1.

Neoliberalism emerged after the second world war as a reaction against the regulated
economy of the welfare state. The neoliberals revived the economic liberalism
espoused by David Ricardo in the early in 19 th century for them, free enterprise is the
only source of wealth and the solution to all economic woes.

2. Neoliberals want to eliminate or shrink the state as much as possible. They believe
that freedom and progress can come only from a free market and open competition.
Neoliberal propaganda insisted that free competition and economic would pull the
third world out of its backward, underdeveloped state – but the case wasn’t very
convincing. Neoliberalism was promoted in the third world by the local partners of the
multinational corporations and by government officials who made careers out of
negotiating with institutions like the IMF.

3. What the neoliberals didn’t say is that in a world economy dominated by monopolies,
the free market enables these huge corporations to swallow up anything that had
been protected, namely small national economies. Neoliberalism is just a new type of
imperialism. The law of the free market is the law of the jungle: Economic Darwinism.
In the food chain of capital, the big fish always eat the little fish.

4. Ideological revolution (the decline of the communism as an ideology and the triumph
of capitalism as an economic system of the world) and information and
communication revolution. The world got flat when all 10 of the flatteners converged
around the year 2000. This created a global, Web-enabled playing field that allows for
multiple forms of collaboration on research and work in real time, without regard to
geography, distance or, soon, even language.

5. He argues that globalization worked in China because the Chinese were

powerful enough and nationalistic enough and antagonistic enough that they could
not be told what to accept -- they decided what aspects of it would apply, and how
much they would accept, and where and how. Globalization has harmed the poorest
of the poor more than he foretold, while proving a periodic boon for emerging
markets, such as those in China, India, Russia, and Brazil, which have managed to turn
globalization into largesse for its ownership class.
Globalization fundamentally is neither acceptable nor awful for society. It is the
way it is dealt with that will decide if it really is great. globalization makes a majority
rule shortfall. Individuals currently have less authority over the fate of their general
public since they have less command over large business strategies (which impact a
general public's predetermination). Globalization has made more prominent
 opportunities for huge business at the expense of customary individuals having less
insurance from these enormous organizations. Clearly, some huge business
arrangements (for instance, setting up syndications, abusing those in a frail position)
advantage huge business however hurt society.

6. A state," according to James Garner, "is a community of persons numerous,

permanently occupying a definite portion of territory, having a government of their
own to which the great body of inhabitants render obedience and enjoying freedom
from external control.” The state, from the given definition, has the following
elements: people, territory, government, and sovereignty. A political organization, to
be properly considered a state, must have all these elements; absent any one of them
renders it a non-state. Sovereignty is the supreme power of the state to command
obedience from its people within its territory. To be supreme means to have an
exclusive power over the people within, and things found in, its territory. Sovereignty
has two elements: internal and external. Internal sovereignty refers to the supreme
power of the stated to command obedience from its people. External sovereignty
refers to the power of the state to direct its economic, political, social, and cultural
affairs, without the interference of any external forces.

7. The Treaty of Westphalia, according to Patton (2019), has resolved three major issues,
namely: (a) religious freedom was officially recognized, establishing the principle of
the separation of church and state; (b) the principle of international diplomacy as a
mode of resolving conflicts (instead of war) was laid down; and (c) third, which is
considered the most important, the principle of the sovereignty of the state was
solidified.

8. Their command over outcomes is not what it used to be. Politicians everywhere talks
as though they have the answers to economic and social problems, as if they really are
in charge of their country’s destiny. The argument put forward is that the impersonal
forces of world markets, integrated over the postwar period more by private
enterprise in finances, industry and trade than by the cooperative decisions of
governments, are now more powerful than the states to whom ultimate political
authority over society and economy is supposed to belong. Factors Contributing to
the Decline of the State: Accelerating Pace of Technological Change; Escalation of
capital cost of most technological innovations; Humanitarian Rights; Global Concerns.

9. Information (educational product) will be vital to overall rivalry for power. (control of
data as of now, control of an area, and modest work before). Information is power.
 The individuals who approach and control of information (data) have power. "…
monetary forces have arrived at the purpose of jeopardizing the steadiness of the
state through another type of the dissemination of capital that passes by the
nonexclusive name of worldwide enterprises." "Change in the idea of information, at
that point, would have repercussions on the current public forces, constraining them
to rethink their relations (both by law and true) with the enormous companies, and all
the more for the most part, with common society."

10. The heavy intervention of the supranational authority destroys the constitutional
balance of power between the Executive and legislative Departments. converts the
seat of republican democracy in our constitutional system into a mere implementing
and legitimating bureau of the supranational authority. The supranational legal order,
an instrument of the globalized economy, puts into question the sovereignty of the
Philippine state.

11. Cold war is an international system, a competition for influences supremacy between
the capitalist west and communist east. Capitalist west includes allies of USA and
Communist west includes country from Asia. Cold war started in 1947 between south
and north Korea and their allied countries. The Russia ended the cold war in 1991
when they opened their door to capitalism. Structure of rules is both states should not
get involve with each other’s foreign policy along with their allies. Economic rule: if the
country is less developed, the people will only be focusing on taking care of their own
national industry. While on a more developed country, they are practicing autarky
which means self-efficiency. Dominant idea is COMMUNISM & CAPITALISM. Frozen
migration especially from people from communist country like north Korea. It was
also mentioned that the world is divided into 3 camps: capitalist camp, communist
camp, and neutral camp. The cold war is about allies, determining who’s the enemy
and friend to earn power.

In globalization, the threats and opportunity increasingly derived from

connections. It has dynamic process compared to cold war. According to Friedman,
free market capitalism it also means because the more the market is open everyone,
the more it will be flourished. According to Karl Marx capitalism is evil and anti-poor.
Economist Joseph Schumpeter, states that the essence of capitalism is the process of
creative destruction. It means he doesn’t care about the tradition and innovation is
more valuable. 2 structure during cold war, state confronting the state, state
balancing state. 3 structure during globalization super states, global market, super
powered individual. Compared to cold war, globalization is about connections and
competitors.
12. Friedman came up with the idea between Lexus and the Olive tree. The Lexus
symbolizes civilization and modernation while the olive tree symbolizes tradition and
beliefs. For instance, the olive tree represents us, Filipinos, our race, our home. The
world is composed of not only technology but also people with their habits, traditions,
culture, and such. The Lexus part of the world is trying to make the living more
convenient by implementing innovation. While the other part of the world is the olive
tree which composes of people the chose to maintain, protects, and values their
tradition.

Olive trees are important because the root represents us, the individuality of
race and culture according to Gabriel Marquez. That’s why if someone disrespects it,
we will fight for it. For instance, our country. Foreign people or visitors from other
country should respect us, our home even in globalization. Foreign people should deal
with us fairly with respect. But according to Friedman, we should also acknowledge
and respect the other olive tree. If someone threatens an olive tree, the tribe will fight
for it like the one with Amazon issue, and our country, the Philippines between China.
Filipino are raging and fighting for our land because the China is trying to steal our
land. Globalization can be harmless if people are not only trying to make the world
convenient but also treat it with respect.