are the advantages of capacitance voltage transformer?
37. How the stray effect is reduced in resistive shunt type of measurement.
38. List the advantages of generating voltmeter?
39. What are the advantages of using faraday generator?
40. List the uses of hall generator.
41. How the stray effect is reduced in resistive shunt type of measurement.
42. Define 50 percent flashover voltage.
43. What is the necessity of high voltage testing?
44. What is disruptive discharge voltage?
45. Define creepage distance.
46. What is meant by atmospheric correction with reference to High Voltage Testing?
47. What are the various high voltage tests done on insulators?
48. Give the various test methods on surge arresters.
49. List out the various electrical tests carried out for bushings.
50. What is type test and routine test?
51. What is insulation co-ordination?
Part – B
Explain the mechanism of lightning strokes inducing high over voltages on transmission line.
Discuss the various theories of charge formations in clouds.
Explain the various theories of charge formations in clouds.
Derive the mathematical model for lightning discharges and explain them.
Derive the mathematical model for lightning discharges and explain them.
Explain different methods employed for lightning protection.
Explain in detail about the protection of transmission lines against over voltage.
Explain different methods employed for lightning protection.
Explain the construction and working principle of expulsion gaps and protector tubes
Discuss step by step procedure for constructing Bewley’s lattice diagram, with an example.
Discuss step by step procedure for constructing Bewley’s lattice diagram, with an example.
Deduce an expression for Townsend’s criteria for breakdown of gaseous medium.
Explain the Townsend’s secondary ionization processed which leads to current grouth in gaseous
mediums.
Discuss about the various mechanisms of vacuum breakdown.
Explain the suspended particle mechanism of breakdown in liquid dielectrics
Explain the various theories of breakdown mechanism of commercial liquid dielectrics.
Explain the phenomenon of thermal break down occur in solid dielectrics.
Explain the different mechanism by which break down occur in solid dielectrics.
Discuss the properties of composite dielectrics and breakdown mechanisms in them.
Discuss the properties of composite dielectrics and breakdown mechanisms in them.
Discuss the properties of composite dielectrics and breakdown mechanisms in them.
Explain the working principle of Cockroft-Walton voltage multiplier circuit. Derive an expression
for total voltage and total ripple voltage of n-stage voltage multiplier circuit and hence deduce the
condition for optimum number of stages.
Describe with a neat sketch the working of a Vande Graff generator. What are the factors that
limit the maximum voltage obtained?
Describe the construction and principle of operation of a multistage Marx generator. How is the
basic arrangement modified to accommodate the wave time control resistances?
Describe with a neat sketch the working of a Vande Graff generator. What are the factors that
limit the maximum voltage obtained?
Explain the working principle of Cockroft-Walton voltage multiplier circuit. Derive an expression
for total voltage and total ripple voltage of n-stage voltage multiplier circuit and hence deduce the
condition for optimum number of stages.
Explain in detail about the generation of impulse currents.
What is Tesla coil? How is damped high frequency oscillations obtained from a tesla coil?
Explain the generation of high frequency AC high voltage using TESLA COILS.
(i)Describe the cascade transformer connection to generate high alternating voltages
(ii) Explain the working principle of parallel resonant transformer.
What is the importance of control tripping of impulse generators? How is it done using trigatron gap.
(13)
(i) Describe the construction and working principle of a Electrostatic generator with a neat sketch.
(ii)Describe the cascade transformer connection to generate high alternating voltages.
Explain the measurement of very high voltages using sphere gaps. Mention the merits and demerits
of using sphere gaps.
Explain how a sphere gap can be used to measure the peak value of voltages. What are the
parameters and factors that influence such voltage measurements?
Write short notes on mixed RC potential dividers
With a neat diagram explain the sphere gap arrangement method of high voltage measurement in
detail and give the factors influencing the measurement.
Explain in detail about resistance potential divider and generating voltmeter for the measurement
of high D.C voltage.
Explain any two methods to measure high DC currents.
Explain different methods employed for measuring high frequency and impulse currents.
Explain with neat diagram Resistive shunts and Hall generators for High DC measurements.
Explain with neat diagram of Rogowski coil and magnetic links used for measurement of high impulse
current.
Explain the operation of peak reading voltmeters for impulse voltages
Explain with neat diagram of Rogowski coil and magnetic links used for measurement of high impulse
current.
Explain the various tests being carried out in isolator and circuit breakers.
Briefly explain the various tests being carried out for insulator.
Explain the direct and synthetic testing of isolators and circuit breakers in detail.
Briefly explain the various tests being carried out in isolator and circuit breakers.
Briefly explain the various tests being carried out for insulator.
Briefly explain the various tests being carried out for Bushings.
Briefly explain the various tests being carried out for Transformers.
Explain the method of impulse testing of high voltage transformers. What is the procedure adopted for
locating the failure?
Explain in detail about the insulation coordination and Statistical methods for insulation coordination.
Explain in detail about the insulation coordination and Statistical methods for insulation coordination.
Problems
A cockcroft voltage multiplier has ten stages with capacitances, all equal to 0.06 micro farad. The
supply transformer secondary voltage is 100 kV at a frequency of 150 Hz. If the load current to
be supplied is 1 mA, find
a) Percentage voltage regulatio
b) The percentage ripples
c) The optimum number of stages for maximum output voltage and
d) The maximum output voltage.
A cockcroft voltage multiplier has ten stages with capacitances, all equal to 0.06 micro farad. The
supply transformer secondary voltage is 100 kV at a frequency of 150 Hz. If the load current to
be supplied is 1 mA, find
a) Percentage voltage regulation
b) The percentage ripples
c) The optimum number of stages for maximum output voltage and
d) The maximum output voltage.
A cockcroft voltage multiplier has eight stages with capacitances, all equal to 0.05 micro farad.
The supply transformer secondary voltage is 125 kV at a frequency of 150 Hz. If the load current
to be supplied is 5 mA, find
a) The percentage ripples
b) The regulation and
The optimum number of stages for minimum regulation or voltage drop.
A surge of 400kV travels along a line with surge impedance z1=300Ω the line is connected to a
cable of 1.21km length. The inductance of the cable is 20µH and the capacitance is 1.2µF. the far
end of cable is connected to a transformer of surge impedance 500Ω. Find the surge voltage
distribution 10µsec after the surge has arrived at the line-cable junction.
A long transmission line is energized by a unit step voltage 1.0 V at the sending end and is open
circuited at the receiving end. Construct the Bewley’s lattice diagram and obtain the value at the
receiving end after a long time. Take the attenuation factor α = 0.9.
A rogowski coil is required to measure impulse current of 8 kA having rate of change of current of 1010
A/sec. The voltmeter is connected across the integrating circuit which reads 8 volts for full scale
deflection. The input to the integrating circuit is from the Rogowski coil. Determine the mutual
inductance of coil (M), Resistance (R) and Capacitance (C) of the integrating circuit.
An eight-stage impulse generator has a stage capacitance of 0.16 microfarad and a charging voltage of
125 kV. The test specimen capacitance is 1000pF. Find the wave-front and wave-tail resistances needed
to produce 1.2/50 µs impulse wave. What will be the maximum output voltage of the generator, if the
charging voltage is 120 kV?
A rogowski coil is required to measure impulse current of 10 kA having rate of change of current of
1011 A/sec. The voltmeter is connected across the integrating circuit which reads 10 volts for full scale
deflection. The input to the integrating circuit is from the Rogowski coil. Determine the mutual
inductance of coil (M), Resistance (R) and Capacitance (C) of the integrating circuit.
A rogowski coil is required to measure impulse current of 8 kA having rate of change of current of 1010
A/sec. The voltmeter is connected across the integrating circuit which reads 8 volts for full scale
deflection. The input to the integrating circuit is from the Rogowski coil. Determine the mutual
inductance of coil (M), Resistance (R) and Capacitance (C) of the integrating circuit.
An eight-stage impulse generator has a stage capacitance of 0.16 microfarad and a charging voltage of
125 kV. The test specimen capacitance is 1000pF. Find the wave-front and wave-tail resistances needed
to produce 1.2/50 µs impulse wave. What will be the maximum output voltage of the generator, if the
charging voltage is 120 kV?